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4 - Climatic characteristics of mountains

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2010

Roger G. Barry
Roger G. Barry
Affiliation:
University of Colorado, Boulder
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Summary

The basic factors and processes affecting mountain climate have been discussed in Chapters 2 and 3. When climatic elements such as temperature or precipitation are considered, their temporal and spatial characteristics in mountain areas are inevitably determined by the total complex of these factors – latitude, continentality, altitude and topography – operating together. In this chapter, therefore, some general climatic characteristics of mountain areas are examined for individual climatic elements. We begin by considering energy budgets and slope temperature profiles. This is followed by a discussion of cloudiness, precipitation, other hydrometeors, and evaporation. The ways in which altitudinal and topographic effects, in particular, interact to create orographic patterns in the spatial and temporal distribution of each climatic element are illustrated.

ENERGY BUDGETS

It was noted in Chapter 2 that mountain sites were of special importance to early research on solar radiation, but there has been a general lack of modern radiation and energy budget studies in the mountains. An adequate level of information on the spatial and temporal distribution of radiation exists only for the European Alps. This material provided the basis for the generalizations on altitudinal effects presented in Chapter 2 (pp. 34–51) and all that can be usefully added here is to illustrate the types of work carried out in a few other mountain areas and some of the findings.

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Mountain Weather and Climate , pp. 251 - 362
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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