Comprehending resilience in the face of mental health issues is important, especially for young people who deal with a variety of psychological pressures. This study aims to investigate the co-occurrence of several mental health conditions and the role of resilience as a potential intervention in youth 14–25 years in the Nairobi metropolitan area. We recruited 1,972 youths. The following self-administered instruments were used: resilience (ARM-R), hopelessness (BHS), depression (BDI, PHQ-9), PTSD (HTQ), loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale) and suicidality (C-SSRS). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted on the data. The key findings are that depression and hopelessness showed a strong negative association with resilience. PTSD and recent suicidal ideation and behavior showed less negative association with resilience. Building resilience is an important intervention for the conditions reported in our study among the youth. This study contributes novel insights into the intersection of multiple psychological stressors and resilience, paving the way for more targeted, integrative mental health interventions.

Parenting programs are effective ways to reduce child maltreatment and promote nurturing parent–child relationships. Yet, the potential of faith-based, positive parent programs, particularly those conducted globally at scale, remains underexplored. We conducted a pre-post and 6-month follow-up, single-group study of a faith- and community-based parenting program, Celebrating Families (CF), in 12 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Central America and South East Asia. Using a train-the-trainers model, faith leaders delivered group-based parenting workshops over 3–5 days to a nonrandomized sample of 2201 caregivers across 12 countries. Data was collected at three time points. Shifts in caregiver attitudes and beliefs were assessed pre- and post, and harsh parenting behaviors were measured at pre- and 6-months after CF parent program implementation. Acceptability was demonstrated by high attendance and high satisfaction ratings from facilitators and caregivers. Trained faith and community leaders feasibly delivered the CF parent groups and were rated by caregivers to have strong teaching skills. Qualitative analysis of their feedback at 6-month follow-up highlighted barriers to implementation and areas for improvement. Results with those caregivers who completed the program suggest large to medium effect size improvements in caregiver attitudes around harsh discipline and nurturing parenting by country and change in reported use of harsh parenting behaviors at 6 months. Findings suggest that CF is a feasible and acceptable program with promising short-term effects for caregivers of children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries.

Depression and anxiety are common mental health issues globally, yet limited research has focused on job seekers in Bangladesh. This study examines the prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety symptoms among Bangladeshi graduates seeking employment. A cross-sectional study was conducted among graduates from two public universities in Bangladesh, using face-to-face interviews and a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were collected between March and April 2024 through convenience sampling. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used for analysis with SPSS software. Among the participants, 46.8% experienced depressive symptoms and 67.8% had anxiety symptoms, with 42.3% experiencing both. Factors associated with a reduced risk of depressive symptoms included being a first child (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.25–0.93, p = 0.031) and exam satisfaction (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.12–0.39, p < 0.001). Lower symptoms of anxiety were associated with being male (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.25–0.80, p = 0.007), first-born status (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.22–0.92, p = 0.030), financial contribution to family (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.19–0.81, p = 0.011), over 12 months of preparation (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.15–0.92, p = 0.034) and exam satisfaction (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.22–0.71, p = 0.002). Intentionally unemployed participants had a higher risk of anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.00–2.89, p = 0.046). This study reveals high rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms among job-seeking graduates in Bangladesh. Socio-demographic and job-related factors appear to significantly impact mental health, underscoring the need for a holistic approach to address these challenges. Targeted mental health interventions and increased public awareness are essential to support vulnerable groups in navigating the highly competitive job market.

Traditional faith healers (TFHs) are often consulted for serious mental illness (SMIs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Involvement of TFHs in mental healthcare could provide an opportunity for early identification and intervention to reduce the mental health treatment gap in LMICs. The aim of this study was to identify models of collaboration between TFHs and biomedical professionals, determine the outcomes of these collaborative models and identify any mechanisms (i.e., explanatory processes) or contextual moderators (i.e., barriers and facilitators) of these outcomes. A systematic scoping review of five electronic databases was performed from inception to March 2023 guided by consultation with local experts in Nigeria and Bangladesh. Data were extracted using a predefined data charting form and synthesised narratively. Six independent studies (eight articles) satisfied the inclusion criteria. Study locations included Ghana (n = 1), Nigeria (n = 1), Nigeria and Ghana (n = 1), India (n = 1), Hong Kong (n = 1) and South Africa (n = 1). We identified two main intervention typologies: (1) Western-based educational interventions for TFHs and (2) shared collaborative models between TFHs and biomedical professionals. Converging evidence from both typologies indicated that education for TFHs can help reduce harmful practices. Shared collaborative models led to significant improvements in psychiatric symptoms (in comparison to care as usual) and increases in referrals to biomedical care from TFHs. Proposed mechanisms underpinning outcomes included trust building and empowering TFHs by increasing awareness and knowledge of mental illness and human rights. Barriers to implementation were observed at the individual (e.g., suspicions of TFHs), relationship (e.g., reluctance of biomedical practitioners to equalise their status with TFHs) and service (e.g., lack of formal referral systems) levels. Research on collaborative models for mental healthcare is in its infancy. Preliminary findings are encouraging. To ensure effective collaboration, future programmes should incorporate active participation from community stakeholders (e.g., patients, caregivers, faith healers) and target barriers to implementation on multiple levels.

