This section presents the author’s conclusions and offers some outlook for further research.

The aim of this chapter is to help readers to understand the different options for psychological therapy when parents are experiencing perinatal mental illness and consider what therapeutic approach might be appropriate and for whom.

Psychological therapies are of key importance in the perinatal period. There are significant psychological adjustments associated with the transition to parenthood, there are adjusted risks and benefits of prescribing at this time, parents state they prefer psychological approaches and therapy may also be important to address problems in the parent-infant relationship. It is important that psychological therapies are based on a perinatal frame of mind and can be accessed promptly when needed.

This chapter describes different types of evidence-based, guideline recommended psychological therapies that target improvements in parental mental health symptoms. Psychological therapy is most effective and accessible when it is adapted to take account of the perinatal context and issues related to pregnancy, childbirth or parenting. The evidence base for psychological therapies specifically in the perinatal period is growing and is reviewed.

The Introduction explains the purpose of this book about the way natural ecologies are centrally configured in twentieth- and twenty-first century drama and innovative theatrical performance. It explains the book’s argument that ecology and climate need to be understood as consequences of a combination of social and natural forces, and that drama and theatrical performance often stage such entangled ecologies. We find that weather-related events function like protagonists in twentieth-century and twenty-first century Australian theatrical work, reflecting contemporaneous human attitudes towards nature. The plays and performances discussed in this book reveal a paradigm shift from a white settler belief in a righteous human dominance over nature to a more contemporary understanding of mutual entanglement and reciprocity in multispecies ecologies.

This concluding chapter offers some final reflections on the nature of knowledge about ethnicity in Kenya. I argue that if the nature of this knowledge is purposefully vague and makes ethnic categories polyvalent, then the best way to protect against problematic uses of ethnic knowledge is vigilance. This is far less satisfying and reassuring than law or rights as a framework for governing the risks of diversity, but it is far more appropriate, and I briefly consider what this might look like. Finally, I look forward to the digitisation of Kenya’s population register and aspirations to establish a population knowledge architecture so sophisticated that it could render numerous registers interoperable and ultimately replace even the census. I reflect on the nature of ethnic classification in such an architecture and argue that it would lose all the qualities that have made it amenable to solidaristic and pluralistic purposes thus far, while amplifying all its dangers.

This chapter examines how the rhetoric of achievement books is crafted through images and numbers as well as words. I argue that these media have two purposes. On one hand, they act as symbolic fragments of the nation, constituted by a recognisable Nasser-era iconography. Peasants and workers, students and soldiers, factories and machines, land and buildings – all these elements are marshalled to depict a cohesive national mosaic. On the other hand, each photograph and statistic acts as an index of the state’s achievements; the picture and the number become, on their own, an inarguable demonstration of the state’s ability to achieve. After describing the typical content of Nasserist iconography, the chapter moves to analyse it in relation to the master narratives of industrial modernisation and revolutionary responsibility. The chapter concludes with an analysis of what images exclude, what lies beyond their frame, and how these exclusions are telling about what constitutes ‘the state’ under Nasser. Governmental images and numbers are not a peripheral epiphenomenon to Nasser-era politics, but they are symbolically and indexically central to the state’s construction.

In this chapter, we provide an overview of several related problems in which we can apply the techniques developed in Chapters 2–6. We first study the least gradient problem, that is, the problem of minimisation of total variation with respect to a given Dirichlet boundary condition. We discuss several possible formulations of this problem in a metric measure setting, and in regular bounded open subsets of a metric measure space, we describe the relation between the least gradient problem and the Dirichlet problem for the 1-Laplacian operator. Section 7.2 deals with the Cheeger problem and the Cheeger cut problem in the general framework of metric measure spaces. Our first goal is to study the problem of characterising the Cheeger constant of a bounded domain and the identification of the Cheeger sets. Furthermore, we prove a version of the Max-Flow Min-Cut Theorem. Then, we consider the Cheeger cut problem of partitioning the space into two parts so that the Cheeger constant of the whole space is achieved, and as a consequence, we obtain a Cheeger inequality along the lines of the classical one for Riemannian manifolds obtained by Cheeger in 1970.

A Euclidean domain is an integral domain with a function enabling a division algorithm similar to that of the ring of integers, while a principal ideal domain (PID) is a domain where every ideal is principal – generated by a single element. Every Euclidean domain is a PID, and every PID is a unique factorization domain (UFD), ensuring unique factorization into irreducibles. This chapter develops the theory of finitely generated modules over PIDs. The central result is their decomposition into direct sums of cyclic submodules. The uniqueness of invariant factors, together with the module’s rank, provides complete classification up to isomorphism. The cyclic decomposition relates closely to the Smith normal form of matrices over PIDs, a canonical form revealing the cokernel structure of linear transformations between finite-rank free modules. We apply the primary decomposition of torsion modules over a PID to the classification of finitely generated abelian groups and to the classification of linear operators over algebraically closed fields, yielding the classical Jordan canonical form.

