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42 results

Page 1 of 3

  • Ludwig W. Adamec 1924–2019

  • Richard M. Eaton
  • Journal:
    Review of Middle East Studies / Volume 53 / Issue 1 / June 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 July 2019, pp. 104-108
    Print publication:
    June 2019
    • Article
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  • Access, Education and Policy Awareness: Predictors of Influenza Vaccine Acceptance Among VHA Healthcare Workers

  • Jennifer Lipkowitz Eaton, David C. Mohr, Kathleen M. McPhaul, Richard A. Kaslow, Richard A. Martinello
  • Journal:
    Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 38 / Issue 8 / August 2017
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    23 June 2017, pp. 970-975
    Print publication:
    August 2017
  • OBJECTIVE

    To identify predictors of influenza vaccine acceptance among VHA healthcare workers (HCWs), with emphasis on modifiable factors related to promotion campaigns.

    DESIGN

    Survey.

    SETTING

    National single-payer healthcare system with 140 hospitals and 321,000 HCWs.

    PARTICIPANTS

    National voluntary sample of HCWs in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) system.

    METHODS

    We invited a random sample of 5% of all VHA HCWs to participate. An 18-item intranet-based survey inquired about occupation, vaccination status, employer policy, and local campaign efforts.

    RESULTS

    The response rate was 17.4%. Of 2,502 initial respondents, 2,406 (96.2%) provided usable data. This sample includes respondents from all 140 VA hospitals. Self-reported influenza vaccination rates were highest among physicians (95.6%) and licensed independent providers (88.3%). Nonclinical staff (80.7%) reported vaccine uptake similar to other certified but nonlicensed providers (81.2%). The strongest predictor of vaccine acceptance among VHA HCWs was individual awareness of organizational policy. Vaccine acceptance was also higher among HCWs who reported more options for access to vaccination and among those in facilities with more education activities.

    CONCLUSIONS

    Influenza vaccine acceptance varied significantly by employee awareness of employer policy and on-site access to vaccine. Employer-sponsored activities to increase access continue to show positive returns across occupations. Local influenza campaign efforts to educate HCWs may have reached saturation in this target group. These results suggest that focused communications to increase HCW awareness and understanding of employer policy can drive further increase in influenza vaccination acceptance.

    Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:970–975

  • Rethinking Religious Divides

  • Richard M. Eaton
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Asian Studies / Volume 73 / Issue 2 / May 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    04 June 2014, pp. 305-308
    Print publication:
    May 2014

  • Notwithstanding the considerable body of scholarship on South Asian history that has appeared over the past several decades, we still live with the image of a monolithic and alien Islam colliding with an equally monolithic Hinduism, construed as indigenous, and from the eleventh century on, politically suppressed. Such a cardboard-cutout caricature survives in much of India's tabloid media, as well as in textbooks informed by a revivalist, aggressively political strand of Hinduism, or “Hindutva.” Though useful for stoking primordial identities or mobilizing support for political agendas, this caricature thrives on a pervasive ignorance of South Asia's past. Removing such ignorance is precisely the endeavor to which academic institutions, and scholarship more generally, are properly committed.

Expanding Frontiers in South Asian and World History
  • Essays in Honour of John F. Richards
  • Edited by Richard M. Eaton, Munis D. Faruqui, David Gilmartin, Sunil Kumar
  • Published online:
    05 January 2014
    Print publication:
    07 March 2013
  • This book has brought together some of the foremost scholars of South Asian and global history, who were colleagues and associates of Professor John F. Richards, to discuss themes that marked his work as a historian in an academic career of almost forty years. It encapsulates discussions under the rubric of 'frontiers' in multiple contexts. Frontier has often been conceived as a space of transformation marking new forms of economic organization, commodity trade, land settlement and state authority. The essays here underline the range of interests and approaches that marked Professor Richards' illustrious career - frontiers and state building; frontiers and environmental change; cultural frontiers; frontiers, trade and drugs; and frontiers and world history. The volume discusses issues from medieval to early modern South Asian history. It also reflects a concern for large-scale global processes and for the detailed specificities of each historical case as evident in Professor Richards' work.

  • 11 - ‘Kiss My Foot,’ Said the King: Firearms, Diplomacy and the Battle for Raichur, 1520

  • Edited by Richard M. Eaton, University of Arizona, Munis D. Faruqui, University of California, Berkeley, David Gilmartin, North Carolina State University, Sunil Kumar, University of Delhi
  • Book:
    Expanding Frontiers in South Asian and World History
    Published online:
    05 January 2014
    Print publication:
    07 March 2013, pp 275-298

  • Summary

    INTRODUCTION

    Frontiers may be understood as spatial counterparts to revolutions: the one denotes a perceived break in continuous territory, the other a perceived rupture in time. In recent decades, historians have written of a worldwide military, or ‘gunpowder’ revolution that took place in the centuries following the fourteenth. Such a notion has in turn prompted several lines of enquiry. Some have tried to locate the moment in time when this revolution occurred in particular regions. Others have sought to identify and compare the various effects that the advent, spread and use of gunpowder had in different socio-political environments across the planet.

    The present essay explores a little-studied event in South Asian history, the Battle for Raichur (1520), with a view to evaluating that battle's relevance both to the idea of the frontier and to that of the military revolution. The city of Raichur occupies the heart of an exceptionally fertile tract in India's Deccan plateau—the so-called ‘Raichur Doab’—which lies between the Tungabhadra and Krishna rivers (see Figure 1, Map). For several centuries before 1520, the Bahmani sultans to the north of the Doab and the kings of Vijayanagara to the south repeatedly fought over access to the Doab's economic resources. Control of the fortified city of Raichur figured in all of these struggles. The battle in question was also a prelude to the more famous Battle of Talikota (1565), a conflict that permanently reconfigured the geopolitics of the Deccan plateau.

