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17002 results

Page 120 of 851

  • 2 - Planets and Greenhouses

  • Ralph D. Lorenz, The Johns Hopkins University
  • Book:
    Exploring Planetary Climate
    Published online:
    14 December 2018
    Print publication:
    03 January 2019, pp 17-38

  • Summary

    Outlines growing awareness of the solar system and the physics of heat. Discovery of an atmosphere on Venus during the transit across the sun in 1760. Balloons. Observation of Mars polar caps. Observation of sunspots and possible solar variability. Discovery of infrared light and the principles of thermodynamics. Geological cycles recognized by Hutton. Recognition of the Ice Ages, early attribution by Adhemar and Croll to astronomical variations in sunlight with latitude. Recognition of the carbon cycle and the role of ocean circulation in climate.

  • 10 - Looking Ahead

  • Ralph D. Lorenz, The Johns Hopkins University
  • Book:
    Exploring Planetary Climate
    Published online:
    14 December 2018
    Print publication:
    03 January 2019, pp 221-248

  • Summary

    Explores the causes of interannual variability in planetary climate – the dust cycle on Mars and perhaps the role of solar variations on Titan and Neptune. Dust storms on Mars and Titan.

  • 1 - The Age of Wonder: Learning the Earth, Oceans and Sky

  • Ralph D. Lorenz, The Johns Hopkins University
  • Book:
    Exploring Planetary Climate
    Published online:
    14 December 2018
    Print publication:
    03 January 2019, pp 1-16

  • Summary

    Describes the first efforts to understand climate and climate processes. Herodotus' Histories describe the behaviour of the Nile river, and note signs of different past climate. Huygens' speculations about other worlds, with different gravity and atmospheric density, perhaps also seas and sailors, and astronomers like himself. Halley's explorations and documentation of the trade winds; Halley experiments with evaporation in the laboratory and upscales to the Mediterranean. Early temperature measurements exploring the variation with latitude and altitude.

  • 9 - Dune Worlds

  • Ralph D. Lorenz, The Johns Hopkins University
  • Book:
    Exploring Planetary Climate
    Published online:
    14 December 2018
    Print publication:
    03 January 2019, pp 187-220

  • Summary

    Titan is unveiled by Cassini–Huygens, showing an active hydrological cycle involving methane forming rivers, lakes and seas and exotic clouds of methane, ethane and hydrogen cyanide. Vast fields of sand dunes form in an equatorial desert (shaped by the Hadley circulation on this slowly rotating world). The dunes and seas shed light on present and past climate on Titan. Structure of the Martian polar cap is revealed by radar, amid efforts to decode its record of Mars climate variations. Sulfur dioxide varies on Venus – a signature of Volcanism?

  • 4 - Feeling the Heat

  • Ralph D. Lorenz, The Johns Hopkins University
  • Book:
    Exploring Planetary Climate
    Published online:
    14 December 2018
    Print publication:
    03 January 2019, pp 63-82

  • Summary

    Chronicles the dust bowl and the recognition of catastrophic outflows at end of last ice age. Callendar's recognition of the growing CO2 abundance and rising temperatures and the link between the two. Development of computers, radio telescopes. Remote measurement of the temperature of Venus, speculations about what might make it so hot. Efforts to measure water vapor in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus from balloons.

Page 120 of 851