The influence of sexual hormones on mental disorders have been extensively reported. In fact, recent studies suggest that sex hormones may play a relevant role in the pathophysiology of psychosis, may be a precipitant when exogenously administered or even be used as a treatment agent of psychotic disorders.

To describe the case of a patient with a recent diagnosis of delusional disorder (DD) with an onset in the perimenopausal period.

Case report and narrative review focused on the impact of sexual hormones on depressive symptoms and alcohol use comorbidity during perimenopause in DD women by using PubMed database.

Case report: A 48-year-old woman diagnosed with DD. The clinical assessment of climacteric symptoms, as well as the gonadotropins (elevated levels of follicle-stimulating hormone -FSH- and luteinizing hormone -LH-) and estrogen levels monitoring (variations on 17-β-estradiol -E2-) enabled to link the endocrine changes with the onset and course of the psychiatric disorder. During the development of the disease, the patient also presented comorbid depressive symptoms and alcohol use disorder. Review: Estrogen depletion seems to increase the risk of psychosis, while scientific literature is not conclusive in establishing a definitive relationship between depressive symptoms and hormonal imbalance in DD. Alcohol use disorder is a common comorbidity in both perimenopausal women and patients with DD.

Multiaxial management of the case helped clinicians to achieve clinical stabilization. Sex differences as well as hormonal pattern disturbances should receive special attention due to the seminal implications in pharmacotherapy and clinical outcomes.

No significant relationships.

Over the last decades, antipsychotic plasma levels have been used to evaluate therapeutic response, adherence and safety of antipsychotics in schizophrenia. Their clinical utility in delusional disorder (DD) has been poorly studied.

To investigate the relationship between plasma concentrations of risperidone (R), 9-OH-risperidone (9-OH-R) and olanzapine (OLZ), and clinical outcomes in DD.

Case-series of inpatients and outpatients with DD receiving treatment with risperidone (n=19) or olanzapine (n=2). Determination of R, 9-OH-R (active metabolite) and OLZ levels were obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Clinical variables such as treatment response or adverse events were recorded for all patients. These variables were correlated with two plasmatic ratios in patients treated with R: R:9-OH-R concentration ratio and total concentration-to-dose (C: D) ratio, indicating CYP2D6 activity and R elimination respectively.

Twenty-one patients were included: inpatients (n=10) and outpatients (n=11). Dose range: R, 1-6 mg/day; OLZ, 5-10 mg/day. Three outpatients (R, n=2; OLZ, n=1) presented antipsychotic levels under the detection limit (non-adherence). All R patients showed CYP2D6 activity (R: 9-OH-R ratio <1). Eight patients presented C: D > 14, indicating a reduction of R elimination, which was associated with poor clinical response (n=3), adverse events (n=3) and no clinical relevance (n=2). OLZ (n=2), no association between levels and clinical outcomes.

The determination of antipsychotic plasma levels may be of clinical utility in the assessment of treatment resistance, antipsychotic-adverse events or non-adherence in inpatients or outpatients with DD. Therapeutic drug monitoring should be further studied in future works.

AGR has received honoraria, registration for congresses and/or travel costs from Janssen, Lundbeck-Otsuka and Angelini.

Prevalence rates of panic attacks have been reported to be around 24-63% in psychotic patients. Common underlying biological substrates for panic and paranoia have been proposed, suggesting that delusional disorder (DD) may be preceded by the development of anxiety disorders.

The main objective of this study was to investigate anxiety comorbidity in DD. As a second objective, we set ourselves to know prescription rates for the use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines in anxiety disorders in the context of DD.

A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed (1980- September 2020) according to the PRISMA guidelines. The following search terms were used: (delusional disorder) AND (anxiety OR anxiety disorder OR anxi*). Research studies and case reports were included if they met the following criteria: DD diagnosis (DSM, ICD), publication in peer-review journal and investigations containing information on anxiety comorbidity in DD.

Four studies fulfilled our criteria, including 155 patients: 65 (42%) women, mean age 42.7 years (SD:14.96). Thirty-three of the 155 patients (21.29%) presented at least one comorbid anxiety disorder: 14 specific phobias, 9 panic attacks, 5 social phobias and 2 agoraphobias. Treatment was not reported for many patients (n= 28). Four patients received fluoxetine and 1 patient benzodiazepines. All of them showed partial improvement of symptoms.

