The attitudes toward genomics and precision medicine (AGPM) measure examines attitudes toward activities such as genetic testing, gene editing, and biobanking. This is a useful tool for research on the ethical, legal, and social implications of genomics, a major program within the National Institutes of Health. We updated the AGPM to explore controversies over mRNA vaccines. This brief report examines the factor structure of the updated AGPM using a sample of 4939 adults in the USA. The updated AGPM’s seven factors include health benefits, knowledge benefits, and concerns about the sacredness of life, privacy, gene editing, mRNA vaccines, and social justice.

Sleep value is the relative worth individuals assign to sleep. We previously found that individual differences in several sleep value subfactors relate to demographic, health and sleep variables. Given the pivotal role values play in health behavior and the positive association between sleep value and sleep disturbance, individual differences in sleep value may influence vulnerability/resilience to sleep and circadian disturbance. This survey study (N = 455) aimed to establish the latent factor structure of sleep value and identify whether sleep value profiles relate to demographic and sleep characteristics. Factor analysis on the Sleep Valuation Item Bank 2.0 identified five factors (wanting, prioritizing, devaluing, appreciating and preferring). Latent profile analyses revealed five distinct sleep value profiles (unconcerned, appreciative, devalue, ambivalent priority and concerned). Depression, sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment were highest among those who highly value sleep (concerned profile) and lowest among those who neither value nor devalue sleep (unconcerned profile). Findings suggest sleep value is a complex aspect of sleep health rather than a “more is better” construct and highlight that individual differences in sleep value profiles may be associated with vulnerability/resilience to sleep disturbance.

The physical and chemical interactions between organic amines and mineral surfaces are of considerable importance in many industrial applications. For example, the preparation of organophilic minerals often involves the adsorption of organic amines, or the ion exchange of the minerals with quaternary ammonium salts (Jordon, 1951; Miller and Faust, 1972). Chemical interactions occurring in these systems have been studied because of their relevance to an understanding of the chemical nature of the clay surface. A number of these studies have reported on the decomposition of adsorbed amines and alkylammonium-mineral complexes at elevated temperatures, usually in excess of 100°C (Chaussidon and Calvet, 1965; Weiss and Roloff, 1963; Durand, Pellet and Fripiat, 1972; Chou and McAtee, 1969). It is now well established that under these conditions the mineral may have potential strong-acidity, and these reactions have been explained in terms of acid-induced decomposition or rearrangement of the adsorbed amines or their derivatives. However, there have been few studies of the reactions of organo-mineral complexes at temperatures below 100°C, under conditions where retention of adsorbed water could be expected to moderate the mineral surface acidity.

The presence, percentage, origins, and rate of formation of clay minerals have been important components in studies involving the geochemical and structural composition of waste-rock piles. The objective of the present study was to investigate the use of tritium as an indicator of the origin of clay minerals within such piles. Tritium values in pore water, interlayer water, and structural hydroxyl sites of clay minerals were examined to evaluate the origins of clay minerals within waste-rock piles located near Questa, New Mexico. Five clay minerals were identified: kaolinite, chlorite, illite, smectite, and mixedlayer illite-smectite, along with the hydrous sulfate minerals gypsum and jarosite. Analysis of waters derived from clay minerals was achieved by thermal reaction of dry-sieved bulk material obtained from the Questa site. In all Questa samples, the low-temperature water derived from pore-water and interlayer sites, as well as the intermediate-temperature water derived from interlayer cation sites occupied by hydronium and structural hydroxyl ions, show tritium values at or near modern levels for precipitation. Pore water and interlayer water ranged from 5.31 to 12.19 tritium units (TU) and interlayer hydronium and structurally derived water ranged from 3.92 to 7.93 TU. Tritium levels for local precipitation ranged from ~4 to 8 TU. One tritium unit (TU) represents one molecule of 3H1HO in 1018 molecules of 1H1HO. The elevated levels of tritium in structural sites can be accounted for by thermal incorporation of significant amounts of hydronium ions in interlayer cation sites for illite and mixed-layer clays, both common at the Questa site. In low-pH environments, such as those found within Questa waste-rock piles (typically pH ~3), the hydronium ion is an abundant species in the rock-pile pore-water system.

We assessed factors associated with increased risk to loss of follow-up with infectious diseases staff in OPAT patients. Discharge to subacute healthcare facilities is strongly associated with loss to follow-up. We did not identify sociodemographic disparities. Poor communication between OPAT providers and subacute healthcare facilities remains a serious issue.

