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Estimates of costs and revenues for steamboating in the Louisville-New Orleans trade indicate that after the 1820's the steamboat transport market experienced the long–run equilibrium characteristic of purely competitive industries.
In the decade prior to the Civil War, southern manufacturing was surprisingly similar to that of the non-South. In the latter portion of the nineteenth century, however, a wide divergence developed between that region and the rest of the nation.
Professor Arnould analyzes the reasons for concentration in the American meat packing industry from 1880 through 1920, then describes and evaluates the varied forces which have led to declining concentration since the end of World War I.
Professor Neal assesses the innovative role of a key financial institution — the trust company — during the period of American economic growth after the depression of the 1890's and prior to World War I.
The number of empirical studies aimed at examination of the relationship between risk and return to securities portfolios has increased dramatically over the last five years. There are basically two features of Nancy Jacob's paper, “The Measurement of Systematic Risk for Securities and Portfolios: Some Empirical Results,” that I feel contribute significantly to this area of study. First, the empirical analysis is based on an axiomatic system of characterizing the securities investment decision; this departs substantially from the assumptions underlying the more familiar mean-variance approach. A comparison of the conclusions reached while empirically investigating different axiomatic systems of investor behavior may play an important role in the validation of positive models of capital markets. The second contribution stems from the depth of the study as it relates to the effects of changes in the observation interval, the horizon time, and the portfolio selection procedures. Determining the appropriate horizon time and observation interval is always a major problem, when working with historical price and dividend data. The author's grouping of data into one-, five-, and ten-year horizon periods - along with varying the observation interval over monthly, quarterly, and annual data - illuminates many of the problems associated with empirical studies using a fixed holding period and observation interval.
Investment literature, particularly materials made available to investors by financial magazines, brokerage houses, and investment services, places a great deal of stress upon analysis of investment opportunities by industry groups. Examples are industry analyses, such as those of Forbes and Financial Analysts Journal, as well as the industry segregations of popular services such as Value Line, Standard & Poor's and Moody's.