It was demonstrated in the number of studies that patients with bipolar affective disorder (BD) at the initial stage of the disease are characterized by the high level of self-stigmatization (Latalova K., Kamaradova D., Prasko J., 2014; Solokhina T.A., Oshevsky D.S., Barkhatova A.N., et al., 2023). However, relationship of patients’ self-stigmatization with their psychopathological symptoms wasn’t analyzed, what determined the theoretical and practical significance of our study.

To reveal correlations between psychopathological symptoms and self-stigmatization of patients with BD at the initial stage of the disease and to work out the integrated approach to their psychosocial treatment.

Questionnaire for assessing the phenomenon of self-stigmatization of mentally ill people (Mikhailova et al., 2005), SCL-90-R were used. A group of 17 patients (12 women and 5 men) with diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder (BD, F31.xxx according to ICD-10) was examined. The average age of the patients was 25.52±4.55 years. The duration of the disorder varied within 0.5 -3 years.

Patients with BD demonstrated high overall level of self-stigmatization (1.22±0.73 points). This parameter was significantly higher than average values. As a result of correlation analysis, multiple dependable (p<0.01) moderate relationships between SCL-90-R indicators and parameters of several scales of the self-stigmatization questionnaire were established. So, perception of changes associated with the disease as irreversible, depriving opportunities in various spheres of life (scales «Overestimation of self-realization», «Overestimation of internal activity») leaded to somatization of patients and the formation of hypochondriac experiences (SOM, r=0.58 and r=0.54, respectively). In turn, this reduces self-esteem and causes an increase in the overall level of experienced distress (GSI, r=0.61 and r=0.53, respectively). Self-doubt, the expectation of a negative attitude towards oneself (the scale «De-identification from others in the social sphere») leads to increased anxiety (ANX, r=0.64), hostility (HOS, r=0.53), vulnerability in communication and restriction of social contacts (INT, r=0.51).

The obtained results permitted to work out proposals on psychosocial treatment of patients with BD at the initial stage of the disease. It is necessary to carry out psychoeducation programs as well as trainings aimed at forming a positive self-perception, activating personal resources, increasing communicative competence and maintaining social interaction.

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Gender dysphoria (GD) refers to the marked incongruity between the experience of one’s gender and the sex at birth.

Psychiatric illness is one of the major negative prognostic features for the outcome of GD. In particular, much controversy exists regarding whether individuals with psychotic symptoms should receive gender affirmative treatment.

The present review aims to provide an overview of the current literature of the occurrence of gender dysphoria symptoms during psychotic episodes and identify challenges in differential diagnosis and treatment and offering recommendations to overcome them.

Articles published on the last five years were searched on Medline, PubMed, Web of Science and Springer Link using the following keywords: gender identity, psychosis, gender dysphoria.

Delusions about one’s physical appearance and the desire to change the body can be observed in patients with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders. Therefore, the differential diagnosis is critical for therapeutic planning and effort is required to carry out the necessary diagnostics when articulation of gender dysphoric feelings coincides with the onset of psychosis. It is crucial to evaluate the chronology and dynamics of the individual symptoms, their constancy, patient’s criticism, and response to antipsychotic treatment.

Some presentations of GD can be created by life experience in individuals who have underlying mental or neurophysiological abnormalities. The experiences of practitioners indicate that coincidence of schizophrenia and gender identity disorder is possible, that is why the differential diagnosis needs time, careful observation, examination and cooperation of psychiatrist and sexologist.

This review addresses the significance of understanding each patient’s individual circumstances, focusing specifically on proper physician training and direct patient care.

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Ongoing global conflicts have led to increasing forced migration and displacement. This rising numbers’ trend has fueled discriminatory policies in the EU and UK, resulting in detrimental mental health consequences for refugees and asylum seekers (RAS) caused by post-migration stressors. These policies sharply contrast ratified treaties and conventions based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).

The review examines the infringement of RAS’ right to health, focusing on the mental health consequences of post-migration stressors faced upon arrival in the EU and the UK. It analyses how these post-migration stressors reflect a violation of human rights (HR), tracing the evolution of human rights theory from natural law to contemporary universal principles. It investigates how post-migration stressors exacerbate psychiatric symptoms in an already vulnerable population present in the EU and UK. It seeks to understand whether the EU faces a moral cosmopolitan duty of humanitarianism towards RAS, exploring the ethical and legal obligations of the EU and UK under key international HR frameworks.

