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677 results

Page 1 of 34

  • The role of suicidal mental imagery and experiential avoidance in suicidality: an exploratory study

  • Hannah Maynard, James D. Gregory, Andrea Davies, John R.E. Fox
  • Journal:
    Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy / Volume 53 / Issue 2 / June 2025
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    25 March 2025, pp. 184-196
    Print publication:
    June 2025
    • Article
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  • Background:

    Although research has highlighted that suicidal imagery (SuiMI) and experiential avoidance (EA) are important in understanding suicidality, there is a need to understand how they potentially interact. Previous research has highlighted that EA potentially leads to increased cognitive intrusions, but it not known whether EA leads to increased SuiMI.

    Aims:

    The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of SuiMI and EA on suicidality (i.e. encompassing thoughts, behaviour and suicide attempts). It was hypothesised that greater frequency of SuiMI would be associated with greater EA. It was also hypothesised that greater SuiMI would be associated with greater suicidality, and that EA would moderate this relationship.

    Method:

    Hypotheses were tested by surveying 197 general university students who completed self-report measures that assessed suicide-related mental imagery (i.e. Suicidal Imagery Questionnaire, SIQ), experiential avoidance (i.e. Multi-dimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire, MEAQ) and suicidality (i.e. Suicidal Behaviours Questionnaire-Revised, SBQ-R).

    Results:

    Frequency of SuiMI was positively correlated with the tendency to engage in EA. SuiMI was a significant predictor of both suicidality and EA. Exploratory analysis found that voluntary SuiMI explained greater variance in suicidality than intrusive, involuntary SuiMI, and that SuiMI only predicted EA in low-risk participants and not for those at high risk of suicide. EA did not predict suicidality and it also did not show any moderating effect on the relationship between SuiMI and suicidality.

    Conclusion:

    There is evidence to suggest that suicide-related mental imagery may play an important role in suicide risk and more specifically imagery that is voluntarily engaged with. Future research is needed to explore the different types of imagery in relation to suicidal ideation in populations at higher risk of suicide.

  • The Need for Early Engagement with Interested Groups on Advanced Biopreservation

  • Insoo Hyun, John Bischof, Shawneequa L. Callier, Alexander M. Capron, Michele Bratcher Goodwin, Ishan Goswami, Rosario Isasi, Andrew D. Maynard, Timothy L. Pruett, Korkut Uygun, Susan M. Wolf
  • Journal:
    Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics / Volume 52 / Issue 3 / Fall 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 December 2024, pp. 585-594
    Print publication:
    Fall 2024
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  • Research on advanced biopreservation — technologies that include, for example, partial freezing, supercooling, and vitrification with nanoparticle infusion and laser rewarming — is proceeding at a rapid pace, potentially affecting many areas of medicine and the life sciences, food, agriculture, and environmental conservation. Given the breadth and depth of its medical, scientific, and corresponding social impacts, advanced biopreservation is poised to emerge as a disruptive technology with real benefits, but also ethical challenges and risks. Early engagement with potentially affected groups can help navigate possible societal barriers to adoption of this new technology and help ensure that emerging capabilities align with the needs, desires, and expectations of a broad range of interested parties.

  • Prehospital Testing and Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2: A Special Report from the Sacramento (California USA) Mobile Integrated Health Unit

  • Angela F. Jarman, James S. Ford, Matthew J. Maynard, Zena L. Simmons, Kevin E. Mackey, Bryn E. Mumma, John S. Rose
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 37 / Issue 2 / April 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 February 2022, pp. 265-268
    Print publication:
    April 2022
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  • Introduction:

    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has killed nearly 800,000 Americans since early 2020. The disease has disproportionately affected older Americans, men, persons of color, and those living in congregate living facilities. Sacramento County (California USA) has used a novel Mobile Integrated Health Unit (MIH) to test hundreds of patients who dwell in congregate living facilities, including skilled nursing facilities (SNF), residential care facilities (ie, assisted living facilities [ALF] and board and care facilities [BCF]), and inpatient psychiatric facilities (PSY), for SARS-CoV-2.

