This chapter traces the ways in which Surrealist concepts and textual features were engaged by and absorbed into Australian poetry. It begins with Surrealism’s early reception in the 1930s, followed by the response of writers associated with Angry Penguins, and the work of Ern Malley. It then considers the re-emergence of interest in Surrealism in the ‘generation of ’68’, particularly in the writing of Jas H. Duke, Philip Hammial and John Jenkins. The chapter concludes by analysing the Surrealist ‘automatic effect’ in selected contemporary poets.

This chapter identifies Symbolism’s influence on Australian poetry as taking two trajectories. The first, more dominant trajectory traces the Symbolism as emerging from A. G. Stephens’s editorial work and Christopher Brennan’s adaptation of Mallarmé’s doctrine into a metaphysical tradition. The chapter follows its continuation in the poetry of A. R. Chisholm, Randolph Hughes, Nettie Palmer, Zora Cross, the Vision circle, Douglas Stewart, Francis Webb, Kenneth Slessor, Judith Wright, A. D. Hope and James McAuley. The chapter argues that a second, more adventurous and feral trajectory includes Brennan’s most experimental writing, the work of Ern Malley, Patrick White’s Voss, and more recent poetry by Robert Adamson, John Tranter and Chris Edwards.

The introduction by the co-editors both surveys the biography of María Irene Fornés and highlights the significance of Fornés’s work within and beyond the US theatre context. The co-editors also offer a summary overview of the goals of the volume, detailing the thematic and contextual priorities of each of the volume’s four parts (Places and People; Theatre; Culture, Society, and Politics; Legacy). Next, the co-editors offer six potential pathways (Experimentation, Pedagogy, Bilinguality, Networks, Archival Discoveries, "Choose Your Own Adventure") for readers, teachers, and students to follow as they choose "how to use" the volume. Finally, the co-editors conclude with a word of welcome to readers, inviting them to the process of the many as-yet-to-be-told stories of María Irene Fornés in her many contexts.

Generative AI offers a new lever for re-enchanting public administration, with the potential to contribute to a turning point in the project to ‘reinvent government’ through technology. Its deployment and use in public administration raise the question of its regulation. Adopting an empirical perspective, this chapter analyses how the United States of America and the European Union have regulated the deployment and use of this technology within their administrations. This transatlantic perspective is justified by the fact that these two entities have been very quick to regulate the issue of the deployment and use of this technology within their administrations. They are also considered to be emblematic actors in the regulation of AI. Finally, they share a common basis in terms of public law, namely their adherence to the rule of law. In this context, the chapter highlights four regulatory approaches to regulating the development and use of generative AI in public administration: command and control, the risk-based approach, the experimental approach, and the management-based approach. It also highlights the main legal issues raised by the use of such technology in public administration and the key administrative principles and values that need to be safeguarded.

Anchored in the theoretical perspectives explored in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 surveys the historical development of infant pain denial from 1890 until 1950 in three scientific communities: the child study movement, behavioural psychology and paediatrics. The analysis shows the extent to which figurations of children’s pain were products of a struggle for recognition between contending disciplines and delves into the reasons for the scepticism towards pain, which had important consequences in paediatrics.

Chapter 1 examines the interpretations of children’s language of pain, particularly screams and cries, by different professional bodies between 1870 and 1900. The chapter connects Charles Darwin’s evolutionist perspective inaugurated in ‘A Biographical Sketch of an Infant’ with the theoretical curiosity that informed embryologists’ and psychologists’ instrumental approach to pain, contrasting this with the practical paediatric challenge of understanding children to diagnose and treat them. This chapter also considers the photographic representations of sick children used for fundraising by the Great Ormond Street Hospital.

This chapter delves a little more deeply into a particular experimental investigation from the seventeenth century. Robert Boyle’s air-pump allowed him to evacuate (nearly) all of the air from an enclosed chamber. He sought to investigate various phenomena, including the recent discovery that, in a tube filled with mercury and open at one end and then inverted into an open dish filled with mercury, an apparently empty space will appear at the top (closed) end of the tube. Boyle’s experiments are credited with having led to the modern conception of air pressure, but his conclusions were met with controversy.

Travis Chi Wing Lau addresses the place of race within Romantic-era medical discourse, calling attention to the disabling forms of experimentation on Black bodies that enabled anatomical research. There is, Lau points out, a key irony in these experiments, as the study of those who were understood to be fundamentally pathological led to universalizing conclusions about the nature of normative, white man. If this sounds like a moment of merely historical interest, Lau assures us it is not. Rather, the legacy of the racialized discourse of medicine can be witnessed in ongoing health disparities among differently racialized groups.

The chapter looks at a substantial number of texts outside the boundaries usually placed in Byzantine Studies through conventional taxonomic categories such as genre or antithetic pairs like learned versus vernacular language. Four larger themes are used to explore this varied textual production and offer a proposal for understanding its basic socio-cultural and aesthetic functions for its immediate recipients and later readers. The four themes discussed are education and literature, patronage and literary production, rhetoric and genre in prose and poetry, narrative art from the enormous to the small. Despite the strong presence of ‘Hellenic’ subjects, Komnenian literature owes more to its own dynamism (deriving from a reformed teacherly practice in the schools) than to the imitation of ancient models. At the same time, the role of the patrons in promoting literary production shapes much of both learned and vernacular literary experimentation, while religious literature generously defined is strongly involved in an ongoing experimentation with form and content. Finally, the chapter asks whether any form of change can be traced within the literary production of the Komnenian era.