  • ‘Kiss My Foot,’ Said the King: Firearms, Diplomacy, and the Battle for Raichur, 1520

  • RICHARD M. EATON
  • Journal:
    Modern Asian Studies / Volume 43 / Issue 1 / January 2009
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 January 2009, pp. 289-313
    Print publication:
    January 2009

  • The little-known Battle for Raichur (1520), waged between Krishna Raya of Vijayanagara and Sultan Isma'il ‘Adil Shah of Bijapur, saw a number of firsts in South Asian history: the earliest significant appearance of cannon—whether used offensively as field artillery, or used defensively on the battlements of forts—the earliest known appearance of matchlock firearms, and the first significant use of European mercenaries. It followed the merging of new gunpowder technologies after engagements between Portuguese and Ottoman navies off the Konkan coast. Notably, the side that lost the battle, Bijapur, had the superior firepower. The essay also explores the extraordinary round of diplomacy that followed the battle and the humiliating demands Krishna Raya imposed on the defeated sultan. These demands, and the military and diplomatic manoeuvres that accompanied them, likely sowed the seeds for Vijayanagara's spectacular defeat and destruction forty-five years later, at the Battle of Talikota.

A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761
  • Eight Indian Lives
  • Richard M. Eaton
  • Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    17 November 2005
  • In this fascinating account of one of the least known parts of South Asia, Eaton recounts the history of the Deccan plateau in southern India from the fourteenth century to the rise of European colonialism. He does so, vividly, through the lives of eight Indians who lived at different times during this period, and who each represented something particular about the Deccan. In the first chapter, for example, the author describes the demise of the regional kingdom through the life of a maharaja. In the second, a Sufi sheikh illustrates Muslim piety and state authority. Other characters include a merchant, a general, a slave, a poet, a bandit and a female pawnbroker. Their stories are woven together into a rich narrative tapestry, which illumines the most important social processes of the Deccan across four centuries. This is a much-needed book by the most highly regarded scholar in the field.

  • 4 - Rama Raya (1484–1565): élite mobility in a Persianized world

  • Richard M. Eaton, University of Arizona
  • Book:
    A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    17 November 2005, pp 78-104

  • Summary

    Rama Raya appears in recorded history in 1512, when Sultan Quli Qutb al-Mulk enrolled this Telugu warrior as a military commander and holder of a land assignment in the newly emerged sultanate of Golkonda. By the early sixteenth century, royal patrons at Vijayanagara were building the monumental temples that have become today, in the popular imagination, iconic images of the state. In 1515 armies of Bijapur, one of Sultan Quli's rivals to the west and another Bahmani successor-state, invaded the districts under Rama Raya's charge. The view of Vijayanagara as the victim of Islamic aggression, and therefore of Talikota as some sort of titanic 'clash of civilizations', is informed by a highly reductionist view of the presumed essential character of both Vijayanagara and the northern sultanates. Most of the political culture of both Vijayanagara and its northern neighbors was Persian, whether elements of that culture had originated in Iran itself or had been transmitted through Iran en route to India.

  • 2 - Muhammad Gisu Daraz (1321–1422): Muslim piety and state authority

  • Richard M. Eaton, University of Arizona
  • Book:
    A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    17 November 2005, pp 33-58

  • Summary

    In 1325 Ulugh Khan was crowned Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq, ruler of a vast empire that under his reign would become India's largest until the British Raj. Two years later, in a bold move that brought about a major shift in the Delhi Sultanate's geo-political center, the new sovereign declared Daulatabad, though located some 600 miles south of Delhi, the co-capital of his sprawling domain. In 1400, in Gujarat, Gisu Daraz resolved to return to his childhood home of Daulatabad and pay respects at the tomb of his father, Saiyid Yusuf. In the northern Deccan, Sultan 'Ala al-Din Hasan Bahman Shah, soon after throwing off Tughluq authority in 1347, shifted the Bahmani capital from Daulatabad to the ancient fort-city of Gulbarga. It is against the backdrop of the complex relationship between Bahmani sultans and shaikhs, exhibiting both mutual attraction and mutual repulsion, narrative of Gisu Daraz is reviewed.

  • 3 - Mahmud Gawan (1411–1481): Deccanis and Westerners

  • Richard M. Eaton, University of Arizona
  • Book:
    A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    17 November 2005, pp 59-77

  • Summary

    Sometime in 1453, the same year that the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople carried Persian civilization to the frontiers of Europe, a high-born Iranian merchant named Mahmud Gawan stepped onto India's western shores. From the docks of Dabhol, Gawan oversaw the off-loading of the consignments he had brought with him from Iran to India. Gawan joined the stream of other Westerners who for decades had been migrating to the Deccan and had taken up service in Bidar, the Bahmani capital. Notwithstanding Bidar's cultural enrichment owing to the court's patronage of Westerners like Mahmud Gawan, that enrichment came at a heavy cost. Gawan's protracted expedition, which lasted from 1469 to 1472, thus aimed at subduing both the hill-forts and the sea forts from which local chieftains had been harassing strategic trade routes. Focused on its glittering Royal Chamber and Hall of Public Audience, Bidar in the fifteenth century came close to becoming what Delhi had long been, an imperial center.

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