Less than a third of DD patients showed an anxiety disorder. The effectiveness of antidepressant and benzodiazepine treatment has been poorly described. Future studies may be focused on the investigation of preceding comorbid anxiety disorders in patients with DD.

Several neuroimaging studies on psychosis spectrum have been published in the last decades, most of them based on schizophrenia. In the context of neuroanatomical dysfunctions, clinical and prognosis implications have been reported. Nevertheless, only a few studies have been focused on delusional disorder (DD).

To present the case of a patient diagnosed with DD who suffered from two cerebrovascular events after the onset of the psychiatric disease. Our aim is to elucidate potential implications of those lesions on the course of DD. We also reviewed the literature to assess evidence for specific changes in DD on brain structures and functions.

Case report and non-systematic narrative review in PubMed (2000-2020).

Case report: A 66-year-old female with DD presenting, during the course of the disease, general atrophy and consecutive ischemic lesions on parietal, occipital and cerebellar areas. Clinical stabilization was achieved 12-16 months after risperidone 1.5mg/day treatment. Review: 19 studies were included: Structural brain data (n=15), Functional data (n=13). Most of the structural neuroimaging studies reported white and gray matter abnormalities, particularly in temporal, parietal and frontal lobes, and in limbic structures. Functional neuroimaging studies pointed to temporal and parietal lobes, as well as basal ganglia and limbic related structures.

Temporal, parietal, frontal, basal ganglia and limbic-related structures, as well as dysfunctions in other specific brain regions, may be implicated in the core symptoms of DD. These findings might be further investigated as potential neuroimaging markers of prognosis, such as partial or delayed response to antipsychotic treatment, as presented in our case.

Treatment response in schizophrenia can be influenced by cultural and ethno-biological factors. However, in delusional disorder (DD), these potential influences have been poorly investigated.

This review aims to synthesize what is known about the influence that cultural and biological factors may have on treatment response in DD.

A systematic review was performed on PubMed from inception to 2020 in keeping with PRISMA directives. Search terms: [(cultural OR ethnic* OR ethno*) AND (treatment OR therap* OR antipsychotic response) AND (delusional disorder)]. We included all studies whose objective was to explore ethno-psychopharmacological aspects of treatment response in DD.

A total of 182 papers were retrieved. Four studies tested ethno-biological factors and 10 reported cultural aspects of treatment response in DD. 1. Cultural hypothesis: 3 studies reported cultural differences in diagnostic practices; in 2 studies, culturally-determined long durations of untreated psychosis (DUP) and comorbidity with mood disorders was associated with response to both antipsychotics (AP) and antidepressants (AD); 3 studies reported that response and AP dose were similar among cultures and that culturally-sensitive psychotherapy improved adherence; 2 studies showed that, where women had poor access to health care, mortality rates were high. 2. Ethno-biological hypothesis: 1 study reviewed moderators and mediators of ethno-specific treatment response; 1 study presented a culture-bound syndrome (Taijin kyofusho) for which AD were found effective; 2 studies in diverse populations found that DD and schizophrenia were both significantly linked to HLA genes.

The sociodemographic profile of DD is consistent across various cultures and, when treated appropriately, responds, but in an ethno-culturally-specific manner.

No significant relationships.

Day care programs have been extensively used to treat people with acute psychiatric disorders. Day hospitals (DH) can act as an alternative to admission in patients with acute symptoms, shorten the duration of admission, be useful for rehabilitation and maintenance care or enhance treatment in patients with poor adherence to outpatient care. Few research has been conducted in delusional disorder (DD).

To investigate whether DH care increases adherence with psychiatric appointments in patients with DD. To describe functions of partial hospitalization in DD.

Comparative study including DD patients who attended a DH (Group 1:n=12) versus patients who did not receive DH care (Group 2;n=7). Patients attending DH were classified into 3 groups according to the program function at referral. Adherence with outpatient follow-up appointments (primary outcome) and pharmacy refill data (secondary outcome) were assessed after discharge over a 6-month period (DH) and compared with group 2. For statistical analyses, non-parametric tests were performed.