    Methods:

    The MIH was authorized and rapidly created at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic as a joint venture between the Sacramento County Department of Public Health (SCDPH) and several fire-based Emergency Medical Services (EMS) agencies within the county to perform SARS-CoV-2 testing and surveillance in a prehospital setting at a number of congregate living facilities. All adult patients (≥18 years) who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection by the MIH from March 31, 2020 through April 30, 2020 and lived in congregate living facilities were included in this retrospective descriptive cohort. Demographic and laboratory data were collected to describe the cohort of patients tested by the MIH.

    Results:

    During the study period, the MIH tested a total of 323 patients from 15 facilities in Sacramento County. The median age of patients tested was 66 years and the majority were female (72%). Overall, 72 patients (22%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in congregate living settings, a higher rate of positivity than was measured across the county during the same time period.

    Conclusion:

    The MIH was a novel method of epidemic surveillance that succeeded in delivering effective and efficient testing to patients who reside in congregate living facilities and was able to accurately identify pockets of infection within otherwise low prevalence areas. Cooperative prehospital models are an effective model to deliver out-of-hospital testing and disease surveillance that may serve as a blueprint for community-based care delivery for a number of disease states and future epidemics or pandemics.

  • Stakeholder collaboration: evaluating community-based conservancies in Kenya

  • Lily Maynard, Susan K. Jacobson, John Kamanga
  • Journal:
    Oryx / Volume 54 / Issue 5 / September 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 February 2019, pp. 723-730
    Print publication:
    September 2020
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  • To evaluate and improve the involvement of stakeholders in community-based natural resource management, we developed a stakeholder collaboration index. We compared the stakeholders of five Kenyan conservancies by conducting 10 focus group meetings with conservancy management committees and wildlife game scouts. We used the nominal group technique to identify and rank perceptions of the conservancies’ strengths, weaknesses and opportunities, and any threats. The resulting 455 responses were categorized into ecological, institutional or socio-economic themes of ecosystem management. Collaboration index scores ranged from low (0.33) to high (0.95) collaboration, on a scale of 0–1, with a mean of 0.61. Managers and game scouts had varying perceptions of the conservancies but they agreed about major strengths and threats to conservation. The index highlighted shared perspectives between managers and scouts, which could be used as opportunities for increased stakeholder involvement in collaborative management. The stakeholder collaboration index is a potentially useful tool for improving management of environmental conservation programmes.

  • 7 - The concept of information in biology

  • Edited by Paul Davies, Arizona State University, Niels Henrik Gregersen, University of Copenhagen
  • Book:
    Information and the Nature of Reality
    Published online:
    05 June 2014
    Print publication:
    15 May 2014, pp 157-185

  • Summary

    The use of informational terms is widespread in molecular and developmental biology. The usagedates back to Weismann. In both protein synthesis and in later development, genes are symbols, inthat there is no necessary connection between their form (sequence) and their effects. The sequenceof a gene has been determined by past natural selection, because of the effects it produces. Inbiology, the use of informational terms implies intentionality, in that both the form of the signal,and the response to it, have evolved by selection. Where an engineer sees design, a biologist seesnatural selection.

    A central idea in contemporary biology is that of information. Developmental biology can be seenas the study of how information in the genome is translated into adult structure, and evolutionarybiology of how the information came to be there in the first place. Our excuse for writing a chapterconcerning topics as diverse as the origins of genes, of cells, and of language is that all areconcerned with the storage and transmission of information.

