Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Part I Introduction
- Part II Advances in source–sink theory
- Part III Progress in source–sink methodology
- Part IV Improvement of source–sink management
- 16 Contribution of source–sink theory to protected area science
- 17 Evidence of source–sink dynamics in marine and estuarine species
- 18 Population networks with sources and sinks along productivity gradients in the Fiordland Marine Area, New Zealand: a case study on the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus
- 19 Source–sinks, metapopulations, and forest reserves: conserving northern flying squirrels in the temperate rainforests of Southeast Alaska
- 20 Does forest fragmentation and loss generate sources, sinks, and ecological traps in migratory songbirds?
- 21 Source–sink population dynamics and sustainable leaf harvesting of the understory palm Chamaedorea radicalis
- 22 Assessing positive and negative ecological effects of corridors
- Part V Synthesis
- Index
- References
17 - Evidence of source–sink dynamics in marine and estuarine species
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 July 2011
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Part I Introduction
- Part II Advances in source–sink theory
- Part III Progress in source–sink methodology
- Part IV Improvement of source–sink management
- 16 Contribution of source–sink theory to protected area science
- 17 Evidence of source–sink dynamics in marine and estuarine species
- 18 Population networks with sources and sinks along productivity gradients in the Fiordland Marine Area, New Zealand: a case study on the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus
- 19 Source–sinks, metapopulations, and forest reserves: conserving northern flying squirrels in the temperate rainforests of Southeast Alaska
- 20 Does forest fragmentation and loss generate sources, sinks, and ecological traps in migratory songbirds?
- 21 Source–sink population dynamics and sustainable leaf harvesting of the understory palm Chamaedorea radicalis
- 22 Assessing positive and negative ecological effects of corridors
- Part V Synthesis
- Index
- References
Summary
We review the evidence for source–sink dynamics in marine and estuarine species ranging from algae and seagrasses to invertebrates and vertebrates. There are only a few species with strong evidence for source–sink dynamics, primarily due to the logistical difficulties inherent in demonstrating source–sink dynamics convincingly, but there is extensive circumstantial evidence for the existence of source–sink dynamics, indicating that the issue requires serious consideration and further examination. The most prevalent mechanisms underlying source–sink dynamics include variation in habitat quality (natural or anthropogenic), dispersal, predation, and fishery exploitation, as well as interactions between these factors. In efforts to conserve or restore marine and estuarine metapopulations, optimal results are most likely to be achieved by identifying the connectivity between populations and preserving source populations or interconnected networks of sources and sinks. Further investigation of source–sink dynamics is critically needed to promote the effective conservation and restoration of marine and estuarine species.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Sources, Sinks and Sustainability , pp. 361 - 381Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2011
References
and (1998). Zebra Mussel Demography and Modeling: Preliminary Analysis of Population Data from Upper Midwest Rivers. USACE Contract Report EL-98-1. US Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2002). Recruitment limitation, population regulation, and larval connectivity in reef fish metapopulations. Ecology 83: 1092–1104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1999). Fertilization biology of the abalone Haliotis laevigata: laboratory and field studies. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56: 1658–1678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (2007). Complex larval connectivity patterns among marine invertebrate populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 104: 3267–3272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2000). Spawning origins of pelagic juvenile cod Gadus morhua inferred from spatially explicit age distributions: potential influences on year-class strength and recruitment. Marine Ecology Progress Series 202: 193–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (1991). Extreme spatial variation in the growth and reproductive output of the acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides. Marine Ecology Progress Series 75: 91–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2006). Larval dispersal reveals regional sources and sinks in the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Ecology Progress Series 308: 17–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (2007). Drift probabilities for Icelandic cod larvae. ICES Journal of Marine Science 64: 49–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2007). Poaching, enforcement, and the efficacy of marine reserves. Ecological Applications 17: 1851–1856.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (2008). Effect of prolonged hypoxia on food consumption, respiration, growth, and reproduction in marine scavenging gastropod Nassarius festivus. Marine Pollution Bulletin 57: 280–286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (2008). Population sinks in the Upper Florida Keys: the importance of demographic variation in population dynamics of the marine shrimp Stenopus hispidus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 360: 135–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and (2000). Connectivity of marine populations: open or closed?Science 287: 857–859.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (2000). Source–sink population dynamics and the problem of siting marine reserves. Bulletin of Marine Science 66: 799–820.Google Scholar
