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13588 results in History of science and technology

Page 142 of 680

  • The Changing Nature of Modernization Discourses in Documentary Films

  • Carlos Tabernero
  • Journal:
    Science in Context / Volume 31 / Issue 1 / March 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    27 March 2018, pp. 61-83
    Print publication:
    March 2018

  • Franco's fascist regime in Spain (1939-1975) offers the possibility of exploring the complex relationship between media communication practices and the processes of production, circulation, and management of knowledge. The regime persistently used film, and later on television, as indoctrination and disciplining devices. These media thus served to shape the regime's representation, which largely relied on the generation of positive attitudes of adherence to the rulers through people's submission and obedience to experts. This article examines the changing nature of modernization discourses and practices, as a fundamental element of the regime's propaganda strategies, and as portrayed in documentaries produced under its rule. The rhetoric of modernization involved an explicit deficit model of knowledge management, which aimed at legitimating the regime's deeds and policies in its first decades, as we shall see regarding colonial-medical documentaries produced for the official newsreel in the 1940s. However, the focus of such rhetoric, despite its enduring political aims, had to somehow open up as the relationship between experts and non-experts changed, both in epistemological and practical terms, such as in wildlife documentary films produced for television in the 1970s, the regime's last decade.

  • Utopian biologies

  • Jim Endersby
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 51 / Issue 1 / March 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    07 March 2018, pp. 147-152
    Print publication:
    March 2018

  • In 1924, the British biologist J.B.S. Haldane acknowledged that anyone who tried to predict where science was taking us was obliged to mention H.G. Wells, since ‘[t]he very mention of the future suggests him’. Nevertheless, Haldane complained that Wells was ‘a generation behind the time’, having been raised when flying and radiotelegraphy were genuinely scientific questions, but they were now mere ‘commercial problems’, Haldane asserted, and ‘I believe that the centre of scientific interest lies in biology’. Haldane's conviction that biology was the key to the future was widely shared, and lies in the background of both these books. Helen Curry examines the early history of the dream of engineering new kinds of plants, using first X-rays, then colchicine (a chemical mutagen), and then the new sources of intense radioactivity that were created by the early nuclear reactors. By contrast, Ewa Luczak is interested in the influence of eugenics on American literature, focusing particularly on Jack London, Charlotte Perkins Gilman and George Schuyler. What unites these books (and the diverse topics they address) is new ways of imagining the future, specifically a future based in biology.

  • BJH volume 51 issue 1 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 51 / Issue 1 / March 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    07 March 2018, pp. f1-f2
    Print publication:
    March 2018
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Page 142 of 680