A systematic search was conducted across several databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and GoogleScholar. The search comprised keywords such as human rights, cosmopolitanism, health justice, post-migration stressors, refugees and asylum seekers, common european asylum system and mental health. Boolean Operators AND and OR were applied. Exclusion criteria included non-English/German/Italian publications, papers focused on non-european asylum policies or refugee populations outside the EU and UK, and study protocols. Studies were synthesised to provide a comprehensive overview of post-migration stressors in the EU and UK and a philosophical deduction of human rights.

Both the EU and UK violate international HR law by failing to ensure the right to health for RAS. Empirical studies from Greece, Italy, and Germany document that post-migration stressors—such as inadequate housing, poor living conditions, and delays in asylum procedures—exacerbate mental health conditions like depression, post-traumatic-stress disorder, and anxiety. The recent reform of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) demonstrates the gap between legal commitments in international law and current migration policies. This further restricts access to asylum and (mental) healthcare, subjecting RAS to violence and inadequate care.

The EU’s and UK’s political and legal responses violate basic human rights of RAS, particularly their right to health, despite legal commitments to international HR treaties. This further exacerbates mental health conditions in RAS. A human rights-based approach, integrating mental health into migration policies, is crucial to protecting RAS’ dignity and mental health. Until then, the EU and UK will continue to fall short of their moral and legal obligations.

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This presentation will provide an overview of our original studies focusing on the mental health impact of the ongoing war in Ukraine on adolescents. Our studies address critical areas such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, suicidality, and the prevalence of psychiatric conditions, alongside resilience factors among war-affected youth. By synthesizing findings from the studies , the presentation will hilight the substantial psychological burden of the conflict on Ukrainian adolescents and emphasizes the pressing need for targeted mental health interventions. These studies contribute essential insights into the long-term implications of trauma, resilience, and mental health outcomes in conflict-affected populations, informing both research and clinical practice.

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Attachment styles, which describe the patterns of interpersonal relationships formed during early childhood, play a crucial role in shaping individuals’ emotional and social functioning throughout life. Among students at the Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, understanding these attachment styles is particularly relevant, as they can influence academic performance, peer relationships, and overall well-being. Students who experienced adverse childhood events may display heightened anxiety, avoidance, or ambivalence in their relationships, potentially affecting their ability to connect with peers and mentors in the demanding environment of medical education.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of different attachment styles among medical externs using the RSQ scale and to examine the relationship between these attachment styles and childhood trauma.

This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study. It was conducted over a period of five months among students at the Faculty of Medicine of Sfax using an online form that included sociodemographic data, medical history, lifestyle habits and the “Relationship Scale Questionnaire” (RSQ).

The average age was 21.63 years. The distribution of students according to their attachment styles showed that avoidant attachment was the most prevalent (29%, n=150), and women exhibited more ambivalent attachment than men (p=0,031). Ambivalent attachment was significantly associated with sexual orientation (p=0,025).

Students with an ambivalent attachment were more likely to be victims of verbal aggression during childhood (p=0.002), whereas students with a disorganized attachment were more likely to be victims of sexual aggression during childhood (p=0.020).This aligns with other studies that have shown that children who have been victims of abuse are more likely to develop insecure attachment, particularly disorganized attachment.

Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing targeted support systems that promote emotional resilience and healthier relationships within the educational context. The findings suggest that students with insecure attachment styles, often stemming from adverse childhood experiences, may face unique challenges in their academic and social environments. Further research is needed in that area.

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The presentation juxtaposes the practice of psychiatry with the creative processes involved in filmmaking. It proposes a correlation between the representation of reality in film, and the processing of visual information. It is informed by autobiographical case study films written and directed by individuals with experience of psychosis. In-depth analysis of film conventions employed by filmmakers with experience of psychosis indicate the potential benefits of further research into collaboration with, and contributions from, those filmmakers.