    (Szathmáry and Maynard Smith, 1995)

    Let us begin with the notions involved in classical information theory…These concepts donot apply to DNA because they presuppose a genuine information system, which is composed of a coder,a transmitter, a receiver, a decoder, and an information channel in between. No such components areapparent in a chemical system (Apter and Wolpert, 1965). To describe chemical processes with thehelp of linguistic metaphors such as “transcription” and “translation”does not alter the chemical nature of these processes. After all, a chemical process is not a signalthat carries a message. Furthermore, even if there were such a thing as information transmissionbetween molecules, transmission would be nearly noiseless (that is, substantially nonrandom), sothat the concept of probability, central to the theory of information, does not apply to this kindof alleged information transfer.

    (Mahner and Bunge, 1997)

    It is clear from these quotations that there is something to talk about. I shall be concernedonly with the use of information concepts in genetics, evolution, and development, and not inneurobiology, which I am not competent to discuss.

  • Handling Worker and Third-Party Exposures to Nanotherapeutics During Clinical Trials

  • Gurumurthy Ramachandran, John Howard, Andrew Maynard, Martin Philbert
  • Journal:
    Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics / Volume 40 / Issue 4 / Winter 2012
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 January 2021, pp. 856-864
    Print publication:
    Winter 2012

  • Nanomedicine is a rapidly growing field in the academic as well as commercial arena. While some had predicted nanomedicine sales to reach $20.1 billion in 2011, the actual growth was much more rapid, with the global nanomedicine market being valued at $53 billion in 2009, and forecast to increase at an annual growth rate of 13.5% to reach more than $100 billion in 2014. In 2006, more than 130 nanotechnology-based drugs and delivery systems had entered preclinical, clinical, or commercial development. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) reviewed 18 marketing authorization applications for nanomedicines in 2010. In 2011, 22 drugs that had been approved by the FDA, and 87 Phase I and Phase II clinical trials were listed in the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) data base, www.clinicaltrials.gov. Although the fastest growing areas of nanomedicine are applications in medical imaging and diagnosis using contrast-enhancing agents, most nanomedicine research and commercialization is in the area of cancer drug therapy, including nano gold shells.

The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes
  • Volume 9, Essays in Persuasion
  • John Maynard Keynes
  • Edited by Elizabeth Johnson, Donald Moggridge
  • Published by:
    Royal Economic Society
    Published online:
    05 November 2012
    Print publication:
    01 April 1978
  • Most of the essays in this book were first collected together in October 1931, immediately after Britain had left the gold standard. They reflected Keynes's attempts over the previous dozen years to influence public opinion and policy over the Treaty of Versailles, over which he had resigned from the Treasury in June 1919, reparations and inter-allied war debts, stabilisation policy, the gold standard and the shape of liberal politics in Britain. In 1972 the essays were reprinted with the full texts of the pamphlets – Can Lloyd George Do It?, The Economic Consequences of Mr Churchill, A Short View of Russia and The End of Laissez Faire. At that time, the full texts of his two post-1931 pamphlets – The Means to Prosperity and How to Pay for the War – were added. The book contains examples of Keynes's finest writing on economic policy and politics. This edition includes an introduction by Donald Moggridge.

The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes
  • Volume 18, Activities 1922–1932: The End of Reparations
  • John Maynard Keynes
  • Edited by Elizabeth Johnson, Donald Moggridge
  • Published by:
    Royal Economic Society
    Published online:
    05 November 2012
    Print publication:
    01 April 1978
  • This volume, a companion to Volume 17 and to many of the Essays in Persuasion (Volume 9), carries Keynes's involvement in the post-1919 reparations tangle down to the Lausanne Conference and Britain's subsequent effective default on her own war debts in June 1933 – almost fourteen years to the day after Keynes's own resignation from the Treasury over the original Peace Settlement effectively removed the issue from practical politics. The events it covers were dramatic – the German hyperinflation, the occupation of the Ruhr, the Dawes and Young Plans and the Hoover Moratorium. Throughout, Keynes attempted to shape opinion and the course of events through published articles, unsigned letters, contributions to The Nation and Athenaeum, speeches, letters, official committees and memoranda. These add an important dimension to our understanding of the history of the period.

