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23990 results in Ancient history

Page 386 of 1200

  • 3 - The City of Rome: Scene of Politics and Growing Metropolis

  • Josiah Osgood, Georgetown University, Washington DC
  • Book:
    Rome and the Making of a World State, 150 BCE–20 CE
    Published online:
    11 April 2018
    Print publication:
    12 April 2018, pp 25-47
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  • Summary

    This chapter focuses on the politics within the city. The census was a crucial institution that not only counted Roman citizens, but also divided them to different categories based on their military roles and voting rights. Voting assemblies were the core of the Roman political scene. Legislation was passed after the people had expressed their views by casting their votes. Along with the voting assemblies, the magistrates and the senate constituted the major branches of government. Magistrates held executive power, the Senate -- made up of current and former magistrates -- set much policy for the magistrates to enact. The elites in Rome consolidated their power in Rome by sponsoring extravagant spectacles to showcase their wealth. Religion, closely tied up with politics, was a major factor that bound society together. The emergences of new diseases as a result of trade and the exchanges of goods and people, together with the all too often natural disasters such as flooding and fire, sometimes made it difficult to get by in the city.

  • 11 - War of the World (49–30 BCE)

  • Josiah Osgood, Georgetown University, Washington DC
  • Book:
    Rome and the Making of a World State, 150 BCE–20 CE
    Published online:
    11 April 2018
    Print publication:
    12 April 2018, pp 177-198

  • Summary

    Civil war broke out in 49 BCE and lasted for twenty years, as rival leaders including Caesar, Pompey, Octavian, and Mark Antony eliminated one another. The period witnessed new experiments in autocracy, including dictatorship and the triumvirate. Leaders took new names and titles and their images saturated the Roman world. The position of emperor was being forged, and with it a standing army of legions that owed loyalty to him.

  • 7 - Rome between Republic and Empire: The Stuck Elephant (80–60 BCE)

  • Josiah Osgood, Georgetown University, Washington DC
  • Book:
    Rome and the Making of a World State, 150 BCE–20 CE
    Published online:
    11 April 2018
    Print publication:
    12 April 2018, pp 108-123

  • Summary

    The type of government that suited the sprawling Roman empire was increasingly incompatible with the traditional city-based SPQR. The major wars of the 80s destabilized the Mediterranean and left the Senate facing security challenges for years afterwards, with only limited success. This chapter focuses on the successes of Pompey in reestablishing order and his rise to power in the city and beyond. This chapter ends with the arrival of Julius Caesar in the Roman political scene and forshadows the lasting influence he will have on the city and its government.

  • 5 - The Spiral of Violence (104–80 BCE)

  • Josiah Osgood, Georgetown University, Washington DC
  • Book:
    Rome and the Making of a World State, 150 BCE–20 CE
    Published online:
    11 April 2018
    Print publication:
    12 April 2018, pp 68-89
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  • Summary

    The question of how the profits and prestige of the Roman empire should be shared continued in the period 104-80 BCE. Violence was used to achieve political aims and brought on the dissolution of civic institutions that threatened the Republican ideal. While the Social War was destructive to Roman politics, the Italians benefited by gaining citizenship. A turning point was Sulla's decision to march on Rome with an army in 88 BCE, leading to the outbreak of full civil war. Leaders sought legitimacy through violence and unique claims to divinity. While Sulla went onto create a new constitution for Rome, it proved unable to bring immediate stability.

  • 2 - The New World Power: The Empire and Imperial Affairs (150–139 BCE)

  • Josiah Osgood, Georgetown University, Washington DC
  • Book:
    Rome and the Making of a World State, 150 BCE–20 CE
    Published online:
    11 April 2018
    Print publication:
    12 April 2018, pp 10-24

  • Summary

    In 150-139 BCE, Rome docused on expanding its overseas imperium by assigning different provinciae to senior magistrates. Rome reached a new height of power when it successively conquered the Celtiberian and Lusitanians in Spain, caused the total destruction of Carthage after the Punic Wars, and ravaged the Greek city of Corinth. Besides Rome's military prowess, its strategic use of its rivers and sea power also brought significant achievements in trade (especially slaves) with other cities around the Mediterranian.

Page 386 of 1200