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31 results

Page 1 of 2

  • Immigrants and Associations: Chinese in nineteenth-century Singapore

  • Maurice Freedman
  • Journal:
    Comparative Studies in Society and History / Volume 3 / Issue 1 / October 1960
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 June 2009, pp. 25-48

  • The society built up by Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia has always been remarkable for its wealth of voluntary associations. In the various historical and sociological studies of Southeast Asian Chinese which have appeared the importance of associations has been duly stressed, although in respect of only two settlements have we been given full treatment of their structure and significance. In this paper I shall consider the associations which Singapore Chinese created and modified in the course of the nineteenth century. Studying this earlier period of Singapore history we can see how the Chinese members of the colonial society adapted their social organization to the conditions of a trading settlement in which, while they often amassed great riches, they were not their own political masters. At the end of the paper I shall consider the Singapore evidence within the wider setting of Southeast Asia and put forward certain general conclusions which may be taken up in other papers on the same theme.

  • Overseas Chinese Associations: A Comment

  • Maurice Freedman
  • Journal:
    Comparative Studies in Society and History / Volume 3 / Issue 4 / July 1961
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 June 2009, pp. 478-480

  • The two papers on Overseas Chinese (M. Topley, “The Emergence and Social Functions of Chinese Religious Associations in Singapore”, CSSH, and Tsien Tche-hao, “La vie sociale des Chinois à Madagascar”, CSSH, III no. 3) which have followed my own paper (“Immigrants and Associations: Chinese in Nineteenth-Century Singapore”, CSSH, III, no. 1) raise by implication a number of problems. I shall deal first with a few of the points suggested by Mrs. Topley's essay.

Page 1 of 2