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68 results

Page 1 of 4

  • Everyday Pain in Middle and Later Life: Associations with Daily and Momentary Present-Moment Awareness as One Key Facet of Mindfulness

  • Theresa Pauly, Anna Nicol, Jennifer C. Lay, Maureen C. Ashe, Denis Gerstorf, Peter Graf, Wolfgang Linden, Kenneth M. Madden, Atiya Mahmood, Rachel A. Murphy, Christiane A. Hoppmann
  • Journal:
    Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement / Volume 42 / Issue 4 / December 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 August 2023, pp. 621-630
    • Article
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  • This study investigated everyday associations between one key facet of mindfulness (allocating attention to the present moment) and pain. In Study 1, 89 community-dwelling adults (33–88 years; Mage = 68.6) who had experienced a stroke provided 14 daily end-of-day present-moment awareness and pain ratings. In Study 2, 100 adults (50–85 years; Mage = 67.0 years) provided momentary present-moment awareness and pain ratings three times daily for 10 days. Multi-level models showed that higher trait present-moment awareness was linked with lower overall pain (both studies). In Study 1, participants reported less pain on days on which they indicated higher present-moment awareness. In Study 2, only individuals with no post-secondary education reported less pain in moments when they indicated higher present-moment awareness. Findings add to previous research using global retrospective pain measures by showing that present-moment awareness might correlate with reduced pain experiences, assessed close in time to when they occur.

Genetically Modified Organisms in Developing Countries
  • Risk Analysis and Governance
  • Edited by Ademola A. Adenle, E. Jane Morris, Denis J. Murphy
  • Published online:
    05 July 2017
    Print publication:
    09 June 2017
  • Bringing together the ideas of experts from around the world, this incisive text offers cutting-edge perspectives on the risk analysis and governance of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), supporting effective and informed decision-making in developing countries. Comprised of four comprehensive sections, this book covers: integrated risk analysis and decision making, giving an overview of the science involved and examining risk analysis methods that impact decision-making on the release of GMOs, particularly in developing countries; diversification of expertise involved in risk analysis and practical ways in which the lack of expertise in developing countries can be overcome; risk analysis based regulatory systems and how they can be undermined by power relationships and socio-political interests, as well as strategies for improving GMO policy development and regulatory decision-making; and case studies from developing countries providing lessons based on real-world experience that can inform our current thinking.

  • 1 - Introduction

  • Edited by Ademola A. Adenle, Colorado State University, E. Jane Morris, University of Leeds, Denis J. Murphy, University of South Wales
  • Book:
    Genetically Modified Organisms in Developing Countries
    Published online:
    05 July 2017
    Print publication:
    09 June 2017, pp 1-10

  • Summary

    The introductory chapter to the book sets the scene by explaining the need for increased agricultural production in developing countries to meet the needs of a growing population. One of the technologies that could help achieve this aim is the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as well as some other new breeding techniques that are now challenging the definition of what is meant by a GMO. However, the introduction of appropriate regulation and governance of GMOs in developing countries is in many cases proving challenging and preventing their successful introduction. The chapter outlines some of the regulatory issues at international level that are impacting on the situation in developing countries. The introductory chapter outlines the structure of the book, which is divided into four main sections: Risk analysis methodology and decision making; Diversification of expertise; Risk analysis based regulatory systems; and Case studies from developing countries. A brief introduction to each of the following chapters in the book is provided.

  • 2 - Recent Scientific Developments in Genetic Technologies: Implications for Future Regulation of GMOs in Developing Countries

  • from Part I - Risk Analysis Methodology and Decision-Making
  • Edited by Ademola A. Adenle, Colorado State University, E. Jane Morris, University of Leeds, Denis J. Murphy, University of South Wales
  • Book:
    Genetically Modified Organisms in Developing Countries
    Published online:
    05 July 2017
    Print publication:
    09 June 2017, pp 13-25

  • Summary

    Transgenic organisms, also known as GMOs, were first created in for agricultural applications in the 1980s and the first GM crops were grown commercially in the early 1990s. GM crop cultivation on a wide scale started in 1996 and they are now grown on about 108 million hectares worldwide, with just over half of this area being in developing countries. These crops can be regarded as constituting the 'first generation' of GM technology that normally relies on gene transfer via Agrobacterium or biolistic methods. Since the 2010s, a new generation of technologies such as gene editing have started to be introduced for the more rapid and precise manipulation of both crop and livestock genomes. These new technologies are already leading to a reconsideration of current regulatory processes in Europe and North America that may result in less onerous procedures and easier pathways to market for such organisms. Inevitably these developments will impact on developing countries and may mark a watershed for the introduction of improved crop and livestock varieties over the coming years.