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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe and complex mental disorder and a major contributor to disability, health-care costs, and societal expenses worldwide. BPD is associated with considerable functional impairment and high healthcare utilization, often co-occurring with other mental disorders such as depression, substance use disorders, and bipolar disorder, further entangling its presentation. Coupled with the high risk of self-harm and suicidal behaviours, this calls for an evidence-based treatment, with a timely intervention to reduce both individual suffering and intensive care utilization. BPD treatment remains challenging. With its neurobiological underpinnings yet to be fully clarified, no medication is specifically approved for BPD, being psychotherapy approaches the treatment of choice. However, since not all patients respond sufficiently to psychotherapy, further research in this area is of utmost importance.

To assess the impact of a structured mentalization-based therapy (MBT) program on the number and length of psychiatric hospitalizations of patients with a discharge diagnosis of BPD.

An observational retrospective study will be conducted using routinely collected health data from adult patients admitted to the inpatient unit in the psychiatry service of the Unidade Local de Saúde de São João (ULSSJ), a University Hospital in Porto, Portugal. Using data from 2003 to 2023, a 20-year analysis will be performed, allowing for the comparison of hospitalizations before and after the program introduction. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of ULSSJ under the approval n.º 337-23.

The number and length of hospitalizations before and after the implementation of this program will be compared, to evaluate its impact. Findings will be reported using the RECORD guidelines and disseminated via publication in peer-reviewed journals.

With this analysis we expect to enhance the understanding of the impact of psychotherapies on this disorder and, hopefully, demonstrate that implementing a MBT program for BPD patients may lead to a decrease in the number and length of hospitalizations due to BPD, which may be indicative of more effective treatment and lower healthcare costs associated with this disorder.

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Level of functioning is often severely affected in individuals diagnosed with psychosis. Often, negative symptoms have been proposed as an important treatment target to improve functioning. Most research on the topic is conducted in adult samples, but the functional impairments associated in adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders might differentiate from adults. A detailed understanding of the functional impairments and its association to clinical symptoms is important to develop meaningful and effective treatments adjusted to the needs of this young patient group.

The aim of this study is 1) to explore functional capacity across different domains of function, and 2) to examine associations between functioning and clinical symptoms in youth with early-onset psychosis.

The study sample consists of 290 children and adolescent aged 12-17 years with early-onset psychosis included in the OPUS YOUNG trial. All participants’ level of functioning was assessed with the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), ranged 0-100. The level of psychosis symptoms was assessed with Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms in Schizophrenia (SAPS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia (SANS). Data on affective symptoms, duration of untreated psychosis, cognitive functioning, quality of life, and substance use was also collected.

The participants had a mean age of 15.6 (SD=1.6) years and 72% were females. Mean PSP total score was 49.9 (SD=13.8) and most participants had manifest to marked difficulties on the domains Socially useful activities, Personal and social relationships, and Self-care. Few participants had impairments in the domain of Disturbing and aggressive behavior. On average, levels of positive symptoms, negative symptoms, disorganized symptoms, and affective symptoms were of mild severity. Preliminary correlation analyses showed that all symptom categories were statistically significantly associated with PSP total score, and negative symptoms showed the strongest association.

Level of functioning was markedly impaired across most domains while symptom levels were of mild severity in most participants. We suggest that improvement of functioning should be a primary treatment target in parallel with symptom alleviation of this patient group.

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Felt presence (FP) is a phenomenon that might appear in individuals with mental and neurological disorders as well as those without any specific morbidity. Some studies have indicated that FP is closely related to psychotic symptomatology. Yet, the mechanisms underlying its occurrence remain largely unknown.

The present study aimed to investigate whether FP is associated with widely known risk factors of psychosis.

Data from three independent samples of non-clinical young adults were analyzed. Self-reports were administered to assess psychopathological symptoms (samples 1 – 3), neurodevelopmental risk factors for psychosis (sample 1), social defeat components (sample 2), childhood trauma, and loneliness (sample 3). A total of 4782 individuals were surveyed across all three samples.

