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In her recent Language paper, Tonhauser (2007, henceforth T07) provides a comprehensive in-depth discussion of the semantics of two nominal temporal markers occurring in Paraguayan Guaraní, based on her fieldwork study and subsequent Ph.D. T explicitly situates her article as arguing against the claims of our Language article (Nordlinger & Sadler 2004, henceforth NS04), which presents a crosslinguistic study of the inflectional categories of tense, aspect, and mood on nominal categories, and classified Guaraní as having nominal tense markers. T argues that while the Guaraní nominal markers can be shown to ‘affect the temporal interpretation of the noun phrase they attach to’ (p. 831), they are not in fact markers of nominal tense.
Mounting evidence indicates a strong correlation between wildfire smoke exposure and health impacts, though limited studies have focused on urban fires or exposures other than smoke. The 2025 LA County Fires presented an opportunity to broaden this evidence base.
Methods
In response, the Public Health Extreme Events Research (PHEER) Network developed an ArcGIS Online health exposure map to curate and disseminate information about environmental exposure data collection activities across agencies and researchers.
Results
The map integrates data collection locations with publicly available datasets to reduce duplication of effort. PHEER also partnered with the University of Washington’s Natural Hazards Reconnaissance (RAPID) facility to collect hyperspectral imagery for analysis. Concerns about sharing granular exposure data led PHEER to prioritize disseminating locations and types of data collected rather than the data itself.
Conclusion
PHEER’s approach provides a model for supporting rapid, ethical disaster research in complex urban fire contexts.