The Israeli escalation of violence and oppression in Gaza, particularly following the events of October 7, 2023, has deepened the trauma and exacerbated the already grievous conditions of dispossession and exploitation faced by Palestinians. The present exploratory work sought to analyze war-related traumatic experiences among Gazans following the recent Israeli genocide against Gazans. Thirty participants (mean age for males = 32.45 years, SD = 10.13; mean age for females = 30.28 years, SD = 9.15; range 19–57) were recruited via snowball sampling. Interviews were analyzed through thematic content analysis. Thematic content analysis of the interview transcripts led to the identification of five main themes: (1) challenges and difficulties faced Gazans, (2) traumatic experiences related to war, (3) feelings and emotions among Gazans living in refugee camps, (4) how do Gazans perceive the future and (5) survival coping employed by Gazans following the on-going genocide against the Gaza Strip. The findings of this study highlight the profound humanitarian crisis in Gaza, calling for urgent attention to the ongoing crisis in Gaza and advocating for comprehensive humanitarian support and psychological interventions to address the deep-seated trauma and help rebuild lives shattered by conflict.

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of common mental disorder (CMD; depression/anxiety) symptoms and risky substance use in people with epilepsy in Ethiopia (four districts) on quality of life (QoL) and functioning over 6 months. A prospective cohort study was carried out. Multivariable linear regression followed by structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed. In the multivariable regression model, neither CMD symptoms (β coef. = −0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.30, +0.55) nor moderate to high risk of alcohol use (β coef. = −0.70, 95% CI −9.20, +7.81) were significantly associated with a change in QoL. In SEM, the summative effect of CMD on QoL was significant (B = −0.27, 95% CI −0.48, −0.056). Change in functional disability was not significantly associated with common mental disorder (CMD) symptoms (β coef. = −0.03, 95% CI −0.48, +0.54) or with moderate to high risk of alcohol use (β coef. = −1.31, 95% CI −5.89, 3.26). In the SEM model, functional disability was predicted by both CMD symptoms (B = 0.24, 95% CI 0.06, 0.41) and seizure frequency (B = 0.67, 95% CI 0.46, 0.87). In this rural Ethiopian setting, co-morbid CMD symptoms and seizure frequency independently predicted functional disability in people with epilepsy.

Most people with mental illness in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) do not receive biomedical treatment, though many seek care from traditional healers and faith healers. We conducted a qualitative study in Buyende District, Uganda, using framework analysis. Data collection included interviews with 24 traditional healers, 20 faith healers, and 23 biomedical providers, plus 4 focus group discussions. Interviews explored treatment approaches, provider relationships, and collaboration potential until theoretical saturation was reached. Three main themes emerged: (1) Biomedical providers’ perspectives on traditional and faith healers; (2) Traditional and faith healers’ views on biomedical providers; and (3) Collaboration opportunities and barriers. Biomedical providers viewed faith healers positively but traditional healers as potentially harmful. Traditional and faith healers valued biomedical approaches while feeling variably accepted. Interest in collaboration existed across groups but was complicated by power dynamics, economic concerns, and differing mental illness conceptualizations. Traditional healers and faith healers routinely referred patients to biomedical providers, though reciprocal referrals were rare. The study reveals distinct dynamics among providers in rural Uganda, with historical colonial influences continuing to shape relationships and highlighting the need for integrated, contextually appropriate mental healthcare systems.

In this study, network analysis was conducted using an exploratory approach on the variables of self-efficacy, academic resilience (AR), cognitive test anxiety and academic achievement (ACH), which are frequently examined in educational research. Data were collected from a total of 828 Turkish secondary school adolescents (51.9% female), using three different self-reported scales for self-efficacy, AR and cognitive test anxiety, as well as an ACH scale. The data were analyzed using regularized partial correlation network analysis (EBICglasso). The results show that academic self-efficacy (ASE) stands out among the variables of the study and that there is a positive relationship between ASE and all other variables except cognitive test anxiety. Besides, increasing students’ ASE and AR levels plays a notable role in increasing their ACH levels. By providing new evidence on the relationships among these variables, this study offers insights that may inspire educational policy interventions.

