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10307 results in History of science: general interest

Page 412 of 516

  • Thomas Martin

  • A. J. V. Gale
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 6 / Issue 1 / June 1972
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, p. 105
    Print publication:
    June 1972
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  • Lavoisier and the Caloric Theory

  • Robert J. Morris
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 6 / Issue 1 / June 1972
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. 1-38
    Print publication:
    June 1972

  • Professional historians of science generally recognize the importance of Lavoisier's theory of heat. However, it commonly receives scant attention in the historical treatment of his chemical theories except perhaps as an example illustrating his conservatism and giving the impression that the caloric theory, although perhaps important in the development of ideas on the nature of heat, is independent of and bears little relationship to his general chemistry or is incidental to an understanding of that chemistry.1 An examination of Lavoisier's writings suggests that the caloric theory is not merely a milestone in the development of physics; and rather than an omittable appendage, his concept of heat forms an integral part of his chemical system and plays a central, necessary role in his oxidation theory in particular. The purpose of this paper is to give a general description of Lavoisier's ideas on the nature and action of heat, the origin of these ideas, their development, and their relation to his general chemistry, pointing out his conservatism as well as his innovations.

  • BJH volume 6 issue 1 Cover and Back matter

  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 6 / Issue 1 / June 1972
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. b1-b5
    Print publication:
    June 1972
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  • Science and Scottish University Reform: Edinburgh in 1826

  • J. B. Morrell
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 6 / Issue 1 / June 1972
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. 39-56
    Print publication:
    June 1972

  • In the late eighteenth century, which was for Scotland in many ways an ‘Age of Improvement’, the University of Edinburgh enjoyed a golden age. Under the enlightened principalship of the Reverend William Robertson, the University offered wide, flexible, and mainly secular courses of study which were taught by conspicuously able professors. If we restrict ourselves to scientific chairs, a roll-call of their occupants is distinctly impressive: John Robison (natural philosophy, 1774–1805); John Playfair (mathematics, 1785–1805); John Walker (natural history, 1779–1804); Daniel Rutherford (botany, 1786–1819); James Gregory (theory of medicine, 1776–89); William Cullen (practice of medicine, 1773–90); Alexander Monro secundus (anatomy, 1758–98); and their doyen Joseph Black (chemistry and medicine, 1766–99), ‘so pale, so gentle, so elegant, and so illustrious’. The scientific eminence of the University at that time is, of course, widely acknowledged.

Page 412 of 516