There have been no systematic experiments conducted in Nevada's water-limited environment that examined the simultaneous benefits of soil health and feed value derived from cool-season cover cropping systems. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of different annual cool-season cover crop systems on above and belowground biomass production, plant tissue carbon and nitrogen, forage nutritive value (crude protein, acid, and neutral detergent fiber), relative feed value (RFV), and short-term soil health indicators under irrigation in a semi-arid environment. Treatments (cover crop systems) were a fallow (no cover crop), five monocultures of rye (Secale cereale L.), winter lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi), white sweetclover (Melilotus alba), forage kale (Brassica oleracea L.), and two three-species mixtures in 50-25-25 seeding ratios (CCM 1: rye, winter lentil, arrowleaf clover; CCM 2: rye, white sweetclover, forage kale). Cover crop systems were arranged in an RCBD with three replications. Plots were fall seeded in Reno, NV early October of each year (2020 and 2021) and terminated at the end of July of 2021 and 2022, respectively. Averaged across years, aboveground biomass production was lowest for the monoculture of winter lentil (4104 kg DM ha−1; SE = 1551) compared to all other cover crop systems (average = 7593 kg DM ha−1; SE = 1551). Biomass carbon produced was lowest for winter lentil (1717 kg ha−1; SE = 675) relative to all other cover crop systems (average = 3227 kg ha−1; SE = 675). The CCM 1 system had a greater C/N ratio (36.3) than CCM 2 and the monocultures of winter lentil, arrowleaf clover, and white sweetclover (average = 24.9). Belowground biomass did not differ among cover crop systems (average = 3161 kg DM ha−1; SE = 962). Crude protein concentration was similar among cover crop systems but the RFV was greatest for forage kale (RFV = 165; SE = 4.0) among all cover crop systems. Soil total N and organic carbon concentration did not differ among cover crop systems but soil K concentration was greatest under fallow (428 mg kg−1 soil; SE = 26) relative to all other systems (average = 345.6 mg kg−1 soil; SE = 26). Soil microbial community biomass was not altered by cover crop system or its interaction with year. While the short-term impact of the cover crop systems on soil health indicators was minimal relative to the fallow system, the overall results suggested that there is potential to integrate cover crops in Nevada's semi-arid environment under irrigation.

The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which three non-invasive measures of welfare in laying hens (egg-shell quality, corticosteroid levels as measured from the birds' faeces, and behavioural preferences) were correlated over a period of five days in two groups of birds. One group had access to an enriched test area (bark chips on the floor and a tray of sprouted wheat); the other group had access to a comparably sized barren area (bare wire mesh floor). The measure of preference used was the amount of time hens spent in the test area as measured each day. It was predicted that birds with access to the less preferred environment would show higher levels of faecal corticosteroids and egg-shell anomalies. However, although the birds showed a preference for the enriched environment from Day 1, the other two measures did not follow the same pattern. Faecal corticosteroid metabolites showed an initial increase in both groups, which declined significantly by Day 4, with the ‘enriched’ birds in fact showing a trend for higher levels than the ‘barren’ birds. Shell thickness also showed a change over the five days, but with a different time course: declining to a minimal level on Day 3 and then rising again by Day 5. No measure of shell quality was significantly different between the two environments, but there was a trend for changes in shell thickness to be more pronounced in eggs from enriched birds. The results indicate the caution that needs to be exercised in using shell quality or corticosteroid measurements in isolation from assessments of what the animals themselves prefer.

The Shyok Suture in western Himalaya preserves a record of the opening and closure of the Mesotethys Ocean between the Shyok ophiolite and Karakoram terrane prior to the India–Eurasia collision. The formation age of the Shyok ophiolite was unknown, which impeded correlation with similar rocks along the Shyok Suture in Pakistan and corresponding sutures in Tibet. We report the first zircon U–Pb ages of a newly documented suite, here named the Changmar Complex. The Changmar Complex gabbronorite and plagiogranite yielded SHRIMP U–Pb zircon Late Jurassic ages of 159.4 ± 0.9 Ma and 151.9 ± 1.5 Ma. Their highly positive initial εHf values (+14.9 to +16.9) indicate a juvenile mantle origin, without continental crust influence on the magma source. The Shyok ophiolite represents either: (1) a separate island arc that preceded formation of the Cretaceous–Eocene Ladakh Arc; or (2) the oldest magmatism and early stage of the Ladakh Arc. Intrusive and extrusive mafic rocks from the Shyok Suture analysed in this study have typical supra-subduction zone enrichment characteristics in their geochemistry and are classified as part of the volcanic-arc ophiolite. The U–Pb age and Hf isotopic signatures for the Shyok ophiolite are similar to the Late Jurassic Matum Das tonalite within the Kohistan Arc; we therefore suggest that they are part of the same intra-oceanic island-arc system that formed in the Mesotethys Ocean prior to Late Jurassic time.

Number and procedures of involuntary hospital admissions vary in Europe according to the different socio-cultural contexts. The European Commission has funded the EUNOMIA study in 12 European countries in order to develop European recommendations for good clinical practice in involuntary hospital admissions. The recommendations have been developed with the direct and active involvement of national leaders and key professionals, who worked out national recommendations, subsequently summarized into a European document, through the use of specific categories. The need for standardizing the involuntary hospital admission has been highlighted by all centers. In the final recommendations, it has been stressed the need to: providing information to patients about the reasons for hospitalization and its presumable duration; protecting patients’ rights during hospitalization; encouraging the involvement of family members; improving the communication between community and hospital teams; organizing meetings, seminars and focus-groups with users; developing training courses for involved professionals on the management of aggressive behaviors, clinical aspects of major mental disorders, the legal and administrative aspects of involuntary hospital admissions, on communication skills. The results showed the huge variation of involuntary hospital admissions in Europe and the importance of developing guidelines on this procedure.