Unadjusted analyses showed that the following factors are associated with higher odds of FP: obstetric complications, childhood trauma, non-right-handedness, a lower education level, unemployment, minority status, humiliation, perceived constraints, and loneliness. However, only minority status and a lower level of education were associated with higher odds of FP after adjustment for other psychopathological symptoms, age, and gender. Importantly, hallucination-like experiences across all recorded modalities and paranoia were associated with higher odds of FP in all samples. Depressive symptoms were weakly associated with FP in two samples.

Findings from the present study suggest that the majority of known risk factors for psychosis contribute to the emergence of FP through the effects on psychotic experiences. Low educational attainment and minority status might be the only risk factors independently contributing to the emergence of FP.

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In Moldova, telemedicine has emerged as a pivotal intervention in addressing the persistent disparities in mental health care. Geographic isolation, coupled with socio-economic constraints, severely limits access to essential mental health services. The prevalence of mental health disorders is alarming, with approximately 17.34% of the population affected, particularly by anxiety and depression among vulnerable populations. This underscores the urgent need for innovative, scalable solutions. Telemedicine harnesses advanced technology to enhance the availability and continuity of mental health support, particularly in rural areas where traditional services are often inaccessible.

This study investigates the transformative potential of telemedicine in tackling the unique mental health challenges faced by the Moldovan population. It specifically examines how high rates of anxiety and depression, exacerbated by socio-political factors and historical trauma, can be addressed through telemedicine strategies tailored to the local context.

A comprehensive literature review was conducted utilizing PubMed, focusing on studies and systematic reviews published since 2020. This analysis aimed to identify global best practices in telemedicine and evaluate their applicability within Moldova’s socio-cultural and economic landscape. The synthesis of these findings will inform future telemedicine initiatives aimed at improving mental health outcomes.

The findings indicate that telemedicine has significantly enhanced access to mental health services, facilitating timely interventions while reducing the stigma often associated with seeking help. The implementation of remote consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic has been particularly illuminating, demonstrating the effectiveness of telemedicine in maintaining continuity of care for individuals in remote areas who struggle to access traditional mental health services. Furthermore, telemedicine has led to significant reductions in treatment costs, thereby making mental health support more accessible to at-risk populations.

As telemedicine solidifies its role within Moldova’s mental health framework, it promises to enhance public health outcomes and promote a more equitable healthcare environment. Future policy initiatives must prioritize the integration of telemedicine into routine mental health practices. This includes fostering partnerships between healthcare providers, policymakers, and community organizations to ensure that telemedicine solutions are both sustainable and tailored to meet the diverse needs of all patients, particularly those in underserved regions.

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Premature ovarian failure (POF) is manifested by menstrual troubles and menopause symptoms including psychiatric burdens such as depression, anxiety, and decreased perceived psychosocial support. POF predisposes to many health risks, including decreased bone density and early progression of cardiovascular disease. Hormono-therapy of replacement of ovarian sex steroids is indicated until the normal age of natural menopause.

The aim of our work was to study the benefits of increased physical activity and regular exercise in POF women and to show how exercise produces positive biological effects on their psychiatric health through the contribution of the exerkines network.

We conducted a comprehensive review of the scientific literature with the following keywords: Premature ovarian failure (POF), exerkines and psychiatric health.

Increased physical activity and regular exercise are accompanied by the discharge of exerkines that represent an intricate network of signaling molecules or kines released into the systemic circulation during and after exercises. These molecules derived from various tissues (myokines, batokines, etc…) and organs (organokines) such as skeletal muscle, white and brown fats, liver, bones, nervous system, heart, etc…) act in different ways on the body: autocrine, paracrine or endocrine manners. Their roles in metabolic regulation, neuroprotection, and muscle adaptation highlight the importance of physical activity in maintaining health and preventing disease. Generally, it is shown that exercise can positively affect hormonal balance, homeostasis and overall health. It is also reported that physical activities promote stress reduction and hormonal regulation. Consistency and moderation are key to reaping the benefits of exercise for ovarian health. We found no human studies reporting the action of exerkines and myokines in women with POF. Some studies reporting the effects of physical exercise without further details on exerkines were found in women during and before menopause. The relationship between ovarian function and exercise, as well as exerkines levels and proteomics, was non-existent in humans and rare in animal models. Other research indicates that exercise has a positive impact on mental health, improving mood, self-esteem, and reducing stress and anxiety levels, through the improvement of the production of endorphins and neurotransmitters, the mitochondrial function and the hypophyso-hypothalamo–adrenal axis regulation interaction response to stress.

