Chapter 16 covers an introduction to multiple regression and includes the following specific topics, among others: confidence intervals, statistical significance of the b weight, fit of the overall regression Eeuation, R and R-squared, adjusted R-squared, semipartial correlation, partial slope, confounding, and statistical control.

Chapter 17 covers two-way interactions in multiple regression and includes the following specific topics, among others: two-way interaction, first-order effects, main effects, interaction effects, model selection, AIC, BIC, and probing interactions.

Chapter 7 covers probability fundamentals and includes the following specific topics, among others: the discrete case, additive rules of probability, complement rule of probability, multiplicative rule of probability, conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem, and the law of large numbers.

In this chapter we discuss the application of entanglement to quantum optical interferometry and to quantum information processing. Quantum random number generation is discussed. Quantum cryptography is discussed, as is quantum computing. The quantum optical realization of some quantum gates is discussed.

Chapter 9 covers the role of sampling in inferential statistics and includes the following specific topics, among others: samples and populations, random samples, simple random sampling, sampling with and without replacement, sampling distributions, the sampling distribution of means, The central limit theorem, estimators and bias.

Chapter 12 covers an introduction to research design and includes the following specific topics, among others: descriptive, relational, and causal research studies, blocking, quasi-experimental designs, threats to internal validity, and threats to external validity.

In this chapter we discuss experiments in cavity QED and ion traps. We first discuss the nature of Rydberg atoms which are used in cavity QED experiments. The experimental realization of the Jaynes––Cummings model is discussed, as are the generation of Schrödinger-cat states in dispersive atom––field interactions in cavity QED. The quantum non-demolition measurement is discussed. The realization of the Jaynes––Cummings model in the context of trapped ions is discussed.

Chapter 5 covers the relationship between two variables and includes the following specific topics, among others: scatterplots, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, the point biserial correlation coefficient, the phi coefficient, and visual displays of bivariate relationships.

Chapter 2 covers univariate distributions and includes the following specific topics, among others: frequency and percent distribution tables, bar charts, pie charts, stem-and-leaf displays, histograms, line graphs, shape of a distribution, cumulative percent. Distributions, Percentiles, Percentile Ranks, and Boxplots.

Chapter 1 provides an introdution to the study of statistics and covers the following specific topics among others: statistical software in data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics, measurement of variables, and an introduction to the Stata software package.

In this chapter we first describe the experiments of Grangier et al., which gave clear evidence of anti-correlation effects and of the interference effects where only a single photon is involved. We then provide a fully quantum mechanical treatment of a lossless beam splitter. Interferometry with single photons is then treated fully quantum mechanically. Interaction-free measurement is then discussed, followed by interferometry with coherent states of light. Next, the SU(2) formulation of beam splitters and interferometers is discussed.