Program function (DH): alternative to admission (n=4); shortening of admission (n=5) and enhancing outpatient treatment (n=3). Patients receiving DH care were more frequently referred from the inpatient unit or emergency department compared to those who did not attend DH (commonly referred from primary care services). No statistically significant differences were found between both groups in adherence to psychiatric appointments. Patients who attended DH showed higher compliance with antipsychotics (89.29% vs.72.62, p<0.05).

DH care may be a useful alternative to increase adherence with antipsychotics in DD patients with poor awareness of illness.

AGR has received honoraria, registration for congresses and/or travel costs from Janssen, Lundbeck-Otsuka and Angelini.

Mycobacterium kansasii is a nontuberculous mycobacterium that causes infection associated with past or current tuberculosis disease. Clinical syndromes and radiological findings are mostly indistinguishable from that of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, thus requiring microbiological confirmation.

We report a case of a 44-year-old man diagnosed with schizophrenia and Mycobacterium kansasii infection.

Case report and non-systematic narrative review from PubMed.

Case report: Patient with schizophrenia who was admitted at the inpatient unit presenting psychotic exacerbation with high levels of excitement. Risperidone 6 mg/day and valproate 500 mg/day were initiated. He was also diagnosed with a M. kansasii lung infection, with radiological findings of past tuberculosis disease. Before the microbiological confirmation, it was necessary to start rifampicin, requiring an increase in doses of both psychotropic drugs. Review: (1)Comorbidity of mycobacterial infections and schizophrenia. Several studies have shown that people with severe mental illness have higher rates of tuberculosis compared with the general population. Although the relationship between tuberculosis and M. Kansasii infection is known, few literature is available with regard to the association of M. Kansasii and schizophrenia. (2)Interactions between antipsychotics and mood stabilizers with rifampicin. Rifampicin is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4 and transported by P-glycoprotein. Add-on with rifampicin have been reported to reduce clozapine and olanzapine plasma levels (despite both are metabolized by CYP1A2), reduce haloperidol and risperidone levels (possible role of P-glycoprotein in this interaction), as well as for valproate.

Treatment of comorbid infections in people with schizophrenia remains a challenge. Antibiotics used to treat mycobacterial infections can modify the pharmacokinetic of psychotropic drugs.

No significant relationships.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a biological basis overlapped with obsessive compulsive disorders and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). The combination of pharmacological treatment and psychological interventions have been considered the gold-standard

Our main objective was to present the case of a patient with ASD and comorbid BDD. As a second objective, we reviewed recent works on the common neurobiological substrate and therapeutic options for both conditions.

(1)Clinical case: Patient with ASD and BDD, treated with fluoxetine 60 mg/day and aripiprazole 30 mg/day. (2)Non-systematic narrative review focused on neurobiological substrate and treatment of ASD and BDD. The electronic search was performed by the PubMed database (1990-2020) using the following key terms: “autism spectrum disorder”, “body dysmorphic disorder”, “dysmorphophobia”, “neurobiology”, “pharmacological treatment”, “psychological treatment” and “treatment”.

Our patient is a 31-year-old single male fulfilling DSM-5 criteria for ASD, diagnosed in childhood, and BDD. He received pharmacological treatment and CBT. He also verbalized having been concerned with his lips and mouth for the last 10 years. This discomfort leads to passive ideas of death. Review: All articles (n=4) supported the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and CBT in this comorbidity. None of them reported the use of antipsychotics. Oone article described the use of Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and oxytocin.

ASD and BDD share the basis of corticostriatal circuits. ISRS and CBT may be effective in treatment. Other options (oxytocin or rTMS) should be further investigated. Examining this comorbidity could be useful for discovering possible endophenotypes.

In order to prevent relapse and increase medication adherence, primary care physicians and psychiatric inpatient units should consider referring patients with delusional disorder (DD) to specialized outpatient clinics for treatment and follow-up.

This poster describes a sample of DD patients referred to a specialized unit for DD and documents rates of follow-up care.