We conclude that human scientific studies in women with ovarian deficiency should now be carried out to investigate the types of exercise to be recommended in these women to improve their mental health. These studies should benefit from next-generation technologies such as proteomics and interactomics.

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it is indisputable that against the backdrop of the popularity of various addictions among patients with schizophrenia, a joint study of the clinical and pathomorphological deformation of two nosologically phenomena of paranoid schizophrenia and, depending on modern drugs that are gaining popularity, synthetic cannabinoids in various ethnoterritorial groups is relevant.

to study the ethnoterritorial features of paranoid schizophrenia, comorbid with the abuse of synthetic cannabinoids, clinical dynamics, behaviour, and adaptation.

follow-up, clinical-psychopathological methods (PANS, SANS, CGI, MMPI, CGI, STAI, LSI, TPA, ICD-10), statistical (Python 3.11.0).

of the examination of 193 patients (aged from 18 to 35 years): 142 – patients with paranoid schizophrenia dependent on synthetic cannabinoids F20.xx+F12.2xx and 51 – F20.xx without drug addiction. The study took place from 2018 to 2024 in the database of psychiatric institutions in Russia - Tomsk region, St. Petersburg, Noyabrsk and Nizhnevartovsk.

The leading position among patients with schizophrenia who use synthetic cannabinoids in the temperate continental climate zone of Russia was occupied by such ethnic groups as the hierarchy: Russians, Tatars; Uzbeks; Germans; Azerbaijanis, and Armenians.

The phenomenon of abuse of synthetic cannabinoids leads to the development of diseases. Persistent exogenous visual and delirious disorders are included in the complex of symptoms of exacerbation of schizophrenia; A new symptom of pseudohallucinoids appears - thought disorders of an associative (fantasy) disease that arose against the background of long-term exogenous (toxic) effects of the drug on the subject type, usually against the background of a primary endogenous schizophrenic process

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Measuring biology is considered the cornerstone of diagnosis in medicine. For example, we have blood tests to diagnose auto-immune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. Also, cancer patients with, for example, colon cancer, will receive personalized treatments following biomarker diagnostics of their tumor. In contrast, current classification methodologies for mental disorders are based on signs and symptoms. These classification systems provide a uniform language to assess psychiatric and neurological disorders across the globe. Clinicians use these diagnoses to communicate with their patients and with other clinicians, and to request, when applicable, reimbursement from payers. Unfortunately, currently available psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies work only in a small proportion of patients within these diagnostic categories. This clinical heterogeneity in treatment response within diagnostic categories is likely explained by biological variation between patients that is not being accounted for in the current classification system for mental disorders. In addition, there is transdiagnostic overlap allowing for novel opportunities to develop innovative quantitative biological endpoints and treatments beyond the current diagnostic framework. The European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) New Frontiers meeting 2024 addressed these issues, and indicated a high need for a biology-informed framework to establish more precise diagnosis and treatment for mental disorders. The ECNP, following the 2024 New Frontiers Meeting, is coordinating a global initiative to design and implement a Precision Psychiatry Roadmap. By mobilizing resources and harmonizing translational methodologies and datasets, the aim is to discuss, design, and implement an iterative framework that incorporates biology-informed evidence into symptom-based syndromes, allowing for more discovery and implementation of mechanism-based effective treatments for mental disorders.

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Prior studies have shown contradicting results regarding adrenal gland volume (AGV) in depressed patients, with some reporting significant enlargement and others not.

The aim of this study was to retrospectively compare CT image segmentations of the adrenal glands in patients with depression to a control group with stringent exclusion criteria to minimize confounding factors.

We included patients diagnosed with depression (ICD-10: F32/33) who underwent abdominal CT imaging between 2012 and 2022 and did not have any other psychiatric disorders. Diagnoses that could potentially influence AGV were excluded. The resulting 31 depressed patients were compared to a matching control group of 31 patients without depression. The AGV was manually segmented in thin-sliced reconstructions (≤1 mm).

