Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  1. Home
  2. Publications
  3. Cambridge Elements
  4. Content Listing

Refine listing

Refine listing

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply   From and To filters
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

2525 results in Cambridge Elements

Page 101 of 127

Concept and Method in Cross-Cultural and Cultural Psychology

Concept and Method in Cross-Cultural and Cultural Psychology
  • Ype H. Poortinga
  • Published online:
    04 October 2021
    Print publication:
    04 November 2021
  • An overview is given of cross-cultural psychology and cultural psychology, focusing on theory and methodology. In Section 1 historical developments in research are traced; it is found that initially extensive psychological differences tend to shrink when more carefully designed studies are conducted. Section 2 addresses the conceptualization of “culture” and of “a culture”. For psychological research the notion “culture” is considered too vague; more focal explanatory concepts are required. Section 3 describes methodological issues, taking the notion of the empirical cycle as a lead for both qualitative and quantitative research. Pitfalls in research design and data analysis of behavior-comparative studies, and the need for replication are discussed. Section 4 suggests to move beyond research on causal relationships and to incorporate additional questions, addressing the function and the development of behavior patterns in ontogenetic, phylogenetic and historical time. Section 5 emphasizes the need for applied research serving the global village.
Happiness and Well-Being

Happiness and Well-Being
  • Chris Heathwood
  • Published online:
    01 October 2021
    Print publication:
    04 November 2021
  • This Element provides an opinionated introduction to the debate in moral philosophy over identifying the basic elements of well-being and to the related debate over the nature of happiness. The question of the nature of happiness is simply the question of what happiness is (as opposed to what causes it or how to get it), and the central philosophical question about well-being is the question of what things are in themselves of ultimate benefit or harm to a person, or directly make them better or worse off.
Virtual Paleontology

Virtual Paleontology
  • Tomographic Techniques For Studying Fossil Echinoderms
  • Jennifer E. Bauer, Imran A. Rahman
  • Published online:
    29 September 2021
    Print publication:
    11 November 2021
  • Imaging and visualizing fossils in three dimensions with tomography is a powerful approach in paleontology. Here, the authors introduce select destructive and non-destructive tomographic techniques that are routinely applied to fossils and review how this work has improved our understanding of the anatomy, function, taphonomy, and phylogeny of fossil echinoderms. Building on this, this Element discusses how new imaging and computational methods have great promise for addressing long-standing paleobiological questions. Future efforts to improve the accessibility of the data underlying this work will be key for realizing the potential of this virtual world of paleontology.
The Causal Structure of Natural Selection

The Causal Structure of Natural Selection
  • Charles H. Pence
  • Published online:
    28 September 2021
    Print publication:
    04 November 2021
  • Recent arguments concerning the nature of causation in evolutionary theory, now often known as the debate between the 'causalist' and 'statisticalist' positions, have involved answers to a variety of independent questions – definitions of key evolutionary concepts like natural selection, fitness, and genetic drift; causation in multi-level systems; or the nature of evolutionary explanations, among others. This Element offers a way to disentangle one set of these questions surrounding the causal structure of natural selection. Doing so allows us to clearly reconstruct the approach that some of these major competing interpretations of evolutionary theory have to this causal structure, highlighting particular features of philosophical interest within each. Further, those features concern problems not exclusive to the philosophy of biology. Connections between them and, in two case studies, contemporary metaphysics and philosophy of physics demonstrate the potential value of broader collaboration in the understanding of evolution.
Evidential Decision Theory

Evidential Decision Theory
  • Arif Ahmed
  • Published online:
    24 September 2021
    Print publication:
    21 October 2021
  • Evidential Decision Theory is a radical theory of rational decision-making. It recommends that instead of thinking about what your decisions *cause*, you should think about what they *reveal*. This Element explains in simple terms why thinking in this way makes a big difference, and argues that doing so makes for *better* decisions. An appendix gives an intuitive explanation of the measure-theoretic foundations of Evidential Decision Theory.
The Economics and Regulation of Network Industries