Over a 2-year period, 29 individuals were consecutively referred to the Parc Tauli -Delusional Syndrome Working Group, which provides treatment and clinical care for patients with delusional disorders for a catchment area of nearly 450.000 inhabitants in Sabadell (Barcelona, Spain). Criteria for inclusion in the program are relatively flexible. Referred patients are evaluated at baseline and at 6 months following their first appointment. Treatment and case management are offered by a multidisciplinary team consisting of psychiatric, nursing, and social work personnel. Psychological interventions are also offered.

Of the 29 persons initially referred, 27 attended at least one scheduled appointment. Twenty-one out of the 27 patients received a confirmed diagnosis of DD (14 women,7 men), 2 suffered from schizophrenia and 4 were diagnosed with other psychiatric disorders and referred to other programs: primary care (n=2), affective program (n=1) and addictions unit (n=1). A breakdown of DD subtypes follows: persecutory (n=10,47.6%), jealous (n=4,19%), somatic (n=5,23.81%), mixed (n=2,9.5%). Three patients with DD (14.3%) were lost to follow-up. Attendance rates of the 21 DD patients: 80.4% (Women:77.67%, Men:100%).

For a traditionally difficult-to-engage population, adherence to multidisciplinary clinic appointments was relatively high. Loss to follow-up was lower than would have been expected.

AGR has received honoraria, registration for congresses and/or travel costs from Janssen, Lundbeck-Otsuka and Angelini.

Antipsychotics have been classically considered the treatment of choice for delusional disorder (DD) and antidepressant medications have been restricted to patients with comorbid depression.

Our aim is to describe the case of a patient with DD with delusions of parasitosis, who responded to paroxetine as monotherapy. We also aimed to review the recent literature on the potential use of antidepressants as the main treatment for somatic type DD.

After the case report, we present a narrative review on the use of antidepressants in DD, somatic type (DSM-criteria) by using PubMed database from inception until 2020.

Case: 74 year-old woman without previous psychiatric diagnosis who suffered from long-term cutaneous and vulvar pruritus. She was referred to psychiatry from dermatology to assess thought content and sensoperceptive disturbances. In the past, she had received unsuccessful treatment with antihistamines. The patient brought a collection of “the identified parasite” (matchbox sign) to our first appointment. On assessment, she was diagnosed with DD with delusions of parasitosis. Risperidone 1mg/day was poorly tolerated (excessive sedation). She refused further antipsychotic treatment, so we started paroxetine up to 20mg/day. The patient went into total remission of her pruritus and delusions of parasitosis. Review. In line with our case, 6 studies reported on the successful use of antidepressants as monotherapy for DD, somatic type. Most of studies report the successful use of an antipsychotic/antidepressant combination (case-series, case reports).

Although antipsychotics are the treatment of choice, antidepressant medications may be an effective alternative in somatic type DD when patients refuse antipsychotics.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been characterized by mood instability, impulsive behavior and eventual dissociative and psychotic symptoms. Around 70% of patients present repeated self-injury behavior which is associated with high risk of completed suicide.

To investigate the effect of group psychotherapy on the annual incidence of self-harm behavior and suicide attempts in BPD.

We carried out a retrospective longitudinal study by selecting BPD patients who received group psychotherapy during 2016. Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) or Mentalization-Based Treatment (MBT) psychotherapies were applied. Patients without any self-harm/suicidal attempt before the intervention, those with comorbid diagnosis and those who did not engage at least half of total sessions were excluded for final analyses. Number of self-harm events, suicide attempts and other clinical events were recorded and compared one-year before and one-year post-intervention. SPSS software version 21.0 (IBM) was used for statistical analyses. Nonparametric tests and Survival tests were performed.

Eight women out of 35 fulfilled our inclusion criteria. After group psychotherapy, a significant reduction in the number of self-harm events and suicidal attempts was found (mean 1.9+/-1.4 vs 0.5+/-1.1; p=0.042). Survival tests revealed significant differences in the occurrence of suicidal attempts. We did not find significant differences in the other clinical events.

Our results show a clear effectiveness of group psychotherapy in reducing self-harm events and/or suicidal attempts in BPD patients. If these findings are confirmed in future studies including larger samples, group psychotherapy could be indicated for diminishing suicide risks in BPD.

No significant relationships.

