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237383 results in Physics and Astronomy

Page 109 of 11870

  • 1 - James Clerk Maxwell and Structural Mechanics

  • from Part I - Maxwell and Structural Mechanics
  • Edited by William F. Baker, Skidmore Owings and Merrill, Chicago, Allan McRobie, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    The Geometry of Equilibrium
    Published online:
    03 May 2025
    Print publication:
    22 May 2025, pp 3-6
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  • 1. - Chronological sequence of missions and events

  • Philip J. Stooke, University of Western Ontario
  • Book:
    The International Atlas of Mars Exploration
    Published online:
    13 June 2025
    Print publication:
    22 May 2025, pp 1-575

  • Summary

    This section examines planning for missions after Curiosity, including the process of landing site selection. It depicts the activities of NASA’s InSight lander and Perseverance rover, China’s Tianwen-1 lander and Zhurong rover, and orbiting spacecraft including MAVEN, Hope and the Trace Gas Orbiter. Plans for future human exploration of Mars are presented as they were imagined in this period.

  • Adjoint-aided homogenisation for flows through heterogeneous membranes

  • Kevin Wittkowski, Edouard Boujo, François Gallaire, Giuseppe Antonio Zampogna
  • Journal:
    Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 1011 / 25 May 2025
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    22 May 2025, A51
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  • Porous membranes, like nets or filters, are thin structures that allow fluid to flow through their pores. Homogenisation can be used to rigorously link the flow velocity with the stresses on the membrane via several coefficients (e.g. permeability and slip) stemming from the solution of Stokes problems at the pore level. For a periodic microstructure, the geometry of a single pore determines these coefficients for the whole membrane. However, many biological membranes are not periodic, and the porous microstructure of industrial membranes can be modified to address specific needs, resulting in non-periodic patterns of solid inclusions and pores. In this case, multiple microscopic calculations are needed to retrieve the local non-periodic membrane properties, negatively affecting the efficiency of the homogenised model. In this paper, we introduce an adjoint-based procedure that drastically reduces the computational cost of these operations by computing the pore-scale solution’s first- and second-order sensitivities to geometric modifications. This adjoint-based technique only requires the solution of a few problems on a reference geometry and allows us to find the homogenised solution on any number of modified geometries. This new adjoint-based homogenisation procedure predicts the macroscopic flow around a thin aperiodic porous membrane at a fraction of the computational cost of classical approaches while maintaining comparable accuracy.

  • Revisiting the bimodality of galactic habitability in IllustrisTNG

  • Ana Mitrašinović, Branislav Vukotić, Teodora Žižak, Miroslav Micic, Milan M. Ćirković
  • Journal:
    Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 42 / 2025
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    22 May 2025, e066
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  • The potential of a galaxy to host habitable planets is one of the most important questions in astrobiology. It is tightly connected to the evolution of galaxy-scale properties and the underlying cosmological processes. Using the improved cosmological simulation IllustrisTNG, we revisit the claim that a population of small, metal-rich, star-forming galaxies (‘Cloudlet’), forms a local peak on the mass-metallicity relation, reflecting an enhanced galactic habitability potential. We refine the earlier analysis by applying updated filtering criteria to identify a more refined sample, further selecting objects based on their history. This process resulted in a confirmed sample of 97 dwarf galaxies, alongside 519 additional structures of uncertain origin, potentially comprising both numerical artefacts and unrecognised physical systems. Under these stricter conditions, the proposed bimodality in galactic habitability is strongly diminished. However, the astrobiological potential of metal-rich dwarfs, most of which are compact remnants of more massive galaxies that underwent tidal stripping, is a thrilling area of exploration. Although dense stellar environments are traditionally seen as inhospitable, recent studies highlight the role of dynamic environments in enhancing the distribution of biological material. Furthermore, the potential habitability of tidal structures formed in the aftermath of galactic interactions is a fascinating possibility. Our findings suggest that non-traditional structures support conditions favourable for life, opening up exciting new avenues for astrobiological research. This research underscores the need for a holistic approach to studying habitability that moves beyond planetary and stellar-focused frameworks to incorporate the broader galactic environment. Understanding the interactions between galaxies, their evolution, and the influence of their surroundings is essential to developing a more comprehensive model of how and where life might emerge and persist across the Universe.

Page 109 of 11870