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10307 results in History of science: general interest

Page 347 of 516

  • BJH volume 20 issue 3 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 20 / Issue 3 / July 1987
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. f1-f2
    Print publication:
    July 1987
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  • Ampère's Invention of Equilibrium Apparatus: A Response to Experimental Anomaly

  • James R. Hofmann
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 20 / Issue 3 / July 1987
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. 309-341
    Print publication:
    July 1987

  • André-Marie Ampère's contributions to electrodynamics came at a late stage in an unconventional career. In 1820, he had reached the age of forty-five and had not as yet done any systematic research in physics. As a member of the mathematics section of the Académie des Sciences, his only significant contributions to the physical sciences had been some constructive criticisms of Fresnel's wave theory of light and three memoirs on chemical classification and gas theory. Meanwhile, his longstanding interests in metaphysics and epistemology had resulted in pointed methodological and philosophical attitudes which both motivated and structured his subsequent work in electrodynamics. Not surprisingly, events during the first few months of Ampère's research included many unplanned and unexpected encounters as this wildly enthusiastic theoretician grappled for the first time with the recalcitrant complexity of actual experimentation in an uncharted new domain.

  • BJH volume 20 issue 2 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 20 / Issue 2 / April 1987
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. f1-f2
    Print publication:
    April 1987
    • Article
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  • Courting the Cerebellum: Early Organological and Phrenological Views of Sexuality

  • Michael Shortland
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 20 / Issue 2 / April 1987
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. 173-199
    Print publication:
    April 1987

  • Although phrenology has begun to receive serious attention as a doctrine of mind, as popular science, as part of medical history, as a vehicle for social and ideological interests, and as an important component of American and European (especially British) culture in the early nineteenth century, there is one aspect of it which has evaded the eye of contemporary historians.’ This is the place within phrenology of the understanding of human sexuality. This is a subject of manifest general historical interest, and one whose neglect by scholars seems all the more striking once it is recognized that phrenologists themselves often judged it the most crucial, the best evidenced, and the most impressive part of their system of beliefs. In turning for the first time to phrenological attitudes to sex, my objective in what follows is not to offer an exhaustive treatment but rather to set down the broad lines of development followed by organological and phrenological doctrines. It is hoped that this will encourage and enable historians to consider the subject in further detail and from other perspectives. Other topics of research may also be suggested by the material that is presented here. For example, if phrenology was as important in the early decades of the nineteenth century as is now widely accepted, and if the views of sexual instinct within the theory and practice of phrenology were of the kind which I shall suggest, then it may be that our general attitudes to sexuality during the period under consideration stand in need of reassessment. This is an issue to which I hope to devote a further article; for the moment, a presentation of materials within a mainly expository framework may serve a valuable function.

Page 347 of 516