To know prevalence of depression in Spanish nursing home(NH) by analysing the clinical profile of residents from RESYDEM study (Identification of patients with cognitive deterioration and dementia in NH).

A multicentral, transversal, observational study was carried out in April 2005. 71 geriatrician from 54 NH representing the Spanish state participated. Depression was analysed in patient´s history and determined by NPI of Cummings, NH version.

1037 residents were randomized, 1020 were used by clinical data analysis. 941 were used to determine depression prevalence. Median age 83,4yo, 66.6% were women, 70.9% with basic educational level, 57.4% widows, 25.7% single, 41.5% had some degree of functional deterioration, 22.1% had delirium. In 26.4% were documented Stroke(17,9% TIA). 61.7% had dementia.

Depression appears in 31.4% of elderly institutionalized with the only diagnosis of depression or independent of others. There were no significant differences in age groups. However, was most frequent in women. 95.7% of patients with diagnosis of dementia had at least one drug for depression. Most used anti-depressants were trazadone (23%), citalopram (20.9%), sertraline (15.8%), fluoxetine (10.1%). No tricyclical anti-depressant reached 1% of consumption.

Depression affects practically one in three institutionalized elderly in Spain

Institutionalized elderly with depression are largely treated with ISRS. It is believed that the use of trazadone is linked with the effects on sleep and anxiety.

The high prevalence of depression, its overlapping with other processes and the comorbility of residents requires a careful search and approach in NH which implies a challenge for professionals in order to treat it.

Since clinical practice suggests that panic disorder may not be a homogeneous condition, a study was carried out to test the possible existence of different groups or subgroups of panic patients.

Thirty-two panic patients (DSM-III-R) underwent lactate challenge in our laboratory and were assessed for heart rate, blood pressure, sweating and Acute Panic Inventory.

During the lactate challenge, patients complaining mainly of ‘cardiorespiratory’ symptoms (N = 12) showed tachycardia and localized sweating. Conversely, patients complaining mainly of ‘pseudoneurological’ symptoms (N = 16) showed bradycardia and generalized sweating. In both groups, Acute Panic Inventory scores were significantly higher during than before the panic attack, but the distribution of the scores was markedly different.

The results suggest that panic disorder may be a heterogeneous condition. Implications of these results to other phobic disorders, to Klein’s false suffocation alarm theory and to the ‘extended amygdala model’ are discussed.

Determine the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), using the NPI-NH(Neuropsychiatric Inventory Nursing Home(NH) Version),in order to provide a multidimensional profile in behavioural symptoms in residents and to calculate its prevalence in Spanish NH.

From randomized population of RESYDEM study (Identification of patients with cognitive deterioration and dementia in NH) a multi-central, cross-sectional and observational study was carried out. 71 geriatrician from 54 NH representative the Spanish state participated.NPS was determinated by NPI Cummings NH version. This version includes upsets in sleep and feeding patterns.

992 residents were examined (Median age 83.4yo, 66.6% women, 91.8% received at least one type of treatment, 61.7% with dementia). 523 (52.7%) presented at least one type of NPS. In order of greatest frequency, the following were noted: alterations in sleep patterns (41.7%), depression/disphoria (31.4%), anxiety (31.2%), agitation/aggressiveness (29.6%), apathy/indifference (25.8%), delirious ideas (23.7%), irritability (22.4%), feeding/appetite upsets (18.5%), anomalous motor behaviour (15.3%), hallucinations (13.8%), desinhibition (11.1%), euphoria (4.4%).

35.9% of residents received benzodiapines, 26.7% antidepressants. Atypical neuroleptics were used in 15.8%, in contrast with 7.4% of the use of classic ones.

NPS ´s reached a high prevalence in NH and it is usual that more than one co-exists in the patients.

Alterations in sleep patterns, depression, anxiety, agitation/aggressiveness affect approximately one in three residents.

It is useful and recommendable to evaluate the 12 behavioural areas from the NH version of the NPI scale. This instrument was chosen as a sifting measure to establish neuropyschiatric symptomology in residences.

In the past few decades, new and more efficient techniques to help solve fertility problems have become widely available throughout the developed world. The aim of this study was to determine whether there were differences on psychopathology factors between women who had conceived after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and women who had conceived naturally.