  • 25 - Conclusions and Recommendations

  • from Part IV - Case Studies from Developing Countries
  • Edited by Ademola A. Adenle, Colorado State University, E. Jane Morris, University of Leeds, Denis J. Murphy, University of South Wales
  • Book:
    Genetically Modified Organisms in Developing Countries
    Published online:
    05 July 2017
    Print publication:
    09 June 2017, pp 294-300

  • Summary

    The concluding chapter starts by contextualizing the GMO debate within the context of the need for sustainable agricultural intensification and the challenge of meeting the Sustainable Development Goals. It discusses some of the key messages that arise from the preceding chapters. These include the fact that genetically improved crops that are locally important for developing countries have not yet been successful in reaching the market place, in considerable measure due to strict risk-averse legislation founded on the Precautionary Principle on which the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is based. While there is excessive focus on risk, the benefits of the technology are generally not being considered by regulators, and are not being adequately communicated to the public. The situation is not helped by the focus on process-based legislation (focusing on the genetic modification) rather than on the nature of the resulting product. Developing countries continue to need appropriately focused capacity development to enable them to adequately deal with these issues.The chapter concludes with a set of recommendations for scientists, government officials, donors, the media and international bodies, which we believe would help to break the current impasse in the introduction of GMOs.

  • Clinical and Biochemical Heterogeneity in an Italian Family with CPT II Deficiency due to Ser 113 Leu Mutation

  • Mubeen F. Rafay, E. Gordon Murphy, J. Denis McGarry, Petra Kaufmann, Salvatore DiMauro, Ingrid Tein
  • Journal:
    Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 32 / Issue 3 / August 2005
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 December 2014, pp. 316-320
    • Article
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  • Background:

    Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder which presents with recurrent myoglobinuria. Heterozygotes are usually asymptomatic.

    Methods:

    We correlate the clinical, biochemical and molecular features of a family in which the proband is homozygous for CPT II deficiency, due to the common Ser 113 Leu mutation.

    Results:

    The 20-year-old female proband presented at age three years with episodic myalgia and myoglobinuria, elevated creatine kinase (CK) of 3600 IU/L and had a 33% residual CPT II activity in cultured skin fibroblasts. Her 25-year-old dizygotic twin brothers presented with muscle stiffness following prolonged exercise but no overt pigmenturia and had interictal CKs up to 662 IU/L. Her parents and a 13-year-old brother are asymptomatic. An elder sister, not investigated, had recurrent pigmenturia and died at eight years with myoglobinuria. Molecular analysis revealed that the proband is homozygous for the Ser 113 Leu mutation. Her parents are heterozygotes with CPT II activities of 55% to 70%. Her younger brother is normal with 83% activity. The symptomatic twin brothers are heterozygous but demonstrated unexpectedly low CPT II activities of 40%, which may explain their phenotype.

    Conclusion:

    We postulate that there may be genetic, environmental and sex hormonal factors accounting for this manifesting heterozygosity and biochemical heterogeneity in CPT II deficiency.

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
  • Societal Context and the Future of Agriculture
  • Denis Murphy
  • Published online:
    07 May 2010
    Print publication:
    28 August 2007
  • This comprehensive 2007 survey of modern plant breeding traces its history from the earliest experiments at the dawn of the scientific revolution in the seventeenth century to the present day and the existence of high tech agribusiness. Murphy tells the story from the perspective of a scientist working in this field, offering a rationale and evidence-based insight into its development. Crop improvement is examined from both a scientific and socio-economic perspective and the ways in which these factors interact and impact on agricultural development are discussed, including debates on genetically-modified food. Murphy highlights concerns over the future of plant breeding, as well as potential options to enable us to meet the challenges of feeding the world in the 21st century. This thoroughly interdisciplinary and balanced account serves as an essential resource for everyone involved with plant breeding research, policy and funding, as well as those wishing to engage with current debates.

  • Lymphocyte numbers in endogenous depression

  • Denis Murphy, Robert Gardner, John F. Greden, Bernard J. Carroll
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 17 / Issue 2 / May 1987
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 July 2009, pp. 381-385

  • The blood counts of 80 patients with depression were examined (50 unipolar, 30 bipolar). Many had reduced numbers of circulating lymphocytes. This abnormality was more common in the unipolar group (52%) than in the bipolar group (27%). When those patients with an abnormal dexamethasone suppression test response in both groups were compared, the relative and absolute lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in unipolars. Although cortisol hypersecretion may reduce lymphocyte numbers it is not yet clear whether the findings can be satisfactorily explained in this way.

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