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This article explores the relationship of the early seventeenth-century poet Lady Anne Southwell (1574–1636) to natural resources and landscapes within the framework of providentialism and the theological interpretation of her encounter with settler colonialism in early modern Ireland. Her poems are heavily dependent on biblical sources, where Old and New Testament representations of the moral and ethical meaning of agriculture and plantation shape and guide her refracted reading of the relationship between New English settlers and the native practices and landscapes of early modern Ireland.
As a political-economic thinker, Giovanni Botero is mostly remembered for identifying the importance of industrial production to economic growth. This article expands our understanding of his political-economic thought by examining his ideas about wealth-producing effects of aquatic resources. In several publications from the late 1580s and 1590s, he discussed waterways as strategic technologies of commercial navigation and urged princes to improve their territories to create this affordance where it lacked naturally. I argue that orderly waterscapes, which facilitated access to sundry resources and occasioned all manner of economic activity, were for Botero among the most critical determinants of secular grandezza, or greatness.
This article compares Edmund Spenser’s “A View of the Present State of Ireland” (1596) and Bernardo de Vargas Machuca’s “Milicia y descripción de las Indias” (1599) to show how writing colonial warfare informed the literary construction of human-natural relations in the early modern world. Each text imagines the transformation of ecological relationships between colonized peoples and their landscapes through military interventions that seek to interrupt Indigenous subsistence practices. These tracts exemplify the inseparability of colonialism, racialization, and the literary construction of nature in their visions of land and labor as perpetual sources of wealth for settlers and their sovereigns.