The sample was composed of 41 pregnant women of whom 28 women had conceived through assisted reproductive technology (IVF) and 13 had conceived naturally. Women were evaluated by week 20 of pregnancy at the Infanta Cristina University Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, in Badajoz. Women consented to complete the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R).

IVF women were characterized by higher scores on Anxiety Scale (t = 3.90; p = 0.045) and lower scores on Hostility Scale (t = 4.35; p = 0.041) than women who had conceived naturally. There were no differences in the others scales.

IVF women appear to present a temperamental profile characterized by a tendency to anxiety. Further research is needed to firstly, confirm these preliminary findings, and secondly, to longitudinally explore its impact on pregnancy outcome and mother-infant attachment.

Effective and safe prescription of individualized opioid-doses for opioid-dependent is a complicated task for the clinician, due inter-individual differences in dosage requirements and narrow therapeutic range.

Mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) plays a key role in addiction. A118G-rs1799971 polymorphism in OPRM1 is probably the most promising biomarker of better response in opioid-dependents.

Gene polymorphisms in CYP450-isoenzymes (CYP3A5, CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2B6, CYP1A2, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19) also significantly influence pharmacokinetics and effects of opioids and concomitant treatments.

Association of heroin-dose requirements to OPRM1-rs1799971, CYP3A4-rs2740574 and CYP3A5- rs776746 gene polymorphisms in patients from a Heroin Prescription Program (PPH) in Andalusia.

Series of cases: 15 patients with opioid-addiction. Collection of heroin-doses/patient administered for a year. Genotyping of A118G, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 polymorphisms was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism.

Eleven patients were AA homozygous (11/15;73.33%) and four heterozygous AG (4/15;26.67%) for A118G-OPRM1; median doses: 179.57[157.85,225.49] and 271.38[145.11,288.88]mg/day respectively were no statistically different (p=0.240). Four subjects presented doses>250mg/day, showing an association of AG-OPRM1 genotype with higher doses, OR:30.00(CI95%:1.41,638.15);p=0.033.

Fourteen patients were homozygous AA and GG for CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 respectively (14/15;93.33%), and one patient was heterozygous AG(1/15;6.66%) for both isoenzymes and presented a high dose(280 mg/day).

Higher heroin-doses (>250mg/day) were associated to AG genotype for OPRM1-A118G, despite the great variability in the dose prescription avoided to find an association between OPRM1 genotype and the specific administered dose.

Pharmacogenetic analysis, focused on OPRM1-A118G, may be a useful tool to adjust the pharmacotherapeutic dose in each case.

Opioid addiction is a serious health/social problem, associated with high morbidity and mortality.Several gene polymorphisms on the mu-opioid receptor gene(OPRM1), which plays an important role in reward system, have been related to opioid dependence (A118G, C17T, C2044A). A118G is the most studied and probably the most promising biomarker of better response in these patients, despite discrepancies has been manifested even in studies conducted on the same ethnicity.

Description of A118G, C17T and C2044A allele frequencies in an opioid-dependent population. Evaluation of the association of A118G gene polymorphism with opioid dependence.

Case-control Study.

Case group: 16 patients with opioid addiction, included in a Heroin Prescription Program in Andalusia, based on the protocolized individual prescription of diacetylmorphine. Control group: 32 non opioid-dependent subjects.Genotyping of A118G, C17T and C2044A was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism.

Case group: 12 patients were AA homozygous (12/16;75%) and 4 patients were heterozygous AG (4/12;25%) for A118G. All patients were homozygous CC for C17T and C2044A (16/16;100%). The distribution of the genotype frequencies of OPRM1 gene polymorphisms in the case series were not statistically different from those reported for European populations in HapMap for A118G (p=0.6418) and the GENO PANEL for C17T. Control group:19 patients were AA homozygous(19/32; 59.4%) and 13 patients were heterozygous AG (13/32;40.6%) for A118G. This polymorphism was not associated to opioid addiction (p=0.3503).

Distribution of genotype frequencies in opioid dependants corresponded to specific frequencies from European population for A118G and C17T polymorphisms. OPRM1 gene polymorphisms were not associated to opioid addiction in this population.