(2001). Overview of hypoxia around the world. Journal of Environmental Quality 30: 275–281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2008). Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems. Science 321: 926–929.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (1994). Settlement patterns of red and purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus and S. purpuratus) in California, USA. Marine Ecology Progress Series 111: 41–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , and (2000). The influence of variability in larval dispersal on the dynamics of a marine metapopulation in the eastern Channel. Oceanologica Acta 23: 423–442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2004). Spatial structure of recruitment in the mussel Perna perna at local scales: effects of adults, algae, and recruit size. Marine Ecology Progress Series 267: 173–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2006). Defining patch contribution in source–sink metapopulations: the importance of including dispersal and its relevance to marine systems. Population Ecology 48: 215–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2006). Metapopulation dynamics of coastal decapods. In Marine Metapopulations ( and , eds.). Academic Press/Elsevier, Amsterdam: 271–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (2006). Macroalgal spore dispersal in coastal environments: mechanistic insights revealed by theory and experiment. Ecological Monographs 76: 481–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (2004). The role of dispersal and demography in determining the efficacy of marine reserves. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62: 863–871.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , and (2006). Dynamic fragility of oceanic coral reef ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 103: 8425–8429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1973). Feeding, growth, reproduction, and nitrogen utilization by the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus brevicornis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 35: 785–800.Google Scholar
and (2002). Long-distance dispersal potential in a marine macrophyte. Ecology 83: 3319–3330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2003). The effect of small dispersal rates on extinction times in structured metapopulation models. American Naturalist 160: 389–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (2004). Conservation of genetic variation in harvested salmon populations. ICES Journal of Marine Science 61: 1389–1397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1996). Lethal limits and sublethal effects of hypoxia on the amphipod Gammarus pseudolimnaeus. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 15: 117–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1985). Population dynamics in two-patch environments: some anomalous consequences of an optimal habitat distribution. Theoretical Population Biology 28: 181–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (1996). Zebra mussel dispersal in lake-stream systems: source–sink dynamics?Journal of the North American Benthological Society 15: 564–575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , , , , and (2010). Connectivity of lobster (Homarus americanus) populations in the coastal Gulf of Maine. Part II. Coupled biophysical dynamics. Fisheries Oceanography 19: 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2001). Metapopulation dynamics of Tigriopus brevicornis (Harpacticoida) in intertidal rock pools. Marine Ecology Progress Series 211: 215–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , and (2003). Does the genetic structure of Pectinaria koreni (Polychaeta: Pectinariidae) conform to a source–sink metapopulation model at the scale of the Baie de Seine?Helgoland Marine Research 56: 238–246.Google Scholar
, and (2006). Contributions of adult oligochaete emigration and immigration in a dynamic soft-sediment community. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 330: 208–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1985). A nonequilibrium marine predator–prey interaction. Ecology 66: 1426–1438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2010). An R0 theory for source–sink dynamics with application to Dreissena competition. Theoretical Ecology 3: 25–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1999). Extirpation and recolonization in a metapopulation of an endangered fish, the tidewater goby. Conservation Biology 13: 1447–1453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and (2005). Barnacle reproductive hotspots linked to nearshore ocean conditions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 102: 10534–10539.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1995). Sperm limitation in the sea. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 10: 228–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2002). Concurrent decline of the spawning stock, recruitment, larval abundance, and size of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus in Chesapeake Bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series 226: 45–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and (1997). Hydrodynamic decoupling of recruitment, habitat quality, and adult abundance in the Caribbean spiny lobster: source–sink dynamics?Marine and Freshwater Research 48: 807–815.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2001). Marine reserves for Caribbean spiny lobster: empirical evaluation and theoretical metapopulation dynamics. Marine and Freshwater Research 52: 1589–1598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2005). Metapopulation structure and marine reserves. In Marine Conservation Biology ( and , eds.). Island Press, Washington, DC: 328–345.Google Scholar
, , , , , , and (2008). Importance of metapopulation connectivity to restocking and restoration of marine species. Reviews in Fisheries Science 16: 101–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2007). Hypoxia and Macoma balthica: ecological effects on a key infaunal benthic species. PhD dissertation, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA.
