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31 results

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  • Screening for participants in the ISCHEMIA trial: Implications for clinical research

  • Fatima Rodriguez, Judith S. Hochman, Yifan Xu, Harmony R. Reynolds, Jeffrey S. Berger, Stavroula Mavromichalis, Jonathan D. Newman, Sripal Bangalore, David J. Maron
  • Journal:
    Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 6 / Issue 1 / 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 July 2022, e90
    • Article
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      • Open access
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  • The International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) found that there was no statistical difference in cardiovascular events with an initial invasive strategy as compared with an initial conservative strategy of guideline-directed medical therapy for patients with moderate to severe ischemia on noninvasive testing. In this study, we describe the reasons that potentially eligible patients who were screened for participation in the ISCHEMIA trial did not advance to enrollment, the step prior to randomization. Of those who preliminarily met clinical inclusion criteria on screening logs submitted during the enrollment period, over half did not participate due to physician or patient refusal, a potentially modifiable barrier. This analysis highlights the importance of physician equipoise when advising patients about participation in randomized controlled trials.

Grasslands and Climate Change
  • Edited by David J. Gibson, Jonathan A. Newman
  • Published online:
    22 March 2019
    Print publication:
    21 March 2019
  • Grasslands are the most extensive terrestrial biome on Earth and are critically important for forage, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. This book brings together an international team of researchers to review scientific knowledge of the effects of climate change on world grasslands, a process we are only just starting to understand. Part I assesses how climate change will impact on the distribution of grasslands, as well as production, biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem services. Part II considers the consequences for the spread of invasive species, demographic change, trophic-level relationships, soil biota, and evolutionary change within grassland biodiversity. Part III proposes how ecologists can respond to climate change effects, focusing on grazing systems, cultural ecology, range management, and restoration. The concluding chapter sets grasslands in the context of the Anthropocene era and identifies the vital research and conservation needs for grassland ecosystems to remain environmentally sustainable under climate change.

  • The prevalence and treatment outcomes of antineuronal antibody-positive patients admitted with first episode of psychosis

  • James G. Scott, David Gillis, Alex E. Ryan, Hethal Hargovan, Nagaraj Gundarpi, Gemma McKeon, Sean Hatherill, Martin P. Newman, Peter Parry, Kerri Prain, Sue Patterson, Richard C. W. Wong, Robert J. Wilson, Stefan Blum
  • Journal:
    BJPsych Open / Volume 4 / Issue 2 / March 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 March 2018, pp. 69-74
    • Article
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  • Background

    Antineuronal antibodies are associated with psychosis, although their clinical significance in first episode of psychosis (FEP) is undetermined.

    Aims

    To examine all patients admitted for treatment of FEP for antineuronal antibodies and describe clinical presentations and treatment outcomes in those who were antibody positive.

    Method

    Individuals admitted for FEP to six mental health units in Queensland, Australia, were prospectively tested for serum antineuronal antibodies. Antibody-positive patients were referred for neurological and immunological assessment and therapy.

    Results

    Of 113 consenting participants, six had antineuronal antibodies (anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies [n = 4], voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies [n = 1] and antibodies against uncharacterised antigen [n = 1]). Five received immunotherapy, which prompted resolution of psychosis in four.

    Conclusions

    A small subgroup of patients admitted to hospital with FEP have antineuronal antibodies detectable in serum and are responsive to immunotherapy. Early diagnosis and treatment is critical to optimise recovery.

    Declaration of interest

    None.

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