Pregnancy induces vast physiological shifts within several systems of the expectant mother’s body, including haemodynamic, haematological, renal, endocrine and metabolic functions. These are necessary to adjust conditions for optimal growth and development of the fetus but are finely tuned to avoid subsequent compromise to maternal health; an imbalance of which may present with medical complications to both mother and baby.

It is essential to understand normal physiological changes in pregnancy in order to appreciate pathology, which may arise. This chapter aims to outline the main changes that occur, and further, to delineate a few common obstetric emergencies and complications that may develop during pregnancy.

An anonymous and rarely cited text, Fe política de un colombiano was consulted by the editors at the John Carter Brown Library, whose catalogue attributes it to Eloy Valenzuela (1756–1834), a Catholic priest from Santander, Colombia. However, it is highly unlikely that Valenzuela, who was close to Simón Bolívar at the time of publication, penned a pamphlet which appeared to be criticizing (though not in explicit terms) the Convención de Ocaña, convened by Bolívar to replace the existing 1821 Constitution. The main message of the Fe política was against the concentration of power in the executive, then perceived to be Bolívar’s purpose in convening the Ocaña Convention. On April 1, 1826, the Gaceta de Colombia registered its publication stating that “the author … was born in one of the departments of the antigua Venezuela.” Its author might have been Javier Francisco Yanes (1776–1846), particularly as in his Manual político del venezolano, Yanes used the Fe política without attribution, in a book that is seemingly generous in acknowledging the work of others. But if the Gaceta de Colombia was right, this would rule out Yanes’ authorship as he was not born in Venezuela but in Cuba.

Cyclotomic fields, fields obtained by adjoining the nth roots of unity to the rational numbers, play a pivotal role in number theory as they contain all abelian extensions of the field of rational numbers according to the Kronecker–Weber theorem. They also offer insights into reciprocity laws and certain Diophantine equations, such as the Fermat equation.

In this chapter, we offer a second proof of the quadratic reciprocity law, which shows how Gauss sums over roots of unity encode quadratic residue behavior. This approach reveals the intrinsic connection between quadratic fields and cyclotomic fields.

We prove the particular case of the Kronecker–Weber theorem asserting that a quadratic field of discriminant D is contained minimally in the cyclotomic field of |D|th roots of unity.

Of great historical relevance is Kummer’s proof of the first case of Fermat’s Last Theorem for regular primes, which uses the unique factorization of ideals in cyclotomic fields. Kummer introduced ideal theory to overcome limitations posed by the non-unique factorization of elements in attempted proofs of FLT. His work laid the foundation for modern algebraic number theory, illustrating the profound utility of cyclotomic methods in solving classical problems and establishing these fields as central objects in arithmetic geometry.

This chapter reflects on the book’s exploration of drama and performance that reveal the entanglements of natural phenomena and human behaviours in society, each shaping one another in dynamic interplay. The book concludes by considering how artists continue to want to make work about anthropogenic ecological change. We suggest here that performative actions of dissent can offer shared optimistic moments. This chapter looks at the tactics of tactics of artists and activists who perform actions to physically resist, slow or block ecological damage, attempting to hold big corporations and politicians to account and keep urgent ecological issues under public scrutiny.

Depression is common in the perinatal period and is linked to negative consequences for pregnant and postpartum women and other childbearing individuals and their families, including the potential for long-term adverse outcomes in children. While the clinical approach to depression in pregnancy and postpartum is similar to that of the non-perinatal period in many ways, specific considerations include the role of reproductive hormones in the aetiology of the disorder, unique psychosocial stressors that may precipitate or perpetuate symptoms, and the safety of psychotropic medication in pregnancy and lactation. This chapter is an overview of depression in pregnancy and the first year postpartum, including a summary of its epidemiology, theories about aetiology, presentation, course, outcomes and an approach to management.

This chapter moves from low- and mid-ranking bureaucrats to higher-ranking officials and their ‘great projects’ (al-masharī‘ al-kubra) – the revolution’s signal achievements in governmental media. The chapter describes how this type of achievement was considered extraordinary, given the struggle to coordinate across fragmented and conflicting state institutions. Moreover, the chapter analyses one of the Ministry of Culture’s greatest and longest-lasting projects: to build a new Egyptian human being (binā’ al-insān al-miṣri). I argue that the need to cultivate the Egyptian masses was not purely born from a desire to civilise, but by a political imperative to build a new people to be governed by the revolutionary command. In contrast with Younis’s pejorative description of the people envisaged by the Revolution as a ‘mass’ (gumū‘) or a ‘herd’ (qatī‘), this chapter presents the meliorative side of the same project: the yet-to-exist People as a collection of ‘righteous citizens’ (muwaṭinīn ṣāliḥīn).

This chapter describes infant mental health and why it is important. Those working in perinatal mental health services have a key role in ensuring that it is attended to by assessing and supporting the developing mother-infant relationship. The journey into services and the roles of team members and others are presented. Effective interventions to support the primary and wider family relationships should be offered when required.

As anthropogenic actions are causing the Earth’s temperatures to rise, the oceans too are warming, accelerating the melting of the polar icecaps, which in turn affects rising sea levels on a global scale. In the Pacific region, higher sea levels cause increasingly severe and frequent flooding from high for king tides add encroaching so it reads from high tides encroaching on islands and coastal areas king tides to islands and coastal areas. The theatrical performances considered in this chapter are chosen for their representations of melting ice, rising sea levels and changing coastal ecosystems. Considering i-Land X-isle and The Last Resort by performance artist Latai Taumoepeau and Thaw by physical theatre group Legs On The Wall, we explore how 'performance can highlight Australian beach and coastal ecologies that exacerbate existing social and economic inequalities. We ask: what does performance show us about which social and cultural groups are most affected by melting Antarctic ice and rising and warming seas? This chapter explores international attitudes to beaches.

This chapter examines efforts to list Kenya’s ‘minorities’ and ‘marginalised communities,’ categories in the 2010 constitution entitled to affirmative action in government representation, resource distribution and public service employment. These are the first classifications with allocative consequences since colonial times. I examine how these terms are operationalised in legal cases, by government Commissions, and by civil society. I show the impossibility of arriving at a fixed list and illuminate myriad strategies for responding to competing political demands for status. These are quintessential examples of cultivated vagueness. I show how this enables both generosity in conferring special status and its application in divisive ways. I use three cases of code seeking – Nubian, Wayyu and Sakuye peoples – to further illustrate both how vague codes have become and how politically salient they are. I examine both the limits of classification in this space and explore ways to make them work to benefit marginalised people. I conclude with some alternatives to classification for remedying marginalisation.

This book comes in two parts; the first, consisting of §§1–7, offers an informal axiomatic introduction to the basics of set theory, including a thorough discussion of the axiom of choice and some of its equivalents. The second part, consisting of §§8–14, is written at a somewhat more advanced level, and treats selected topics in transfinite algebra; that is, algebraic themes where the axiom of choice, in one form or another, is useful or even indispensable.

Autism research and clinical practice is a rapidly evolving branch of psychiatry. This chapter explores autism through the lenses of the neurodiversity paradigm, challenging the deficit-based model whilst remaining stark about significant healthcare inequalities and challenges that autistic people face. It considers the perinatal journey from an autistic perspective, highlighting some of the common challenges autistic mums (to be) can face, and makes suggestions for approaches to take when working with autistic patients.