The Economics and Regulation of Network Industries
  • Telecommunications and Beyond
  • Ingo Vogelsang
  • Published online:
    24 September 2021
    Print publication:
    04 November 2021
  • Have you ever wondered how your telephone company or Internet service provider can give you access to almost all people in the world, or how electricity suppliers can compete with each other if there is only one electric supply line passing through your street? This Element deals with the economics and public regulation of such network industries. It puts particular emphasis on the specific economic concepts used for analyzing them and on the regulatory reform movement and the compatibility of regulation and competition. Worldwide most of these industries have changed dramatically in recent years, telecommunications in particular. Network industries mostly exhibit economies of scale in production and similar economies in consumption. Both of these properties cause market power problems that often require industry-specific regulation. However, due to technological and market changes network policies have moved on from end-user regulation to wholesale regulation and in some cases to deregulation.
Racial Order, Racialized Responses: Interminority Politics in a Diverse Nation

Racial Order, Racialized Responses: Interminority Politics in a Diverse Nation
  • Efrén O. Pérez, E. Enya Kuo
  • Published online:
    24 September 2021
    Print publication:
    04 November 2021
  • America's racial sands are quickly shifting, with parallel growth in theories to explain how varied groups respond, politically, to demographic changes. This Element develops a unified framework to predict when, why, and how racial groups react defensively toward others. America's racial groups can be arrayed along two dimensions: how American and how superior are they considered? This Element claims that location along these axes motivates political reactions to outgroups. Using original survey data and experiments, this Element reveals the acute sensitivity that people of color have to their social station and how it animates political responses to racial diversity.
Writing Bestsellers

Writing Bestsellers
  • Love, Money, and Creative Practice
  • Kim Wilkins, Lisa Bennett
  • Published online:
    23 September 2021
    Print publication:
    21 October 2021
  • While the term 'bestseller' explicitly relates books to sales, commercially successful books are also products of individual creative work. This Element presents a new perspective on the relationship between art and the market, with particular reference to bestselling writers and books. We examine some existing perspectives on art's relationship to the marketplace to trouble persistent binaries that see the two in opposition; we break down the monolith of the marketplace by thinking of it as made up of a range of invested, non-hostile participants such as publishing personnel and readers; we articulate the material dimensions of creative writing in the industry through the words of bestselling writers themselves; and we examine how the existence of bestselling books and writers in the world of letters bears enormous influence on the industry, and on the practice of other writers.
State, Society and Markets in North Korea

State, Society and Markets in North Korea
  • Andrew Yeo
  • Published online:
    21 September 2021
    Print publication:
    04 November 2021
  • Under Kim Jong-un, North Korea has experienced growing economic markets, an emerging 'nouveau riche,' and modest levels of urban development. To what extent is North Korean politics and society changing? How has the growth of markets transformed state-society relations? This Element evaluates the shifting relationship between state, society, and markets in a deeply authoritarian context. If the regime implements controlled economic measures, extracts rent, and subsumes the market economy into its ideology, the state will likely retain strong authoritarian control. Conversely, if it fails to incorporate markets into its legitimating message, as private actors build informal trust networks, share information, and collude with state bureaucrats, more fundamental changes in state-society relations are in order. By opening the 'black box' of North Korea, this Element reveals how the country manages to teeter forward, and where its domestic future may lie.
The Taphonomy of Echinoids

The Taphonomy of Echinoids
  • Skeletal Morphologies, Environmental Factors, and Preservation Pathways
  • James H. Nebelsick, Andrea Mancosu
  • Published online:
    21 September 2021
    Print publication:
    21 October 2021
  • The study of echinoid evolution, diversity, and ecology has always suffered from the fact that they are represented by taxa showing widely differing architectural designs of their multi-plated skeletons, inhabiting a large range of marine paleoenvironments, which result in highly varying taphonomic biases dictating their presence and recognition. This Element addresses the taphonomy of echinoids and includes: a general introduction to the morphological features of echinoids that play a role in their preservation; a review of processes which play an important role in the differential preservation of both regular and irregular echinoids including predation and transport; a summary of taphonomic pathways included in actualistic studies for recent sea urchins and then reconstructed for fossil taxa; and finally, a case study of the variation of echinoid taphonomy across a shelf gradient using the rich Miocene echinoid fauna of Sardinia.
Measurement Burst Designs to Improve Precision in Peer Research

