This article introduces and reviews archaeological and textual evidence related to Zeng, one of the most prominent and long-standing regional states in late Bronze Age China. It reconstructs the history of Zeng using diverse types of data and, most critically, examines how Zeng formed and engaged in interregional networks of interaction and exchange. By adopting a network-based perspective, this article challenges the traditional Zhou-centric framework and, in doing so, rediscovers the significance of Zeng in the history of Early China.

This article examines the inscriptional narratives of the chime bells of Lord Qiu of Zeng (c. 650 bce) and Marquis Yu of Zeng (c. 500 bce). These inscriptions were carefully crafted as speeches integral to ritual performances, tailored to address the distinct political and social concerns of their donors. Through an analysis of their composition, textual content, historical context, and materiality, this article explores the messages Qiu and Yu intended to convey and the utility these narratives served via the medium of bronze bells and inscriptions. It argues that while Lord Qiu of Zeng sought to legitimize and celebrate Zeng’s superior position, Marquis Yu of Zeng aimed to affirm loyalty to Chu while simultaneously asserting Zeng’s autonomous position within Chu’s political order.