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In this article, I trace the credit and debt practices of a company incorporated in the UK to extract “wild rubber” in the Amazon. Based on reports by Sir Roger Casement, an officer of the British diplomatic service, I present a general description of the organization of the Peruvian Amazon Co., whose operation did not depend on investment in technology or infrastructure but, rather, on the flow of credit in the form of merchandise. I will discuss debt-peonage as the form of labor privileged by the wild rubber industry in the Amazon and show how it works when indigenous peoples and their territories are involved, as was the case in Putumayo. I argue that the concept of debt-peonage is misleading in this situation, as it obscures both the conditions and the relations into which the Indians, as a society, were forced. I will highlight the role of debt in this relation, commonly referred to as the “conquest” of the Indians, as constitutive of both physical and symbolic violence. I conclude showing how credit and debt, usually considered to be instrumental for the development of capitalism, are here at the core of a system that not only was opposed to the logic of the market, but also strangled local production and exchange networks. The “credit engine” became here an instrument of genocide.
Given the broad intended audience, this book contains a variety of material, some of which will be of most interest to particular types of readers. As a result, there are different paths through this book. The best approach, naturally, is to read all chapters in order. They’re designed to be an integrated whole – each chapter builds on the next, there are multiple cross-references between chapters and some examples run throughout the book. However, readers short on time may choose to focus on particular chapters, depending on their objectives.
An analysis of corporate profitability leads to a reevaluation of economic policy during Argentina’s Great Depression. While the overall profit rate collapsed, some sectors were more affected than others: Commerce, insurance, and agriculture were worst hit, followed by transportation, industry, and finally banking, which was a beneficiary of economic policy, especially the decision not to default on or renegotiate the external public debt. Had a different economic policy been pursued, it is likely that the international crisis would not have affected Argentina so severely. Most importantly, it would have been possible to further devalue the peso, which would have benefitted both agriculture and industry. Moreover, interest rates would have been lower, and continued government borrowing would not have crowded out investment in the private sector. An analysis of corporate profitability thus leads to a less positive view of economic policy during Argentina’s Great Depression than is often found in the existing literature.
We started this book by acknowledging the severe crisis that capitalism faces. In the eyes of millions of citizens, it’s a rigged game. Corporations exist to line the pockets of executives and investors, paying scant attention to worker wages, customer welfare or climate change. Those lucky enough to be running businesses or investment funds see no need to change, as they’re protected by market power, and can further entrench themselves by lobbying. Even worse, many see no responsibility to change, as they delude themselves that their social responsibility is to maximise profits.
Written for current and aspiring managers, this textbook guides readers through the core components of compensation and puts them in the manager's chair, challenging them to apply their understanding to solve business problems such as attracting, managing, and retaining company talent. The book's central theme, supported by extensive treatment of compensating differentials, is that compensation is heavily driven by market competition. The coverage also includes analytics, negotiation and bargaining, wage theft, and non-profits and small businesses, as well as a detailed treatment of stock options. Case studies are included to demonstrate the principles in practice, and 'lessons for managers' in each chapter provide practical advice and takeaways. A rich package of online teaching and learning materials, including teaching slides, sample syllabi, additional case studies, and a test bank is also provided to support teachers and students.
Huawei has become China's most prominent multinational company and a leader in the ICT sector. Given unprecedented access to the company, the authors of this book examine the management transformation of Huawei from its inception in 1987 until 2019, observing in detail not only the creation of its organizational routines but also the breaking of routines across most major functional areas: Management, Product Development, HR, Supply Chain, Finance, R&D, Intellectual Property, and International Business. 'Dynamic capabilities' are central to theories of competitive advantage and this book highlights Huawei as an ideal case study for the successful implementation of change routines and change-supporting values. The chapters cover all the major change initiatives the firm has undertaken since 1996 to import best practices from the West, with the help of consultants. The insights presented in the book will be particularly interesting for academics in the field of strategy, management, and business history.