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Previous studies of Greek oracles have largely studied their social and political connections. In contrast, this pioneering volume explores the experience of visiting the oracle of Zeus at Dodona in NW Greece, focusing on the role of the senses and embodied cognition. Building on the unique corpus of oracular question tablets found at the site, it investigates how this experience made new ways of knowing and new forms of knowledge available. Combining traditional treatments of evidence with more recent theoretical approaches, including from psychology, narratology and environmental humanities, the chapters explore the role of nature, sound, touch, and stories in the experience of consultation. By evoking the details of this experience, they help the reader understand more deeply what it was like for ancient men and women to visit the oracle and ask the god for help. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
This volume shows how remote work is regulated by a holistic set of arrangements that govern all forms of employment, weaving together labor institutions in complex ways that the book presents and explains. The scholarship assembled here examines the handling of remote work through institutional analysis cutting across national cases and focusing on both fundamental rights and regulatory challenges. The rights that are examined – by analyzing their nteraction with employer powers – include privacy, equality and non-discrimination as well as collective rights and the distribution of responsibilities in the workplace. The book shows how the location of work interacts with new technologies redefining the universe of labor relations and the institutional system governing employment. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
This Element traces the origins and earliest manifestations of gender bias in the English language. The analysis is based on a corpus of Old English prose texts, written between the ninth and the eleventh centuries. The results are interpreted in the historical, cultural and literary context of Anglo-Saxon England and early medieval Europe. The investigation shows a significant difference in the way women and men are presented in Old English texts, with the former clearly associated with family life, portrayed in the context of their physical appearance, marriage and childbearing, rarely involved in meaningful activities and presented as possessions of their male relatives. Situating the linguistic representations of women in the context of Christianity, the Element demonstrates that late Old English can be seen as a vehicle of language bias that will establish male domination for centuries to come. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
How do law and morality relate to each other in Kant's philosophy? Is law to be understood merely as an application of general moral principles to legal institutions, or does law have its own normativity that cannot be traced back to that of morality? This volume of new essays is a comprehensive treatment of law and morality in Kant, which also sheds new light on Kant's practical philosophy more broadly. The essays present different approaches to this core issue and address related topics including the justification of legal coercion, the role of freedom and autonomy for law and politics, legal punishment and the question of its ethical presuppositions, moral luck, and the role of permissive laws in Kant's legal and political philosophy. The volume will be of interest to researchers and graduate students working on Kant's moral and legal philosophy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
In an era of constant policy growth (known as policy accumulation), effective policy implementation is a growing challenge for democratic governance across the globe. Triage Bureaucracy explores how government agencies handle expanding portfolios of rules, programs, and regulations using 'policy triage' – a set of strategies for balancing limited resources across increasing implementation demands. Drawing on case studies from six diverse European countries, the authors show how organizations' vulnerability to overburdening and their ability to compensate for overload determine why policy implementation succeeds in some cases while it fails in others. Triage Bureaucracy offers a deeper understanding of the organizational dynamics behind effective governance and, by placing bureaucratic actors at the center of the policy process, shows why policy growth often outpaces our ability to implement it – shedding light on the consequences of an ever expanding policy state. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Arguments from failure – arguments that an institution must expand its powers because another institution is failing in some way 'to do its job' – are commonplace. From structural reform litigation, where courts sometimes assume administrative or legislative functions, to the Uniting for Peace Resolution of the UN General Assembly, to the recent bill quashing British subpostmasters' convictions – such arguments are offered in justification for unorthodox exercises of public power. But in spite of their popularity, we lack a good understanding of these arguments in legal terms. This is partly because failure itself is a highly malleable concept and partly because arguments from failure blur into other more familiar legal doctrines about implied powers or emergencies. We can do better. We should recognize arguments from failure as a distinct concept of public law and understand that contemporary constitutional theory offers us tools to evaluate such arguments in different settings This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
By exploring the dynamic relationships between politics, policymaking, and policy over time, this book aims to explain why climate change mitigation is so political, and why politics is also indispensable in enacting real change. It argues that politics is poorly understood and often sidelined in research and policy circles, which is an omission that must be rectified, because the policies that we rely on to drive down greenhouse gas emissions are deeply inter-connected with political and social contexts. Incorporating insights from political economy, socio-technical transitions, and public policy, this book provides a framework for understanding the role of specific ideas, interests, and institutions in shaping and driving sustainable change. The chapters present examples at global, national, and local scales, spanning from the 1990s to 2020s. This volume will prove valuable for graduate students, researchers, and policymakers interested in the politics and policy of climate change.
