To save content items to your account,
please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies.
If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account.
Find out more about saving content to .
To save content items to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org
is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings
on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part
of your Kindle email address below.
Find out more about saving to your Kindle.
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations.
‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi.
‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
This article examines the development of Catholic places of worship in Ireland from the initial relaxation of the penal laws in 1778 to the passage of An Act for the Relief of His Majesty’s Roman Catholic Subjects, popularly known as the Act of in 1829. Focusing on parish chapels, three distinct forms are identified — the ‘transitional chapel’, the ‘improved chapel’ and the ‘grand chapel’ or ‘great chapel’. Many of these chapels have been reworked, replaced or demolished, and therefore a range of sources have been used to examine this important period of Catholic infrastructural development, including drawings, written descriptions and analysis of the surviving built fabric. This period of Catholic architecture has been largely overshadowed in the historiography by the more extensive and elaborate buildings constructed in the second half of the nineteenth century. The chapels built during the earlier period are varied in design and scale, ranging from the grandeur of the ‘Metropolitan chapel’ (called the Pro-Cathedral until November 2025) on Dublin’s Marlborough Street to modest cruciform chapels with minimal external decoration in the rural landscape. This article examines the architectural strategies used in both urban and rural contexts to assert a recognisable Catholic architectural identity in public space while negotiating a precarious and uncertain legal environment during a period of considerable political instability. Finally, it examines the increasing use of professional architectural expertise in order to participate in a culture of ecclesiastical building and to express the institutional capacity of the Catholic church emerging from the legal restrictions of the penal laws.