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Banks open more branches and make more lending near their CEOs’ childhood hometowns. The effects are stronger among informationally opaque borrowers and among CEOs who spend more time in their childhood hometowns. Furthermore, loans originated near CEOs’ hometowns contain more soft information and have lower ex post default rates, implying that hometown loans are more informed. Hometown lending does not affect aggregate bank outcomes, suggesting that credit is being reallocated from regions located farther away to regions proximate to bank CEOs’ hometowns.
This article examines the Detroit Housewives League (DHL) in the 1930s and 1940s, concentrating on DHL members’ actions as businesswomen. Past narratives have framed the DHL as an extension of the black women’s club movement or as part of the women-driven consumer movements of the 1930s and 1940s, particularly highlighting the organization’s philosophies on black women’s purchasing power. I argue that entrepreneurial DHL women brought prior business knowledge to their organizing and were significant business experts and leaders. By conducting business research, forging community networks, and, significantly, establishing commercial colleges and other forms of business education in the city, DHL members’ work was vital for the black business community as a whole and for women entrepreneurs in particular. In reframing the DHL as an organization established by black entrepreneurial women, I suggest scholars should reevaluate black women’s contributions to other forms of activism in order to recover additional histories of black women’s entrepreneurship and business leadership.
Among our greatest leaders are those driven by impulses they cannot completely control - by lust. Lust is not, however, an abstraction, it has definition. Definition that, given the impact of leaders who lust, is essential to extract. This book identifies six types of lust with which leaders are linked: 1. Power: the ceaseless craving to control. 2. Money: the limitless desire to accrue great wealth. 3. Sex: the constant hunt for sexual gratification. 4. Success: the unstoppable need to achieve. 5. Legitimacy: the tireless claim to identity and equity. 6. Legacy: the endless quest to leave a permanent imprint. Each of the core chapters focuses on different lusts and features a cast of characters who bring lust to life. In the real world leaders who lust can and often do have an enduring impact. This book therefore is counterintuitive - it focuses not on moderation, but on immoderation.
In my research for this book, I spent many months trying to identify ethical role models in finance. One name that repeatedly came up in the context of the US banking industry was John Stumpf.
We discussed in the chapter on social wealth how finance can contribute to the common good. Finance fulfills a critical role in our economy, whether by facilitating savings for retirement, enabling seamless payments for the purchase of goods and services, or offering insurance against the financial risk of an early death, to name a few of its basic services. By and large, the primary purpose of finance is to help customers achieve their goals.
Virtue for finance professionals is not only defined by how they serve customers and whether they act responsibly toward other stakeholders. It is also defined by how they treat colleagues and the extent to which they influence them to act virtuously. A finance professional could perform admirably with respect to the first two pillars of this book’s framework – be a great fiduciary to her clients and manage to generate social value in the process – and yet be a tyrant at work, manipulate and abuse colleagues, prevent them from developing professionally, discriminate against any subset, and generally create a miserable work environment.
A traditional perspective on the responsibility of finance professionals would hold that being a diligent fiduciary fulfills all of one’s professional and moral obligations since those are inherently intertwined. The industrious practice of a profession, trade, or art embodies moral behavior. Consequently, for a finance professional, as for any type of professional service provider, being a good fiduciary is the fulfillment of professional responsibility. However, I will contend that being a good fiduciary doesn’t automatically lead one to contribute to society. It simply entails faithfully delivering on the set of responsibilities entrusted by a client. The underlying financial activity matters because it can have a positive or negative impact on other people, independent of its impact on the client.
Working at a successful hedge fund bestows upon members of the team not only attractive compensation but often a stream of perks from brokers eager to sway trading business their way: dinners in high-end restaurants, open bar tabs, and the occasional round of golf or outing at sought-after sporting events. Not so at Watermark Group, a long-standing Princeton-based hedge fund. When an investment analyst broke an internal rule against broker favors by accepting US Open tickets from Lehman Brothers, co-founder Andy Okun insisted that the analyst pay back not simply the ticket’s face value, but its (much greater) scalp value. It took months of prodding for Lehman to cash the check.1
A recurring concern for my first-year undergraduate students contemplating a career in finance is that they will turn into hypocrites: spend several years in college being exhorted to act in the service of humanity, perhaps studying great thinkers, absorbing humanistic values, and devising solutions for a better society, and, as soon as they leave their idealized intellectual community, become cogs in a gigantic machine optimized to generate short-term profits.
Firms with greater shareholder rights have a greater risk-shifting incentive, requiring more lender monitoring. Thus, a reduction in shareholder rights implies more diffused (less monitoring-intensive) loan syndicates. Using the passage of U.S. second-generation antitakeover laws as an exogenous shock that reduces shareholder rights as a natural experiment, we find that loan syndicates become significantly more diffuse after the passage of these laws. These results are confirmed in a large sample of bank loans made during the 1990–2007 period when the loan syndicate market matured. Our results show how corporate governance causally affects financial contracting and creditor control in firms.
We show that the dividend growth rate implied by the options market is informative about i) the expected dividend growth rate and ii) the expected dividend risk premium. We model the expected dividend risk premium and explore its implications for the predictability of dividend growth and stock market returns. Correcting for the expected dividend risk premium strengthens the evidence for the predictability of dividend growth and stock market returns both in and out of sample. Economically, a market-timing investor who accounts for the time-varying expected dividend risk premium realizes an additional utility gain of 2.02% per year.
We examine whether climate change news risk is priced in corporate bonds. We estimate bond covariance with a climate change news index and find that bonds with a higher climate change news beta earn lower future returns, consistent with the asset pricing implications of demand for bonds with high potential to hedge against climate risk. Moreover, when investors are concerned about climate risk, they are willing to pay higher prices for bonds issued by firms with better environmental performance. Our findings suggest that corporate policies aimed at improving environmental performance pay off when the market is concerned about climate change risk.
Corporations can be viewed as large information ecosystems, not more narrowly as corporate entities, and the author uses the example of IBM to defend this point. This essay illustrates issues and topics that can be studied to enhance understanding of corporate history, building on prior methods used by scholars. It builds on research the author performed in writing a history of IBM from the 1880s to the present.