What is the problem that solidarity is invoked as a solution to? How are solidarity schemes narrated? Which particular interests are pursued in its name? In this book, leading authorities in law, philosophy and political sciences respond to the solidarity question, drawing on debates on international law, international aid, collective security, joint action, market organization and neoliberalism, international human rights across the North/South divide, African mobility, transnational labour in the digital age and populism. This volume captures the shifting nature of long held historical assumptions on solidarity. Its twelve chapters open up for differentiated understandings of solidarity in law and politics beyond discursive cliché or ideological appropriation, bringing crises of the past into conversation with the crises of today. This book is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This Element seeks to develop an empirical research agenda that explores the applicability of the growth model perspective in comparative political economy to emerging capitalist economies (ECEs). Such an approach emphasizes the variety of possible growth models and their implications for development, providing an alternative to universalizing economic models as prevalent in mainstream development discourse. Using national accounts data for several large ECEs in the period from 2001 to 2022, the authors first propose a typology of peripheral growth models with varying degrees of economic vulnerability. Most notably, they add an investment-led model to the prevalent juxtaposition of consumption-led and export-led growth models. Subsequently, they employ several case vignettes from Brazil, Indonesia, South Africa, Turkey, Thailand and Vietnam to unpack the effects of volatile international interdependencies, such as commodity cycles, and diverse political underpinnings on peripheral growth models. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
David Collier is among the most influential thinkers on conceptualization, foundational to social science inquiry. An eminent political scientist, he specializes in mixed methods and comparative politics. Working with Concepts brings together David Collier's most influential research on concepts and measurement, refined and reframed, to offer a systematic approach to concept analysis. It serves as a reference book for both students and seasoned scholars grappling with concepts. Collier's essays are accompanied by commentaries by twelve scholars who connect his contributions to ongoing debates in the field. The commentaries open up new lines of research and provoke ongoing scholarly reaction and innovation. Tightly organized with the aim of moving the field forward, this collection of essays explores some of the contours of the field and its milestones to show how careful work with concepts is a foundation of good methodology. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
On the northern periphery of Nairobi, in southern Kiambu County, the city's expansion into a landscape of poor smallholders is bringing new opportunities, dilemmas, and conflicts. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, Peter Lockwood examines how Kiambu's 'workers with patches of land' struggle to sustain their households as the skyrocketing price of land ratchets up gendered and generational tensions within families. The sale of ancestral land by senior men turns would-be inheritors, their young adult sons, into landless and land-poor paupers, heightening their exposure to economic precarity. Peasants to Paupers illuminates how these dynamics are lived at the site of kinship, how moral principles of patrilineal obligation and land retention fail in the face of market opportunity. Caught between joblessness, land poverty and the breakdown of kinship, the book shows how Kiambu's young men struggle to sustain hopes for middle-class lifestyles as the economic ground shifts beneath their feet.This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
This Element maps the relationship between taxation and social policy from a comparative and historical perspective. It critically reviews studies in fiscal sociology, history, political science and political economy to highlight blind spots in the body of knowledge that future studies could explore. It shows that exploring the revenue side of social policy offers compelling answers to central questions tackled in welfare state scholarship and addresses questions such as: What explains the introduction and timing of social programs? How can we understand processes of welfare state expansion and retrenchment? What determines the redistributive capacity of welfare states? What accounts for variations in redistributive capacity between groups and across generations in different countries? While bringing in the financing side of social policy complements prevailing accounts in the welfare state literature, studying financing can also transform how we understand social policy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Critical Perspectives on Data Access for Research provides a rich and interdisciplinary critique on regulation that opens the 'black box' of technology companies to researchers. It brings together scholars from across the globe, working in varied fields including critical legal studies, science and technology studies, critical data studies and digital humanities. The book explores questions of data access – to acquire and use data meaningfully as well as resist power. It covers a variety of themes, including the opportunities and challenges of the law as a tool for observing digital infrastructures, political economy of data access for research and the power dynamics between academia, private/public sector, and civil society. In doing so, the book also examines these questions in terms