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On the fifth anniversary of the establishment of the Kyoko Selden Memorial Translation Prize through the generosity of her colleagues, students, and friends, the Department of Asian Studies at Cornell University is pleased to announce the winners of the 2018 Prize.
The Xia-Shang Zhou Chronology Project was a five-year state-sponsored project, carried out between 1995–2000, to determine an absolute chronology of the Western Zhou dynasty and approximate chronologies of the Xia and Shang dynasties. At the end of the five years, the Project issued a provisional report entitled Report on the 1996–2000 Provisional Results of the Xia-Shang Zhou Chronology Project: Brief Edition detailing its results. A promised full report was finally published in 2022: Report on the Xia-Shang Zhou Chronology Project. Although numerous discoveries in the more than twenty years between the publications of the Brief Edition and the Report have revealed that the Project's absolute chronology of the Western Zhou is fundamentally flawed, and some of the problems are acknowledged by the Report, still the Report maintains the Project's chronology without any correction. In the review, I present four of these discoveries, from four different periods of the Western Zhou, discussing their implications for the Project's chronology. I conclude with a call for some sort of authoritative statement acknowledging the errors in the report.
This article summarizes relevant historical developments involving Taiwan and Okinawa in Asia-Pacific multilateral relations over the longue durée, and suggests future prospects.
1. Both Taiwan and the Ryukyus are within the Kuroshio (Black Tide) Current Civilization Zone (from approximately the beginning of the 3rd Century): At that time, crops such as cassava and yams traveled northbound with the Kuroshio Currents, which ran from the Philippines to Taiwan and the Ryukyus to Kyushu, while crops such as millet in northern parts of South East Asia traveled to Taiwan via the South Sea and further traveled to the Ryukyus and Kyushu. Together with the path of rice from south of China's Yangtze River via Korea to Kyushu, Japan these were two important sea-borne cultural exchange paths in the Asia-Pacific. However, by the 3rd Century, the direct route from south of the Yangzi to central Japan, as well as the Silk Road from Chang'an in Northwest China to Central Asia, and the shipping route from Guangzhou to India superseded the aforesaid routes. As a result, Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands became isolated on the international stage for about one thousand years (Ts'ao, 1988).
Professor Zhang Zhongpei was a field archeologist, a Professor of archaeology at Jilin University, and a highly valued Ph.D. director of scores of students. He served in many influential capacities including as the Director of the Palace Museum in Beijing. Among archaeologists he is known through his many publications on regional cultures and through his twenty-year membership on the State Bureau of Cultural Relics which granted permits for archaeological projects that reshaped our understanding of the emergence of Chinese civilization. Zhang Zhongpei passed away at the age of eighty-three on July 3, 2017 in Beijing.
I have obtained many egg-masses of this species the present season, and have had them deposited by moths reared in confinement. Even in a state of nature they are deposited quite irregularly, some fastened on one of the compressed sides, some piled on top of others, but most of them on the small end as in the closely allied Maia. The average length is 0.07, largest width 0.05, and greatest thickness 0.03 inch. They are compressed on two sides, and flattened at the apex, the attached end smallest. when first deposited they are pure cream color, with a translucent yellow spot on the flattened apex.
The scribes of the Latin poets were not, as a rule, in the habit of interpolating exclamatory particles; on the contrary, their tendency was to trivialise. The particle io has MSS authority in two passages in Ovid where distinguished critics reject it.
Kenney in the Oxford Text of Ars Amatoria 3.742 prints.
The Galileo mission was designed to be a detailed, in-depth investigation of Jupiter's atmosphere, the nature and evolution of its satellites and rings, and its magnetospheric environment. The Galileo spacecraft (Figure 3.1) and instrumentation were already under development by the end of the 1970s. Galileo consisted of an orbiter and an atmospheric probe that was destined to plunge into Jupiter's atmosphere. Galileo was a large spacecraft, weighing 2717 kg at launch. Of this mass, 925 kg was usable propellant, 339 kg was the atmospheric probe, and 118 kg was dedicated to orbiter science instruments. To maintain stability, the spacecraft rotated about its central axis at rates of up to 10 rpm. A “de-spun” section rotated at the same rate in the opposite direction in order to provide a stable platform for the imaging instruments. Four instruments (Table 3.1) – three imagers and an ultraviolet sensor – covering the electromagnetic spectrum from the extreme ultraviolet to the far infrared were mounted on a movable scan platform that allowed pointing of the instruments and the slews necessary to compensate for blur during fast satellite fly-bys. These instruments were bore-sighted to allow complementary imaging of a target by all of the imagers.
Galileo arrived at Jupiter on December 7, 1995. That it arrived at all was a triumph of human ingenuity over adversity, a decade of stubborn tenacity, and brilliant engineering solutions to some of the most intractable problems ever encountered with a spacecraft.
The most powerful volcanoes in the Solar System are not on Earth, but on Io, a tiny moon of Jupiter. Whilst Earth and Io are the only bodies in the Solar System to have active, high-temperature volcanoes, those found on Io are larger, hotter, and more violent. This, the first book dedicated to volcanism on Io, contains the latest results from Galileo mission data analysis. As well as investigating the different styles and scales of volcanic activity on Io, it compares these volcanoes to their contemporaries on Earth. The book also provides a background to how volcanoes form and how they erupt, and explains quantitatively how remote-sensing data from spacecraft and telescopes are analysed to reveal the underlying volcanic processes. This richly illustrated book will be a fascinating reference for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and researchers in planetary sciences, volcanology, remote sensing and geology.
The Hellenistic poet Lycophron, who wrote tragedies and assembled the texts of comedy under Ptolemy Philadelphus for the Library at Alexandria, was probably also the author of the long poem Alexandra, which deals mainly with the theme of Troy. Recent studies by Stephanie West have appreciably advanced our understanding of this rather difficult poet. For the passages where Lycophron surprisingly presents phases of Roman history she cogently adduces a later poet, a ‘Deutero-Lycophron, …to be sought among the artists of Dionysus in southern Italy’. A theme in Graeco-Egyptian mythology is the subject of the present paper; and one of my main points is that recent Egyptological research has a clear bearing on one of the problems.
To unlock the secrets of Io's volcanism and, therefore, the story of the formation and evolution of the jovian system, observations must continue to extend the time-series data that have proven to be so valuable up to now. Taking a broader view, no other body in the Solar System is subject to as much tidal heating as Io, but tidal heating does play an important dynamic role in heating other planetary satellites, such as Europa and Enceladus. To better understand the process, it is therefore logical to study Io, where tidal heating is at its most extreme. Observations of Io can be made from spacecraft and from telescopes, both on the ground and in space. It will be interesting to see how Io changes over the next 20, 50, and 100 years in observations at increasing temporal and spatial resolutions.
Spacecraft observations
At the time of this writing, the only high-spatial-resolution spacecraft observations of Io that are likely in the next decade will be in February, 2007 from the NASA New Frontiers Program New Horizons spacecraft, as it passes at high velocity through the jovian system on its way to a rendezvous with Pluto in 2016. The following is a description of planned Io observations as presented by John Spencer, a New Horizons Science Team Member, at a meeting of the ad hoc Io Working Group in June, 2006.