Total AGV in the depressed group was 6.78 (5.19-7.56) cm3 compared to 6.90 (5.54-10.05) cm3 in the control group. There was no significant difference in AGV between the two groups after adjusting for age, height, and weight. A positive correlation was observed between AGV and height (r=0.41, p<0.001) and weight (r=0.52, p<0.001). Males showed significantly larger AGV than females (p≤0.001), and left AGV was significantly larger than right AGV (p<0.001). Patients within the depressed group who underwent imaging after a suicide attempt showed larger total AGV compared to the control group, though not statistically significant.

AGV is not increased in the well-selected cohort of depressed patients in this study, which contrasts with some previous reports in literature. Further multi-centric studies are required to identify potentially influencing factors such as attempted suicide.

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International Medical Graduates add up to nearly one-third (23-28%) of the total physician workforce in the US, the UK, Australia, and Canada, of which around 40%-75% are from low-income countries. Pakistan is one of the three leading source countries following India and the Philippines. As per 2002 statistics by the Bureau of Emigration and Foreign Employment, only 10-15% of emigrated Pakistani physicians repatriate. No official data on the exact number of repatriated Pakistani physicians are available. This is the first original study that assessed satisfaction with life in physicians repatriating to a lower-middle-income country.

To assess satisfaction with life (SWL) and its correlation with psychological well-being in foreign-trained, repatriated Pakistani physicians.

We conducted this cross-sectional study from April’22 to Nov’23, through purposive sampling among foreign-trained Pakistani physicians who repatriated at least three months before participating. We used the Scale of Positive and Negative Emotions (SPANE), Flourishing Scale, and Satisfaction with Life (SWL) scale. After transforming data to normality in SPSS 25 through the Distribution Fraction method, the independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA were applied. We assessed the correlation between affect balance, flourishing, and SWL through Pearson’s correlation and ascertained the predictors of SWL through binary logistic regression (α=0.05).

Of 109 respondents, the majority (70.6%) were males, from Punjab (83.5%), trained in USA/Canada (68.8%), and from the private sector (69.7%), with a Mean±SD age of 47.31±7.9. The total Mean ± SD SWL scores were 27.48± 5.03. 99 (90.8%) were satisfied with life while only 9.2% weren’t. The currently married respondents (27.8±4.9 vs 24.6±5.4, p=0.04) while those from Sindh and KPK provinces had lower scores. We found a positive moderate correlation between SWL and flourishing (r=0.488), positive emotions (r=0.391), and affect balance (r=0.327) all at p=<0.001. We found good fitness of the final model with SWL as the outcome variable and Flourishing and Overall Affect Balance as predictors: Omnibus Tests of Model Coefficients (p=0.001) and Hosmer and Lemeshow tests (p=0.322). Only flourishing predicted SWL and with higher perceived flourishing, there were 1.3x higher odds of SWL.

This is the pioneer study to have addressed SWL and its correlation with psychological well-being in repatriated physicians, who using their skill sets and expertise, may help strengthen the healthcare system of the lower-middle income countries of origin, hence it’s imperative to identify factors linked to their psychological well-being. We recommend further research on this particularly qualitative exploration.

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Although there is good empirical data on factors that predict harmful outcomes, and standardised approaches to risk assessment have been developed, there remains a disconnect between the academic study of risk and routine clinical practice. This is exemplified by (i) the outstanding uncertainty about how to use predictive models for everyday clinical decision-making, and (ii) the use of predictive methodology to test tools that eschew prediction. The disconnect is, in part, a consequence of the varied use of the notion of ‘risk’ within and between academia and clinical practice.

To derive a more nuanced understanding of the meaning of ‘risk’ in clinical practice.

After reading clinical vignettes, participants (all practising clinicians, n=18) took part in semi-structured interviews regarding clinical decision-making. The interview transcripts were subject to thematic analysis using a novel approach to the analysis of ideas in expressed language (in this case the idea of ‘risk’) which draws on philosophical and intellectual history methodologies (derived from the work of Wittgenstein, and Skinner respectively).

The use of risk by participants varied according to the extent and type of its spatial location (figure 1).