of the politics of knowledge production, discussing if there is a privileging of geographical and institutional contexts in data access regimes.This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Climate Justice: Resisting Marginalisation examines the impact of climate change on marginalized communities across the globe and the different ways of resisting these impacts. The book underlines the imbalanced consequences of climate change, driven by the power disparities between the global North and South. It investigates how climate change aggravates structural inequalities, focusing on the intersectionality of gender, race, technology, and politics. Through a study of resistance and marginalization, the book analyses how these systemic injustices are perpetuated, while offering understandings into the struggles and strategies to build a justice oriented approach to combating climate change. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
According to Kant, citizenship amounts to freedom (Freiheit), equality (Gleichheit), and civil self-sufficiency (Selbständigkeit). This Element provides a unifying interpretation of these three elements. Vrousalis argues that Kant affirms the idea of interdependent independence: in the just society, citizens have independent use of their interdependent rightful powers. Kant therefore thinks of the modern state as a system of cooperative production, in which reciprocal entitlements to one another's labour carry a justificatory burden. The empirical form of that ideal is a republic of economically independent commodity producers. It follows that citizenship and poverty, for Kant, are inextricably connected. Vrousalis explains how Kant's arguments anticipate Hegel's discussion of the division of labour, Marx's account of alienated labour, and Rawls' defence of a well-ordered society. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The key argument of the volume is that post-1989 transformation deeply affected states and societies on both sides of the former Iron Curtain and was mutually constitutive. While post-communist Europe had to re-invent itself to be 'admitted' to the EU, the old member states and the EU changed too – less visibly, but no less profoundly. This volume examines these transformations from a new perspective, defined by scholars from post-communist Europe, who set the agenda of the volume in a series of workshops. Their colleagues from the 'West' were invited to reflect on the experience of their countries in the light of the questions and concerns defined in those workshops. The authors include scholars from a variety of backgrounds: established and young, coming from all parts of the continent and having different views on the politics of European integration. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Public governance is inherently normative, so it is important to study the values of public governance – particularly in the present-day context, where, given increasingly differentiated Western public governance, many different values come into play and new value conflicts arise. In this Element, a value-based governance (VBG) perspective is presented. In this perspective, values take center stage as the guiding concept in the theory and practice of public administration and are used as a heuristic to understand and analyze public governance. One section focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of coping strategies used by actors and institutions when dealing with value conflicts. In the final section, the author return to the practice of public governance: the VBG paradigm entails public governance with normative reasoning. Value-based governance is about bringing the value rationality back in and recognizing intrinsic values. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This book showcases the current state of the art of research on rhythm in speech and language. Decades of study have revealed that bodily rhythms are crucial for producing and understanding speech and language, and for understanding their evolution and variability across populations-not only adults, but also developmental and clinical populations. It is also clear that there is perplexing dimensionality and variability of rhythm within and across languages. This book offers the scientific foundation for harmonizing physiological universality and cultural diversity, fostering collaborative breakthroughs across research domains. Its fifty chapters cover physiology, cognition, and culture, presenting knowledge from neuroscience, cognitive science, psychology, phonetics, and communication research. Ideal for academics, researchers, and professionals seeking interdisciplinary insights into the essence of human communication. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
In recent years a group of influential authoritarian states has emerged that fall between the ranks of great powers and small states. These authoritarian middle-powers – such as Turkey and the United Arab Emirates – exert considerable influence, particularly in their region. Yet this development has been overlooked in favor of a focus on superpowers, especially China and Russia. We therefore lack a framework for understanding their behavior and impact. This Element offers the first comprehensive analysis of how non-democratic middle-powers engage abroad. Drawing on case studies of states and regions, it shows how the combination of authoritarian politics and mid-level status leads to distinctive foreign policies. In particular, these approaches erode global democratic norms and institutions through a combination of hard power tempered by hedging and legitimation strategies. In this way, authoritarian middle-powers are helping to unravel the liberal rules-based order. This title is available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.