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20 - Multilingualism and Cognitive Control in the Brain

from Part V - L3/Ln and Cognition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 July 2023

By
Ashley Chung-Fat-Yim ,
Sayuri Hayakawa  and
Viorica Marian
Edited by
Jennifer Cabrelli ,
Adel Chaouch-Orozco ,
Jorge González Alonso ,
Sergio Miguel Pereira Soares ,
Eloi Puig-Mayenco  and
Jason Rothman
Jennifer Cabrelli
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Chicago
Adel Chaouch-Orozco
Affiliation:
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Jorge González Alonso
Affiliation:
Universidad Nebrija, Spain and UiT, Arctic University of Norway
Sergio Miguel Pereira Soares
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
Eloi Puig-Mayenco
Affiliation:
King's College London
Jason Rothman
Affiliation:
UiT, Arctic University of Norway and Universidad Nebrija, Spain
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Summary

Multilingualism affects cognitive, behavioral, and neural function across the lifespan. Here, we review the neuroimaging literature on bilingualism, multilingualism, and executive functions, focusing on three multilingual groups who rely on language control to varying degrees to overcome competition from other languages: third-language learners, multilingual adults, and simultaneous interpreters. In third-language learners, changes in brain regions underlying executive functions occur during the early stages of acquiring another language. In multilingual adults, effects of language experience reflect a qualitative difference between monolingual and multilingual processing rather than cumulative effects of increased linguistic knowledge. In simultaneous interpreters, changes in gray matter volume and white matter integrity are found in areas underlying language selection and executive functions, reflecting neural efficiency due to experience with rapid translation. The implications of these findings for our understanding of multilingualism and the value of moving beyond the monolingual–bilingual dichotomy are discussed.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Third Language Acquisition , pp. 519 - 554
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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