From the twelfth century, clergy enjoyed another privilege related to criminal violence. The canon ‘Si quis suadente’ (1139) declared that anyone who laid ‘violent hands’ on a clerk or monk incurred excommunication reserved to papal absolution. Historians have seen this sanction as ‘automatic’ and an expression of papal power, but recent scholarship has questioned this. Bishops enforcing the canon sought papal guidance on its operation: What kinds of clergy and violence was it meant to cover? Did it exclude some uses of force, notably self-defence? Did all offenders need papal absolution? Papal answers to such questions formed a new body of case law that complicated the canon’s operation and made it less automatic. Canonistic commentary added to this complexity, essentially giving bishops power to decide whether the canon’s sanction applied and whether offenders needed recourse to Rome. In English practice, offenders were rarely referred to Rome and usually received episcopal absolution. Church courts also encouraged reconciliation between clerical victims and lay assailants through arbitration, rather than emphasising division between them that the canon potentially signified.

Our best unconditional bounds for ψ(x, χ), such as Theorem 11.16, are not very good owing to our rather limited knowledge of the zero-free region of L(s, χ). It is possible to extend the range for the modulus q of χ at the expense of the error term or by including zeros close to 1. See Corollary 11.20 or the chapter on Vinogradov’s mean value theorem in the forthcoming Volume III. If we assume GRH, then we have a much better estimate (cf. Theorem 13.7). However, in some situations, a good bound for an average of |ψ (x, χ) | is all that is required, and such bounds can be obtained unconditionally by combining our methods of Chapter 17 with the large sieve.

This book comes in two parts; the first, consisting of §§1–7, offers an informal axiomatic introduction to the basics of set theory, including a thorough discussion of the axiom of choice and some of its equivalents. The second part, consisting of §§8–14, is written at a somewhat more advanced level, and treats selected topics in transfinite algebra; that is, algebraic themes where the axiom of choice, in one form or another, is useful or even indispensable.

Fear-inducing tragedy encompasses the deadly consequences of contaminating the atmosphere, including through nuclear radiation. Theatrical works juxtapose the threat of extinction with the benefits of energy obtained from nuclear, coal and oil power sources as they indicate that the earth’s atmosphere can no longer be regarded as an exploitable resource. The degradation of breathable air is life-threatening for human and nonhuman species alike. The depiction of human-induced contamination from mid twentieth-century theatre encompasses life-threatening atmospheric nuclear bomb testing in the Pacific Ocean region and on mainland Australia. First Nations theatrical performance about nuclear-damaged ecological systems broadens the emotional commons of climate change theatre in which characters confront atmospheric contamination and the threat of annihilation.

Based on extensive in-depth interviews and primary documents, Chapter 5 presents a case study of a middle-performing county in central China to illustrate the core arguments of the book. It shows how the local state reassigns rural land rights in an effort to drive urbanization and industrialization. It provides data on how local officials respond to performance targets by using land to attract investment in both real estate and industry. The chapter also provides data on the county’s debt-fueled infrastructural development employing land-backed LGFVs and presents data on economic activity and fiscal revenue. The chapter illustrates the nature of popular dissatisfaction over the reassignment of land rights and how local officials use law to deflect discontent and conflict away from the state itself, while exacerbating conflict between villagers and village collectives and among neighbors. It shows how villagers, unable to effectively challenge the state, seek to exclude others from sharing in land-taking compensation funds by using contested ideas about household registration (hukou), marriage, village charters, and land contracts. Villagers manifest legal consciousness, including awareness of legal aid, and engage in legal mobilization, including negotiation, mediation, petition, litigation, and protest.

What is a legal culture, and how do we understand and describe it? Historians have done a good job, over the past century, of describing legal institutions. They have been less successful at understanding legal cultures. Yet the eastern Roman Empire is suffused with attempts to articulate understandings of state power and capacity in the language of law. The current "institutional" approach does very little to explain why law was meaningful to subjects of empire: it merely attempts to explain "how it worked," hypothesizing that decent functioning incentivizes the use of the system. This is problematic: it relies anachronistically on a positivist understanding of law. Instead, law is shown to be implicated in multiple acts of community self-definition, in public rituals, and in popular consciousness. This raises the questions: why did legality play such an important role in the provincial imagination? And with what effects on the state itself?