The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes
  • Volume 1, Indian Currency and Finance
  • John Maynard Keynes
  • Edited by Elizabeth Johnson, Donald Moggridge
  • Published by:
    Royal Economic Society
    Published online:
    05 November 2012
    Print publication:
    01 April 1978
  • Keynes's first book, published in 1913, was Indian Currency and Finance. He had served briefly from 1906 to 1908 in the India Office in Whitehall; then as the administrative link between the Government of India and the British parliament. He quickly became involved in the problems of the Indian currency and the then important and fascinating issues concerning the gold-exchange standard. He continued to work on these problems, with the encouragement and help of his former colleagues, after he had returned to Cambridge. The book which resulted, and his known mastery of the problems involved, led to Keynes's first major incursion into public life as a member of the (Austen Chamberlain) Royal Commission on Indian Finance and Currency. The important contributions he made to its work are recorded in detail in Volume 15 of this series, which forms a complement to this volume.

The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes
  • Volume 13, The General Theory and After: Part I. Preparation
  • John Maynard Keynes
  • Edited by Elizabeth Johnson, Donald Moggridge
  • Published by:
    Royal Economic Society
    Published online:
    05 November 2012
    Print publication:
    01 April 1978
  • This volume, with its companion, Volume 14, provides all the surviving letters, drafts and articles arising from Keynes's work as a monetary economist between 1924 and 1939. It contains wherever possible both sides of all correspondence concerning his Treatise on Money and General Theory, both before and after publication, as well as complete texts of all surviving drafts of both works. In addition it contains important correspondence concerning D. H. Robertson's Banking Policy and the Price Level and such post-General Theory contributions as R. F. Harrod's first work on the theory of economic growth. As such, it provides a remarkable chronicle of one man's intellectual development over the quarter of a century that saw a revolution in economics.

The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes
  • Volume 5, A Treatise on Money: The Pure Theory of Money
  • John Maynard Keynes
  • Edited by Elizabeth Johnson, Donald Moggridge
  • Published by:
    Royal Economic Society
    Published online:
    05 November 2012
    Print publication:
    01 April 1978
  • A Treatise on Money, completed in 1930, was the outcome of six years of intensive work and argument with D. H. Robertson, R. G. Hawtrey and others. As in the Tract on Monetary Reform, the central concerns of the Treatise are the causes and consequences of changes in the value of money and the means of controlling such changes to increase well-being. The analysis is, however, considerably more complex and the applied statistical work much more elaborate. The Treatise has long been of interest amongst economists, as a precursor of the General Theory, as an important discussion of the mechanics of inflationary and deflationary processes and as an important statement of the problems of national autonomy in the international economy. This edition provides a new edition of the original, corrected on the basis of Keynes's correspondence with other economists and translators. It also provides the prefaces to foreign editions.

The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes
  • Volume 21, Activities 1931–1939: World Crises and Policies in Britain and America
  • John Maynard Keynes
  • Edited by Elizabeth Johnson, Donald Moggridge
  • Published by:
    Royal Economic Society
    Published online:
    05 November 2012
    Print publication:
    01 April 1978
  • This volume brings together Keynes's attempts to influence the development of public opinion and public policy between September 1931 and the outbreak of World War II. It contains his journalism, his memoranda and letters to ministers and committees of the Economic Advisory Council and related correspondence. The issues covered include the management of sterling, Britain's recovery policies, the New Deal, the World Economic Conference of 1933, Britain's rearmament and preparations for war, and the recession of 1937–8 and policies to combat it. As such, it is a companion to the volumes dealing with the development of his more formal economic theories during these years, most notably in The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.