Measurement Burst Designs to Improve Precision in Peer Research
  • Ryan J. Persram, Bianca Panarello, Melisa Castellanos, Lisa Astrologo, William M. Bukowski
  • Published online:
    20 September 2021
    Print publication:
    14 October 2021
  • Measurement burst designs, in which assessments of a set of constructs are made at two or more times in quick succession (e.g., within days), can be used as a novel method to improve the stability of basic measures typically used in longitudinal peer research. In this Element, we hypothesized that the stabilities for adolescent-reported peer acceptance, anxiety, and self-concept would be stronger when using the measurement burst approach versus the single time observation. Participants included youth between 10 and 13 years old who completed (a) sociometric assessments of acceptance, and measures of (b) social and test anxiety, and (c) self-concept across three times with two assessments made at each burst. Findings broadly showed that the stabilities were significantly stronger with the measurement burst when compared to the single time assessment, supporting our main hypothesis. We discuss the utility of the measurement burst in a broader context and considerations for researchers.
The Dynamics of Public Opinion

The Dynamics of Public Opinion
  • Mary Layton Atkinson, K. Elizabeth Coggins, James A. Stimson, Frank R. Baumgartner
  • Published online:
    20 September 2021
    Print publication:
    11 November 2021
  • A central question in political representation is whether government responds to the people. To understand that, we need to know what the government is doing, and what the people think of it. We seek to understand a key question necessary to answer those bigger questions: How does American public opinion move over time? We posit three patterns of change over time in public opinion, depending on the type of issue. Issues on which the two parties regularly disagree provide clear partisan cues to the public. For these party-cue issues we present a slight variation on the thermostatic theory from (Soroka and Wlezien (2010); Wlezien (1995)); our “implied thermostatic model.” A smaller number of issues divide the public along lines unrelated to partisanship, and so partisan control of government provides no relevant clue. Finally, we note a small but important class of issues which capture response to cultural shifts.
The Partisan Next Door

The Partisan Next Door
  • Stereotypes of Party Supporters and Consequences for Polarization in America
  • Ethan C. Busby, Adam J. Howat, Jacob E. Rothschild, Richard M. Shafranek
  • Published online:
    16 September 2021
    Print publication:
    07 October 2021
  • In the United States, politics has become tribal and personalized. The influence of partisan divisions has extended beyond the political realm into everyday life, affecting relationships and workplaces as well as the ballot box. To help explain this trend, we examine the stereotypes Americans have of ordinary Democrats and Republicans. Using data from surveys, experiments, and Americans' own words, we explore the content of partisan stereotypes and find that they come in three main flavors—parties as their own tribes, coalitions of other tribes, or vehicles for political issues. These different stereotypes influence partisan conflict: people who hold trait-based stereotypes tend to display the highest levels of polarization, while holding issue-based stereotypes decreases polarization. This finding suggests that reducing partisan conflict does not require downplaying partisan divisions but shifting the focus to political priorities rather than identity—a turn to what we call responsible partisanship.
The Axiology of Theism

The Axiology of Theism
  • Klaas J. Kraay
  • Published online:
    16 September 2021
    Print publication:
    14 October 2021
  • Theism is the view that God exists; naturalism is the view that there are no supernatural beings, processes, mechanisms, or forces. This Element explores whether things are better, worse, or neither on theism relative to naturalism. It introduces readers to the central philosophical issues that bear on this question, and it distinguishes a wide range of ways it can be answered. It critically examines four views, three of which hold (in various ways) that things are better on theism than on naturalism, and one of which holds just the opposite.
Emotions and Temporalities

Emotions and Temporalities
  • Margrit Pernau
  • Published online:
    15 September 2021
    Print publication:
    14 October 2021
  • This Element brings together the history of emotions and temporalities, offering a new perspective on both. Time was often imagined as a movement from the past to the future: the past is gone and the future not yet here. Only present-day subjects could establish relations to other times, recovering history as well as imagining and anticipating the future. In a movement paralleling the emphasis on the porous self, constituted by emotions situated not inside but between subjects, this Element argues for a porous present, which is open to the intervention of ghosts coming from the past and from the future. What needs investigating is the flow between times as much as the creation of boundaries between them, which first banishes the ghosts and then denies their existence. Emotions are the most important way through which subjects situate and understand themselves in time.
Retrofitting Collaboration into the New Public Management

Retrofitting Collaboration into the New Public Management
  • Evidence from New Zealand
  • Elizabeth Eppel, Rosemary O'Leary
  • Published online:
    14 September 2021
    Print publication:
    07 October 2021
  • This Element is about the challenges of working collaboratively in and with governments in countries with a strong New Public Management (NPM) influence. As the evidence from New Zealand analyzed in this study demonstrates, collaboration – working across organization boundaries and with the public – was not inherently a part of the NPM and was often discouraged or ignored. When the need for collaborative public management approaches became obvious, efforts centered around “retrofitting” collaboration into the NPM, with mixed results. This Element analyzes the impediments and catalysts to collaboration in strong NPM governments and concludes that significant modification of the standard NPM operational model is needed including: Alternative institutions for funding, design, delivery, monitoring and accountability; New performance indicators; Incentives and rewards for collaboration; Training public servants in collaboration; Collaboration champions, guardians, complexity translators, and stewards; and paradoxically, NPM governance processes designed to make collaborative decisions stick.
Hybrid Systems-in-Foil

