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14 results

  • Recurrence rates in stable bipolar disorder patients after drug discontinuation v. drug maintenance: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • Taro Kishi, Yuki Matsuda, Kenji Sakuma, Makoto Okuya, Kazuo Mishima, Nakao Iwata
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 51 / Issue 15 / November 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 October 2020, pp. 2721-2729
  • Background

    This random-effects model meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trials compared recurrence rates in bipolar disorder (BD) patients between antipsychotic/mood stabilizer discontinuation and maintenance groups.

    Methods

    We conducted systematic literature search of Embase, PubMed, and CENTRAL databases without language restriction from inception until 22 May 2020. Independent investigators assessed studies and extracted data. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) and numbers needed to benefit or harm (NNTB/NNTH). Primary outcome was the recurrence rate of any mood episode at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were recurrence rates of depressive episodes and manic/hypomanic/mixed episodes and all-cause discontinuation at 6 months. We also investigated these outcomes at 1, 3, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months.

    Results

    We identified 22 studies (n = 5462) receiving aripiprazole, asenapine, divalproex, long-acting injectable (LAI)-aripiprazole, LAI-risperidone, lamotrigine, lithium, olanzapine, paliperidone, or quetiapine. Mean study duration was 64.50 ± 69.35 weeks. The maintenance group demonstrated lower recurrence rates of any mood episode, depressive episodes, and manic/hypomanic/mixed episodes as well as reduced all-cause discontinuation at every observational point. The RRs (95% confidence interval, NNTB/NNTH) of recurrence rate at 6 months were 0.61 (0.54–0.70, 5) for any mood episode, 0.72 (0.60–0.87, 13) for depressive episodes, and 0.45 (0.36–0.57, 6) for manic/hypomanic/mixed episodes. The RR for all-cause discontinuation at 6 months was 0.71 (0.61–0.82, 6).

    Conclusions

    Maintaining drug treatment during clinically stable BD prevented recurrence for up to 24 months. Discontinuation of medications for ⩾1 month significantly increased recurrence risk. However, 47.3% of patients who discontinued drugs for 6 months did not experience recurrence.

Spaces of Kleinian Groups
  • Edited by Yair N. Minsky, Makoto Sakuma, Caroline Series
  • Published online:
    05 November 2011
    Print publication:
    19 June 2006
  • The subject of Kleinian groups and hyperbolic 3-manifolds is currently undergoing explosively fast development, the last few years having seen the resolution of many longstanding conjectures. This volume contains important expositions and original work by some of the main contributors on topics such as topology and geometry of 3-manifolds, curve complexes, classical Ahlfors-Bers theory, computer explorations and projective structures. Researchers in these and related areas will find much of interest here.

  • Preface

  • Edited by Yair N. Minsky, Yale University, Connecticut, Makoto Sakuma, University of Osaka, Japan, Caroline Series, University of Warwick
  • Book:
    Spaces of Kleinian Groups
    Published online:
    05 November 2011
    Print publication:
    19 June 2006, pp vii-viii

  • Summary

    This volume is the proceedings of the programme Spaces of Kleinian Groups and Hyperbolic 3-Manifolds held at the Isaac Newton Institute in Cambridge, 21 July–15 August 2003. It is a companion volume to Kleinian Groups and Hyperbolic 3-Manifolds, London Mathematical Society Lecture Notes 299, the proceedings of a conference with the same title held at the Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, 11–15 September 2001.

    The period surrounding these two conferences has seen a series of remarkable advances in our understanding of hyperbolic structures on 3-manifolds. Many of the outstanding issues immediately preceding the Newton Institute meeting related to difficulties in extending results from manifolds with incompressible boundary to the general case. Proofs of Thurston's ending lamination conjecture and the Bers–Sullivan–Thurston density conjecture for general tame groups were announced at the meeting, and the picture was completed not long after the Newton programme, with two independent proofs of Marden's tameness conjecture. As a result, we now have a very clear understanding of the internal geometry of hyperbolic 3-manifolds, combined with an increasingly detailed, but quite intricate, picture of the topology and geometry of the associated deformation spaces of discrete groups.

    The Newton Institute meeting turned out to be the international gathering at which many of these new results were disseminated. Almost all the primary contributors took part. Quite how rapid progress has been only became apparent to many of us during the meeting, which will be remembered as a milestone at which all of the new ideas were brought together.

  • Selective growth of MOVPE on AlGaAs/GaAs patterned substrates for quantum nano-structures

  • Makoto Sakuma, Takashi Fukui, Kazuhide Kumakura, Junichi Motohisa
  • Journal:
    MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 448 / 1996
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 September 2012, 259
    Print publication:
    1996

  • We propose and demonstrate a new mask material of AlGaAs native oxide for selective area metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) which has several advantages over conventional SiNx or SiO2 masks. GaAs selective area growth occurs on masked substrate of AlGaAs native oxide whose Al composition is 0.4, and the wire structures with trapezoidal cross section are formed along ]100] direction on (001) GaAs substrates with line & space mask pattern. Furthermore, after annealing the selectively grown GaAs wire samples, GaAs layers can be regrown with atomically smooth surface, in which GaAs wires are perfectly buried. The results show that this novel selective area MOVPE technique using AlGaAs native oxide masks are promising for quantum nano-structure device fabrication.

  • Homology of Abelian Coverings of Links and Spatial Graphs

  • Makoto Sakuma
  • Journal:
    Canadian Journal of Mathematics / Volume 47 / Issue 1 / 01 February 1995
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    20 November 2018, pp. 201-224
    Print publication:
    01 February 1995
    • Article
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  • We give (1) a formula of the first Betti numbers of abelian coverings of links in terms of the Alexander ideals, (2) certain estimates of the orders of the torsion parts of their first homology groups in terms of the Alexander polynomials, and (3) a structure theorem of the first homology groups of -coverings of spatial graphs. As an application, we generalize a result of E. Hironaka on polynomial periodicity of the first Betti numbers in certain towers of abelian coverings of complex surfaces.