Defines economic regulation and explains the importance of economic regulation to modern life. It also describes the changes from the first edition and the structure of the book

This chapter complements Chapter 14 of Government Accountability: Australian Administrative Law, third edition. The grounds of review in this chapter arise as a matter of general presumption or implication, unless excluded by statute. The extracts relate to the grounds of improper purpose, acting under dictation and inflexible application of policy, unreasonableness, irrationality/illogicality, and no evidence. Several of these cases illustrate the interplay between different grounds of review.

Describes the characteristics of digital platforms and the debates about the need for regulation of such platforms. Also sets out the policies that have been introduced in different jurisdictions

This chapter complements Chapter 8 of Government Accountability: Australian Administrative Law, third edition. This chapter provides perspectives on tribunal independence and the relationship of tribunals to primary decision-makers. These perspectives give readers the tools to understand and evaluate the characteristics of individual tribunals, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of merits review by a tribunal. The second section of the chapter highlights pivotal moments in the development of Australia’s system of administrative tribunals at the Commonwealth and state/territory level respectively. Key government reports – starting with the Kerr Committee’s seminal 1971 contribution – and commentary provide snapshots of how tribunals have been considered at their inception, during their operation, and after amalgamation. The chapter concludes with extracts from landmark High Court cases explaining the role of merits review tribunals.

To motivate the introduction of four component spinors for spin-1/2 particles, it is instructive to compare real and complex scalar fields that describe spin-0 particles. Consider a free scalar field theory with two real, mass-degenerate scalar fields ${\varphi }_1\left(x\right)$ and ${\varphi }_2\left(x\right)$.

Describes the rationale for economic regulators and discusses the historical development of these institutions . Also discusses co-regulatory arrangements and the question of regulatory oversight

Supersymmetry can be given a geometric interpretation using superspace, a manifold obtained by adding four fermionic coordinates to the usual bosonic spacetime coordinates $t,x,y,z$. Points in superspace are labeled by coordinates

This chapter complements Chapter 3 in Government Accountability: Australian Administrative Law, third edition, which investigates the various classes of executive power, both statutory and non-statutory. The vast majority of executive power is conferred by statute. The extracts emphasise the importance of statutory interpretation when establishing the scope of express and implied powers. The final two extracts consider prerogative power.

Discusses the regulatory principles for access pricing and for regulating multi-sided markets. Considers how access pricing affects investment, and the merits of vertical and horizontal separation

Discusses alternatives to traditional economic regulation, including competition for the market, contestability, state ownership, reliance on competition law, deregulation and negotiated agreements

Sets out principles for the regulation of the natural monopolistic (core network) activities of an industry, including marginal cost, average cost, peak load and Ramsey pricing

This chapter complements Chapter 9 of Government Accountability: Australian Administrative Law, third edition. It introduces the concepts of statutory appeal on questions of law, statutory construction, and judicial review. The sources set out the framework for judicial review at state and Commonwealth level. The sources consider the foundations of the courts’ jurisdiction to review the decision-making processes of inferior courts and the executive government, and the concepts of jurisdictional error and error of law on the face of the record.

Concludes and draws out some general themes or messages about modern economic regulation