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43 results

Page 1 of 3

  • 8 - Etruscan Lightning and Anatolian Images

  • from Part IV - Shared Practices
  • Edited by Elizabeth P. Baughan, University of Richmond, Virginia, Lisa C. Pieraccini, University of California, Berkeley
  • Book:
    Etruria and Anatolia
    Published online:
    02 March 2023
    Print publication:
    09 March 2023, pp 145-165

  • Summary

    Tridents and bidents appear to have been used in early Italy as symbols of divinatory power associated with lightning and are known by the evidence of rare representations and actual metal objects placed in Italic rulers’ tombs of the eighth through the seventh centuries BCE (Golasecca and Etruria). Fragile or even deliberately blunted, these implements could really only be symbolic emblems, and two show evidence of intense destruction during the funerary ritual. A possibly analogous situation, with deeper roots in the Near East (especially Assyria, Urartu, and the Levant) may also have occurred in Anatolia, especially Phrygia (Gordion). A trident planted in the earth may have symbolized divination.

  • 2 - The Silent Roofing Revolution

  • Edited by Charlotte R. Potts, University of Oxford
  • Book:
    Architecture in Ancient Central Italy
    Published online:
    31 March 2022
    Print publication:
    07 April 2022, pp 31-61

  • Summary

    This chapter re-examines tie-beam trusses and argues that their invention arose from the woodworking techniques and tools honed in the construction of Bronze and Iron Age palafitte houses (pile dwellings). Showing that the earlier type of architecture developed in response to particular environmental conditions, it establishes that early builders had extensive knowledge of the potential of their raw materials and how they could be engineered. Out of this came the truss as a refinement in wooden roof structures that was able to counter the side loads of heavy tiled roofs when the latter came into use during the seventh century BC. Through its eventual use in the sizeable roofs of basilicas in the fourth century AD, the truss represents a form of woodworking expertise that connects architecture in Italy from the Bronze Age through to Late Antiquity.

Divining the Etruscan World
  • The Brontoscopic Calendar and Religious Practice
  • Jean MacIntosh Turfa
  • Published online:
    05 September 2012
    Print publication:
    16 July 2012
  • The Etruscan Brontoscopic Calendar is a rare document of omens foretold by thunder. It long lay hidden, embedded in a Greek translation within a Byzantine treatise from the age of Justinian. The first complete English translation of the Brontoscopic Calendar, this book provides an understanding of Etruscan Iron Age society as revealed through the ancient text, especially the Etruscans' concerns regarding the environment, food, health and disease. Jean MacIntosh Turfa also analyzes the ancient Near Eastern sources of the Calendar and the subjects of its predictions, thereby creating a picture of the complexity of Etruscan society reaching back before the advent of writing and the recording of the calendar.

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