Hybrid Systems-in-Foil
  • Mourad Elsobky, Joachim N. Burghartz
  • Published online:
    14 September 2021
    Print publication:
    14 October 2021
  • Hybrid Systems-in-Foil (HySiF) is a concept that extends the potential of conventional More-than-More Systems-in/on-Package (SiPs and SoPs) to the flexible electronics world. In HySiF, an economical implementation of flexible electronic systems is possible by integrating a minimum number of embedded silicon chips and a maximum number of on-foil components. Here, the complementary characteristics of CMOS SoCs and larger area organic and printed electronics are combined in a HySiF-compatible polymeric substrate. Within the HySiF scope, the fabrication process steps and the integration design rules with all the accompanying boundary conditions concerning material compatibility, surface properties, and thermal budget, are defined. This Element serves as an introduction to the HySiF concept. A summary of recent ultra-thin chip fabrication and flexible packaging techniques is provided. Several bendable electronic components are presented demonstrating the benefits of HySiF. Finally, prototypes of flexible wireless sensor systems that adopt the HySiF concept are demonstrated.
The Power of Polls?

The Power of Polls?
  • A Cross-National Experimental Analysis of the Effects of Campaign Polls
  • Jason Roy, Shane P. Singh, Patrick Fournier
  • Published online:
    14 September 2021
    Print publication:
    07 October 2021
  • Public opinion polls have become increasingly prominent during elections, but how they affect voting behaviour remains uncertain. In this work, we estimate the effects of poll exposure using an experimental design in which we randomly assign the availability of polls to participants in simulated election campaigns. We draw upon results from ten independent experiments conducted across six countries on four continents (Argentina, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States) to examine how polls affect the amount of information individuals seek and the votes that they cast. We further assess how poll effects differ according to individual-level factors, such as partisanship and political sophistication, and the content included in polls and how it is presented. Our work provides a comprehensive assessment of the power of polls and the implications for poll reporting in contemporary elections.
Leadership Standpoints

Leadership Standpoints
  • A Practical Framework for the Next Generation of Nonprofit Leaders
  • Don Waisanen
  • Published online:
    14 September 2021
    Print publication:
    07 October 2021
    • Element
      • You have access
      • Open access
    • PDF
    • HTML
    • Export citation
  • This project offers a new leadership framework for the next generation of nonprofit professionals. Based on five years of data collected from the New York Community Trust Leadership Fellowship - designed to address leadership development gaps in the nonprofit sector - it constructs three dimensions and eleven themes for the theory and practice of leadership standpoints. Leadership standpoints are a framework for practicing inclusion, building spaces for performance, and thinking and acting with range. Those using leadership standpoints continuously interact with diverse stakeholders, constantly verify others' views and interests, and remain keenly attentive to power distributions, material constraints, and hidden or unacknowledged voices that need surfaced, while expanding their personal and social outlooks to elevate performance and meet pressing demands best addressed through broadly informed decisions. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The Search for the Virtuous Corporation

The Search for the Virtuous Corporation
  • A Wicked Problem or New Direction for Organization Theory?
  • Justin O'Brien
  • Published online:
    13 September 2021
    Print publication:
    25 November 2021
  • The corporation is the most complex, adaptive, and resilient model of organizing economic activity in history. In an era of globalization, the transnational corporation has significant power over society. While its rights are specified through private ordering, and choice of jurisdictional home, in the event of conflict of laws, the corporation's duties and responsibilities remain contested. Notwithstanding the argument in institutional economics that all transactions take place within governance and legal frameworks, underpinned by a 'non-calculative social contract,' the terms are notoriously difficult to define or enforce. They are made more so if regulatory dynamics preclude litigation to a judicial conclusion. This Element situates the corporation – its culture, governance, responsibility, and accountability – within a broader discourse of duty. In doing so, it addresses the problem of the corporation for society and the corporation's problem in aligning its governance to changing community expectations of obligation.

Page 101 of 127