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The Newberry Library of Chicago is an independent history and humanities research library. Its 1.5 million printed books and 4500 linear feet of manuscripts on European and American history, English and American literature, travel and discovery in the New World, and music were, until recently, not thought to include much material on the sciences. A search of the card catalogue has already yielded over 1500 scientific titles, with the likelihood that 700–1000 more will be found, scattered among the Library's collections.
Between the two World Wars an extensive body of writings appeared in the United States explicitly or implicitly on the historical development of the sciences. I am not referring to the vast literature of popularization in magazines and newspapers but to substantial works, often in book form, coming from various intellectual and scholarly traditions. Only a few examples are classifiable by later standards as professional history of science. Following Arnold Thackray, one can designate some authors as ‘proto-historians’ of science. Most of the writings, including those of the ‘proto-historians,’ have distinctive attributes: methods, attitudes and goals, reflecting traditions other than professional history of science or even the general history exemplified by the American Historical Association's membership of that era. What follows is a bird's eye view of a past of interest for its own sake and for clues about the professionalization of history of science after 1950.