Whatever their private religious convictions, nearly all contemporary psychologists of religion – when they act in professional roles – agree to operate in accordance with scientific rules. Recognition of the imperfections of individual methodologies has led to an emphasis on testing theories and verifying “facts” in multiple studies. Most of this chapter explores the pros and cons associated with various research methods, including experimentation, observation, and survey research. Although the logic of experimentation is undeniable and psychologists in various subfields frequently deem it the method of choice, many questions that we most want to answer in the psychology of religion cannot be addressed through experiments that are feasible, ethical, and convincing. Thus, the psychology of religion has always relied heavily on quantitative and qualitative survey research studies. Good surveys must strive to avoid biases rooted in question wording, question order, mode of data collection, social desirability, attitude-behavior discrepancies, and the tendency to overreport religious behavior. Fortunately, many existing measures of religious attitudes and behaviors have good psychometric qualities.

This chapter focuses on how governments, public organizations, and public sector employees and managers can be more innovative. In other words, the motivating question is: What are the drivers and conditions for innovations in the public sector? Conditions for innovation are also essential because public sector employees, employees’ work groups, public organizations, countries, and international and supranational organizations must innovate. Thus, an important question becomes how and why individuals, groups, organizations, countries, and international organizations achieve innovations. What are the conditions for innovation? Answering this question is vital because it explains how governments (at national, regional, state, and local levels), organizations, groups, and individuals can innovate when there are the right conditions. In other words, based on the context and actors’ involvement, public organizations may require different conditions to innovate. This chapter discusses drivers and conditions of innovations at the national, organizational, workgroup, and individual levels.

The design of a new digital business model is typically based on shaky assumptions and rough estimates. As the innovator further develops the proposed product or service, they need to carefully collect user feedback and market data to refine the assumptions and generate more precise estimates. Some of the trickiest challenges in launching a digital innovation include customer acquisition, business model validation, and gaining network momentum. This chapter first discusses how to address the challenges of customer acquisition in digital markets, and then describes an experimental method for validating the features of the business model. The chapter finishes with tools for kindling network effects and fomenting the growth of the platform ecosystem.

Chinese courts began to issue anti-suit injunctions (ASIs) in 2020 against litigants in foreign courts that had filed lawsuits to obtain a FRAND rate setting. Although these ASIs are a legal “transplant” from common law countries, they may also be viewed as “false friends” with significant differences from the jurisdictions from which they were imported. Several distinct vectors stand out: (a) China’s ASI practice and Chinese industrial policies are closely integrated into China’s domestic efforts to become an innovative power and standard essential patent (SEP) litigation norm setter; (b) China’s ASI efforts are part of a continuum of decades-long efforts to exert greater international influence, including in “judicial sovereignty” and global FRAND rate setting; and (c) the lack of transparency around China’s ASI practices, including the small and incomplete cohort of published cases, an apparent slow-down in recent ASI decisions, and Chinese traditions of experimentation in intellectual property (IP) legislation and practice, make it difficult at this time to determine how China’s ASI regime will further evolve into a system that is more compatible with other countries. This chapter more generally contributes to discussions around the appropriability of IP-related legal transplants into China by proposing that the differences between Chinese practices and practices in foreign countries may often be more significant than surface similarities.

The Introduction provides an overview of the history, practice, and future directions of the field. It considers the coherence and stability of the category of contemporary African American literature, examines multiple genealogies and questions of periodization, and describes varied aesthetic practices of grief and grievance, experimentation and play. Embedding African American cultural production within the fraught history of the last five decades, this chapter examines various forces shaping the creation of innovative genres, the turn to the afterlife of slavery, the pull toward protest, and the impact of new and expanded geographies and methods.

The overlap of poetry and essay in modern and contemporary American writing is the focus of this chapter. Covering the literary manifesto, essays on poetry, and the rise of the modern poet-critic, the chapter explores examples of formal and procedural essaying in postmodern and contemporary poetry. These include construction and deconstruction of a speaker-subject, theoretical experimentation, translation, documentary, and social critique. The chapter reflects on the position of the subjective "I" in the essay, lyric and experimental poetry, and hybrids of these and dwells in its conclusion on the problems of form and process in the lyric essay or essayistic poem.

The essay film in the United States has not been thoroughly investigated, even if it has existed in the US cinematic landscape from the earliest years throughout the twentieth century and into the twenty-first century. Beginning with early theories of the essay film that emerged from Europe, the chapter explores the relationships between American essay film and bordering forms like documentary, art film, and experimental cinema. The final pages of the chapter analyze the contributions of filmmakers belonging to the LA Rebellion and influenced by Third Cinema and conclude with a mention of newer forms like the video essay and desktop documentary.