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46470 results in Management

Page 2214 of 2324

  • Land Grants to American Railroads: Social Cost or Social Benefit?

  • Lloyd J. Mercer
  • Journal:
    Business History Review / Volume 43 / Issue 2 / Summer 1969
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 June 2012, pp. 134-151
    Print publication:
    Summer 1969

  • Every schoolboy knows that a large fraction of the American public domain was granted to pioneer railroads in the nineteenth century. But was the federal land-grant policy socially beneficial? Professor Mercer provides one imaginative answer based upon an analysis of the economic issues involved and estimates of the private and social rates of return on the investment in the subsidized railroads.

  • BHR volume 43 issue 2 Cover and Back matter

  • Journal:
    Business History Review / Volume 43 / Issue 2 / Summer 1969
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 June 2012, pp. b1-b8
    Print publication:
    Summer 1969
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  • The Editor's Corner

  • Journal:
    Business History Review / Volume 43 / Issue 2 / Summer 1969
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 June 2012, pp. 209-215
    Print publication:
    Summer 1969
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  • Money and Banking in a “Bankless” State: Iowa, 1846–1857

  • Erling A. Erickson
  • Journal:
    Business History Review / Volume 43 / Issue 2 / Summer 1969
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 June 2012, pp. 171-191
    Print publication:
    Summer 1969

  • During the first half of the nineteenth century, a number of American states prohibited the establishment of banks of issue within their borders. In theory, these states seemingly opted for the slow economic development associated with an inelastic currency supply. In the case of Iowa, however, the people's demand for an elastic currency was met by the creation of substitute financial institutions — land agency-banks — that functioned as de facto banks of issue.

  • What's in a Bond Rating**

  • Thomas F. Pogue, Robert M. Soldofsky
  • Journal:
    Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis / Volume 4 / Issue 2 / June 1969
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 October 2009, pp. 201-228
    Print publication:
    June 1969

  • The question “What's in a bond rating?” has been asked at least since 1909 when such ratings were started in the United States. Informed persons who answer this question typically admit that ratings depend in part on readily available statistics on a firm's operations and financial condition. Examples of such statistics are earnings coverage, leverage ratios, and profit rates.

  • A Test of the Equivalent-Risk Class Hypothesis

  • Nicholas J. Gonedes
  • Journal:
    Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis / Volume 4 / Issue 2 / June 1969
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 October 2009, pp. 159-177
    Print publication:
    June 1969

  • Many students of business finance subsume the risks associated with a firm's income stream under two general cognomens, namely, “business risk” and “financial risk.”1 The degree of business risk associated with a firm's income stream is considered to be a function of all determinants of risk except those that relate to the means by which a firm's operations are financed (i.e., the nature of a firm's capital structure). In general, business risk is determined by a firm's asset structure, the purposes for which a firm's assets are used, and the efficiency and effectiveness with which a firm's assets are utilized. The determinants of business risk include the competitive position of a firm, the nature of a firm's operating expenses, the intensity of demand for a firm's products, and a firm's managerial resources, inter alia. A measurement of the variability of net operating income (i.e., earnings before interest expenses and income taxes) is usually employed as a surrogate of business risk.

  • Announcement

  • Journal:
    Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis / Volume 4 / Issue 2 / June 1969
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 October 2009, pp. 229-231
    Print publication:
    June 1969
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Page 2214 of 2324