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Here are three comprehensive examinations set for candidates who have used RG and its associated volumes. Papers A and Β were set for university students after using RG for one year, three to four hours a week for c. twenty-two weeks. Paper C was a public examination (no longer available) set for Year 11–12 students (16–18) who had studied Greek for two years, using RG in year 1 and studying the set texts (the ‘target’ passages from WoH Herodotus and Sophocles selections) in year 2.
Note: The numbers in brackets (where given) refer to the marks allotted to each part of the paper.
Discussion
All the papers, in their different ways, attempt to cater for a wide range of abilities, and demand a grasp of the language with an understanding of the culture which produced it.
All the papers offer liberal help with vocabulary for the unseens (sight passages); and Paper C offers it with the set texts as well (an important concession when the set texts are as sophisticated as these are; when the students’ time must be limited, since Greek will only be a minority subject for them in the sixth form; and when we want to discourage memorization of the translation, and encourage mature appraisal of the text).
In the past, discussions of absolute constructions (ACs) have been limited by an imprecise understanding of what ACs are. By examining the nature and function of ACs and related constructions in Greek, Latin and Sanskrit, this new study arrives at a clear and simple definition of ACs. Focussing on the earliest attested material in each language, it highlights how AC usage differs between languages and offers explanations for these differences. Identifying the common core shared by all ACs, it suggests a starting-point and way by which they developed into Greek, Latin and Sanskrit. Further historical study reveals how ACs have been conceived of by grammarians, philologists and even Christian missionaries over the last two thousand years and how enduring misconceptions still affect our discussion of them today. All Sanskrit material is annotated in detail, making it accessible for classicists in particular and allowing a better understanding of ACs in Greek and Latin.