In many cases, ‘risk’ was used in a disembodied (i.e., dislocated) way (e.g., ‘what is the risk,’ ‘risk will increase’).

When locatable, it was evident that participants located risk in:

1. a) the patient (e.g., ‘the patient’s risk’) which was sometimes qualified by the type of harm envisaged (e.g., ‘his risk involved hurting staff’);

2. b) clinical activity (e.g., risk assessment, positive risk-taking, risk management);

3. c) the clinician (e.g., risk tolerances and thresholds); and

4. d) the system (e.g., ‘our system is… quite risk averse,’ ‘who holds the risk’).

Image:

This study demonstrates the varied use of ‘risk’ in practice. By empirically delineating the different expressed forms ‘risk’ takes in clinicians’ language (and thinking), the findings of this study can inform (i) the development of risk study methodologies that are more applicable to practice, and (ii) improvements in clinical practice by clarifying how risk can be understood and spoken about.

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Stigmatization has been associated with unfavorable outcomes for individuals with mental illnesses, as it acts as a barrier to seeking help and achieving age-appropriate functional goals. Among mental disorders, people with schizophrenia are most frequently stigmatized, followed by those with alcohol-related disorders, substance use disorders, and depressive disorders.

Substance use disorders have often been viewed as stigmatizing conditions

To assess perceived stigmatization and its consequences among patients followed and hospitalized for the management of opioid use disorder in the addiction service at Arrazi Psychiatric Hospital in Salé.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study using a questionnaire that includes sociodemographic and clinical criteria, as well as an assessment of perceived stigmatization among patients followed and hospitalized for the management of opioid use disorders in the addiction service at Arrazi Psychiatric Hospital in Salé.

Perceived stigmatization was measured using the Perceived Stigma of Addiction Scale (PSAS). This scale consists of 8 items measuring perceived stigma among substance users.

patients of both sexes, aged 18 to 65, diagnosed with opioid use disorder.

A total of 72 responses were retained. Approximately 60% were male, the majority lived with their families, and about 85% were unemployed. Codeine and tramadol were the most commonly used substances, while heroin was less prevalent. Psychiatric comorbidity was present in about the majority of participants (anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, personality disorder, and 2% with psychosis).

The mean (standard deviation) score of the perceived stigma scale for the study population was 21.23. The mean perceived stigma score was significantly associated with the place of residence, with significantly higher perceived stigma found in participants living alone. Stigmatization was also higher depending on the route of opioid administration and was correlated with the participants‘ socio-economic status.

The study suggests that stigma is a major concern among patients with opioid use disorders. Further research is needed to assess the relationship between stigma and the extent of substance use, personality factors, treatment-seeking behaviors, and its impact on quality of life. Studies could evaluate the evolution and trajectory of stigma throughout treatment in order to develop interventions that could help address the issue of stigma in mental health.

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Delirium is a severe neurocognitive condition marked by acute, fluctuating disruptions in attention, awareness, and cognition, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Despite its impact, there is currently no definitive pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment for delirium (cf. American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Recognizing and managing delirium early is crucial to prevent long-term consequences. However, there is an international lack of consensus regarding the division of responsibilities in delirium care among physicians and advanced practice nurses (APNs).

Distribution of tasks between physicians and nurses in delirium management: „where everyone is responsible, no one is responsible

An international systematic literature review investigated the task distribution between advanced practice nurses (APNs) and physicians. The review focused on publications retrieved from PubMed and CINAHL databases.

From the initial systematic literature search, 395 articles were identified. Following the PRISMA statement (cf. Page et al., 2021) criteria, 30 articles were selected for analysis. Utilizing MAXQDA® (Release 2022.6) and qualitative content analysis, the literature was examined across categories such as physical examination, delirium screening, ordering pharmacological tests, treatment, psychoeducation on delirium. or procedures, diagnosis, non pharmacological treatment, and

Our systematic review revealed the absence of international guidelines for defining task distribution between physicians and nurses, particularly advanced practice nurses (APNs), in delirium care. We propose that research defining the roles among these experts will create synergies in delirium management which result in better recognition and management of delirium. Future research will test this hypothesis

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