For refugee children, there are a number of risk factors for poor mental health and psychosocial well-being, many of them exacerbated for those refugee children living in low-resource settings. There is some evidence that caregiver warmth, parenting self-efficacy and positive relationships between caregivers and children can act as protective factors against poor mental health outcomes for children and adolescents. This study sought to assess if caregiver-level factors (parental warmth and affection, positive child-caregiver interaction and parenting self-efficacy) are protective for symptoms of child depression. To address these questions, a quantitative survey was implemented (n = 501) in the Imvepi refugee settlement in Uganda. Results indicated bivariate associations between several caregiver-level factors and child depression. However, in multivariate models, which included measures of economic stress, both parental warmth and affection and child-caregiver interaction were no longer significantly associated with child-reported depression. Parenting self-efficacy was found to be significantly associated with lower child-reported depression. These findings indicate the need to examine and explore how or if caregiver-level factors, such as warmth and parenting self-efficacy, as well as child-caregiver relationships overall, operate in the context of chronic stress. Whereas caregiver-level factors are potentially protective against poor mental health for refugee children, contextual factors, such as poverty and livelihood opportunities, may constrain the positive impacts of parenting.

This scoping review synthesizes existing literature on the application of the capability approach (CA) to address the health and well-being of Indigenous Peoples across the globe. Academic and grey literature searches led to the identification of 20 papers for inclusion in the review. Findings reveal a growing interest in applying the CA to Indigenous health and well-being research, highlighting its potential to guide interventions and policies. The included studies indicate that the CA has been applied to individual capabilities such as facilitating access to services and collective capabilities linked to identity and traditional knowledge preservation. A key finding across the reviewed literature is the importance of incorporating Indigenous values into defining programmes and policies aimed at improving Indigenous Peoples’ well-being. The review underscores the varied application of the CA by researchers aligning with the position of either Sen or Nussbaum, leading to contrasting methodological approaches. Results underscore the CA’s potential as a culturally sensitive framework for participatory and locally embedded development of well-being interventions and policies.

Adolescence is a critical period marked by significant physical and psychological changes, yet there is limited understanding of suicidal behaviors among adolescents in Bangladesh. To address this gap, the MeLiSA study utilizing a two-stage stratified cluster sampling approach was conducted to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation, plans and attempts among adolescents. A total of 1,496 participants were recruited from urban and rural areas, and their socio-demographic characteristics and data on smoking, alcohol use, depression, anxiety and insomnia were obtained. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used for univariate analyses, followed by multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with suicidal behaviors. The findings revealed that 6.8% reported experiencing lifetime suicidal ideation, with 2.3% suicide plans and 0.8% suicide attempts. The 12-month prevalence rates were 3.2% for suicidal ideation, 1.5% for suicide plans and 0.6% for suicide attempts. Smoking emerged as a significant predictor of suicidal ideation, plans and attempts, while alcohol use was strongly linked to past-year suicide attempts. Depression was associated with lifetime suicidal ideation, whereas anxiety significantly influenced both lifetime and past-year suicide plans. These results provide valuable insights that could inform evidence-based interventions and policies to address prevalent mental disorders and suicidal behaviors among adolescents in Bangladesh.

Task-sharing holds promise for bridging gaps in access to mental healthcare; yet there remain significant challenges to scaling up task-sharing models. This formative study aimed to develop a digital platform for training non-specialist providers without prior experience in mental healthcare to deliver a brief psychosocial intervention for depression in community settings in Texas. A 5-step development approach was employed, consisting of: blueprinting, scripting, video production and digital content creation, uploading digital content to a Learning Management System and user testing. This resulted in the development of two courses, one called Foundational Skills covering the skills to become an effective counselor, and the second called Behavioral Activation covering the skills for addressing adult depression. Twenty-one participants with a range of health-related backgrounds, including 11 with prior training in mental healthcare, completed the training and joined focus group discussions offering qualitative feedback and recommendations for improving the program’s usability. Participant feedback centered around the need to make the content more interactive, to include additional engaging features, and to improve the layout and usability of the platform. The next steps will involve evaluating the training program on developing the skills of non-specialist providers and supporting its uptake and implementation.

In the rural villages of the Sierra Madre region of Chiapas, women experiencing hardship show signs of emotional distress that are diagnosed as depression and anxiety by health professionals. In this study, we critically analyze the impact of a pilot mental health group intervention (Women’s Circles) facilitated by community mental health workers. The intervention consisted of eight structured sessions that included psychoeducation from a gender perspective, mindfulness exercises, interactive activities, arts and crafts, and sharing personal experiences. We carried out participant observation and 27 semi-structured interviews with the participants. The main outcomes were, first, that participants’ moods improved, and second, that the improvement was mainly due to gathering with others and having someone to talk to. In addition, we observed that lessons during the Circles were often prescriptive, which, rather than creating a space for reflection on personal experiences, imposed globalized views of mental health and gender. In sum, we describe both the positive impact this program had on mental well-being and the problematic spreading of psychoeducation.

This paper is a bibliometric analysis of research of adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in developing nations. An analysis of 4,807 papers was conducted to show trends in these areas. The most significant research came from developed countries – with the United States and England having the most publications and the strongest citation strength. However, developing countries play an important role in the development of OCD research because of how they deliver different perspectives into the field given their more distant associations with developed nation’s research. This study will use multiple indicators of bibliometrics, most notably bibliographic coupling and citation strength, to draw conclusions to show the various contributions of different nations to the field of adolescent OCD.