The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes
  • Volume 22, Activities 1939–1945: Internal War Finance
  • John Maynard Keynes
  • Edited by Elizabeth Johnson, Donald Moggridge
  • Published by:
    Royal Economic Society
    Published online:
    05 November 2012
    Print publication:
    01 April 1978
  • Between the outbreak of war in 1939 and his death in 1946 Keynes was closely involved in the management of Britain's war economy and the planning of the post-war world. This volume, the first of several dealing with this period, focuses on two aspects of his activities during the war: his efforts as a private citizen to influence opinion of the tasks ahead prior to July 1940, and his contributions within the Treasury to Britain's internal financial management thereafter. It contains the correspondence and memoranda surrounding How to Pay for the War, perhaps his most successful essay in persuasion; the 1941 Budget, the first explicitly Keynesian Budget in Britain; the development of the associated national income estimates; and his later attempts to influence other areas of financial policy. This is a necessary companion to How to Pay for the War, which appears in Volume 9 of this series.

The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes
  • Volume 19, Activities 1922–1929: The Return to Gold and Industrial Policy Part 1
  • John Maynard Keynes
  • Edited by Elizabeth Johnson, Donald Moggridge
  • Published by:
    Royal Economic Society
    Published online:
    05 November 2012
    Print publication:
    01 April 1978
  • This volume brings together Keynes's attempts to influence public opinion and policy concerning primarily British affairs between 1922 and 1929. During this period, his major concerns were Britain's attempt to return to the gold standard and its consequences, industrial policy (especially in the cotton textile industry) and unemployment policy, although he became briefly involved in many other subjects. Most of the volume consists of Keynes's journalism for the period, but it also contains his previously unpublished evidence to official committees, anonymous contributions to The Nation and Athenaeum and related correspondence.

The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes
  • Volume 28, Social, Political and Literary Writings
  • John Maynard Keynes
  • Edited by Elizabeth Johnson, Donald Moggridge
  • Published by:
    Royal Economic Society
    Published online:
    05 November 2012
    Print publication:
    01 April 1978
  • This volume draws together Keynes's published and unpublished writings on non-economic subjects. Included in full are both sides of his correspondence as chairman of The New Statesman with Kingsley Martin, the paper's editor, covering politics and foreign affairs during the years 1931 to 1946. The reader will also find manuscripts on ancient currencies, a subject that occupied much of his time during the 1920s, his articles and reviews on the arts and literature, and the preface written jointly with Piero Sraffia to the 1938 facsimile edition of the Abstract of Hume's Treatise on Human Nature.

The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes
  • Volume 16, Activities 1914–1919: The Treasury and Versailles
  • John Maynard Keynes
  • Edited by Elizabeth Johnson, Donald Moggridge
  • Published by:
    Royal Economic Society
    Published online:
    05 November 2012
    Print publication:
    01 April 1978
  • From 1915, when Keynes joined the Treasury, until he resigned in 1919 during the Versailles Conference, he carried a rapidly increasing load of responsibility. This volume prints all the principal papers and memoranda he wrote during those years and throws new light on the crises of inter-allied financial relations and the near exhaustion of British financial resources. It contains also his contributions to the early thinking in the Treasury about post-war reparations and inter-allied debts. It ends with his correspondence, official and private, from Paris, as he saw his hopes of a wise settlement vanishing. This is a necessary companion to The Economic Consequences of the Peace (Volume 2 in this series).

The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes
  • Volume 2, The Economic Consequences of the Peace
  • John Maynard Keynes
  • Edited by Elizabeth Johnson, Donald Moggridge
  • Published by:
    Royal Economic Society
    Published online:
    05 November 2012
    Print publication:
    01 April 1978
  • The Economic Consequences of the Peace was written by Maynard Keynes in 1919 following his resignation as Treasury representative at the Peace Conference at Versailles. It was this work that first made Maynard Keynes's name a household word, a figure of hatred and public criticism to some, a rallying point for rational thought and action to others. Written in the white heat of anger and despair, it vividly conveys to later generations Keynes's horror that clear thinking, human compassion and solemn pledges had been, in his eyes, destroyed by political opportunism.

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