, , and (2004). Impact of hypoxia on the survival, egg production, and population dynamics of Acartia tonsa Dana. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 301: 111–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2007). Basin-scale patterns of mtDNA differentiation and gene flow in the bay scallop Argopecten irradians concentricus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 349: 139–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , and (2009). Simulating larval dispersal processes for abalone using a coupled particle-tracking and hydrodynamic model: implications for refugium design. Marine Ecology Progress Series 387: 205–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2007). The influence of stage-dependent dispersal on the population dynamics of three amphipod species. Oecologia 153: 533–541.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (1997). Heterogeneous population growth, parental effects, and genotype–environment interactions of a marine oligochaete. Marine Biology 130: 181–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2000). Migration of a marine oligochaete: induction of dispersal and microhabitat choice. Marine Ecology Progress Series 207: 89–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , and (2008). Vertical swimming behavior influences the dispersal of simulated oyster larvae in a coupled particle-tracking and hydrodynamic model of Chesapeake Bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series 359: 99–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2002). An examination of spatial and temporal genetic variation in walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) using allozyme, mitochondrial DNA, and microsatellite data. Fisheries Bulletin 100: 752–764.Google Scholar
, Jr. and (1984). Faunal communities in seagrass beds: a review of the influence of plant structure and prey characteristics on predator–prey relationships. Estuaries 7: 339–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2000). Kelp forest fish populations in marine reserves and adjacent exploited areas of central California. Ecological Applications 10: 855–870.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1979). Disaster, catastrophe, and local persistence of the sea palm Postelsia palmaeformis. Science 205: 685–687.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1988). Habitat suitability and local population persistence of the sea palm Postelsia palmaeformis. Ecology 69: 1787–1794.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1992). Basin-scale coherence of population dynamics of an exploited marine invertebrate, the bay scallop: implications of recruitment limitation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 90: 257–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (2001). Site-specific and density-dependent extinction of prey by schooling rays: generation of a population sink in top-quality habitat for bay scallops. Oecologia 129: 349–356.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1998). Extinction, colonization, and species occupancy in tidepool fishes. Oecologia 114: 118–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(2007). A spatial gradient in the potential reproductive output of the sea mussel Mytilus californianus. Marine Biology 151: 1543–1550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2006). Spatio-temporal variability of larval abundance and settlement of Perna perna: differential delivery of mussels. Marine Ecology Progress Series 315: 141–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1988). Sources, sinks, and population regulation. American Naturalist 132: 652–661.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1993). Harvest refugia in marine invertebrate fisheries: models and applications to the red sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus. American Zoologist 33: 537–550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , and (2006). A metapopulation perspective on the patch dynamics of giant kelp in southern California. In Marine Metapopulations ( and , eds.). Academic Press/Elsevier, Amsterdam: 353–386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , , and (2005). A source–sink hypothesis for abyssal biodiversity. American Naturalist 165: 163–178.Google ScholarPubMed
(1997). Connectivity and management of Caribbean coral reefs. Science 278: 1454–1457.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1998). Sources, sinks, and the design of marine reserve networks. Fisheries 23: 16–19.Google Scholar
and (2006). A framework for understanding ecological traps and an evaluation of existing evidence. Ecology 87: 1075–1085.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (2002). Using spatially explicit data to evaluate marine protected areas for abalone in southern California. Conservation Biology 16: 1308–1317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2006). The role of local populations within a landscape context: defining and classifying sources and sinks. American Naturalist 167: 925–938.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2007). Reproductive output and consistency of source populations in the sea star Pisaster ochraceus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 349: 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and (1997). Larval dynamics of a riverine metapopulation: implications for zebra mussel recruitment, dispersal, and control in a large-river system. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 16: 586–601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (1999). Larval retention and recruitment in an island population of a coral-reef fish. Nature 402: 799–802.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and (1998). Do hydrodynamic factors affect the recruitment of marine invertebrates in a macrotidal area? The case study of Pectinaria koreni (Polychaeta) in the Bay of Seine (English Channel). Hydrobiologia 375/376: 165–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1981). Reproductive strategies of marine benthic invertebrates: a settlement-timing hypothesis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 4: 75–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2001). A comparative study of asymmetric migration events across a marine biogeographic boundary. Evolution 55: 295–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(2008). Spatially coupled larval supply of marine predators and their prey alters the predictions of metapopulation models. American Naturalist 171: 179–194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1998). Genetic diversity and structure of natural and transplanted eelgrass populations in the Chesapeake and Chincoteague Bays. Estuaries 21: 118–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2009). Decadal-scale dynamics of sea urchin population networks in Fiordland, New Zealand are driven by juxtaposition of larval transport against benthic productivity gradients. Marine Ecology Progress Series 378: 125–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2003). Reproductive sources and sinks within a sea urchin, Evechinus chloroticus, population of a New Zealand fjord. Marine Ecology Progress Series 248: 109–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (2008). Plasticity in the diet of two echinoderm species across an ecotone: microbial recycling of forest litter and bottom-up forcing of population structure. Marine Ecology Progress Series 360: 115–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2000). Management of the Peruvian bay scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) metapopulation with regard to environmental change. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 10: 117–126.3.0.CO;2-T>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and (2008). Connectivity of lobster populations in the coastal Gulf of Maine. Part I. Circulation and larval transport potential. Ecological Modelling 210: 193–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13
- Cited by