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Chapter 15 - Chemical and Radiologic Exposures in Trauma and Disasters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 June 2020

By
Joseph McIsaac  and
Corry Kucik
Edited by
Joseph McIsaac
Edited in association with
Kelly McQueen  and
Corry Kucik
Joseph McIsaac
Affiliation:
University of Connecticut
Kelly McQueen
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
Corry Kucik
Affiliation:
United States Navy
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Summary

Ethanol and recreational drugs are by far the most common chemical exposures associated with trauma. This chapter, however, covers other possibly associated exposures: toxic industrial chemicals (TIC), chemical weapons (CW), and radiation.

Limited exposures occur commonly in the industrial setting. The Bhopal disaster of 1984; mustard use during the Iran–Iraq War; the recent use of chlorine and sarin in Syria; the recent use of VX and Novichok in targeted assasinations; and the 2011 Fukushima earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear disaster are examples of combined trauma/toxic exposure. Indeed, chemical weapons of World War I are common industrial chemicals such as phosgene, chlorine, and cyanide, which are still used in vast quantities.

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Chapter
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Essentials of Disaster Anesthesia , pp. 127 - 142
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

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References

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