Objectives/Goals: Kentucky (KY) is a high priority ending the HIV epidemic state, with high rates of new HIV diagnoses tied to injection drug use. The overall goal of this pilot is to launch sentinel surveillance of bloodborne infections and drug compounds among people who inject drugs (PWID) to monitor trends in near-real time and inform rapid community response. Methods/Study Population: In collaboration with the Clark County, KY, syringe service program (SSP), the pilot study involves two 1-month waves of data collection: enrolling eligible SSP participants and conducting anonymous behavioral surveys, collection of participants’ syringes, laboratory testing of syringes to detect HIV and hepatitis C (HCV), drug residue testing through National Institute of Standards and Technology, and statistical modeling approaches to produce outputs of bloodborne infection and drug detection. Syringes are tested from each enrolled individual for: 1) HIV antibody; 2) HCV antibody; 3) HIV and HCV PCR; 4) HIV antigen; and 5) drug residue. Collaboration with community and PWID stakeholders will identify optimal messaging for reporting results. Results/Anticipated Results: The first wave community-facing pilot was conducted in September–October 2024. 29 survey responses were obtained; median age of the sample is 42 years, 55.2% are gender female; 37.9% reported unstable housing in the past week. Primary drugs of injection reported via survey in the prior month were methamphetamine (62.1%), heroin (13.8%), fentanyl (13.8%), buprenorphine (10.3%), meth and fentanyl in combination (3.4%). PWID reported returning 900 used syringes and a median of 15 per participant visit. At most recent testing, 69.0% reported a positive HCV test; 0% reported a positive HIV test. Some level of drug checking with fentanyl test strips in past month was reported by 51.7%. Initially, 20 syringes were tested for drug compounds; results are pending. HIV and HCV detection testing will be completed by early 2025. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Early results document proof of concept for our sentinel surveillance study; all individuals screened were willing to participate in surveys and syringe collection. New methods to identify risk for disease outbreaks and emerging drugs can inform rapid allocation of prevention resources at a community level, especially where testing is infrequent.

Objectives/Goals: Imaging neuromas, benign tumors of nerve tissue, can be difficult in amputees with osseointegrated (OI) prostheses, in which a metal rod is implanted into the residual limb. Magnetic resonance imaging can be inadequate due to the implanted metal. The aim of this study is to assess the use of ultrasound to detect neuromas in patients with OI prostheses. Methods/Study Population: This is a single-institutional observational study of 7 patients undergoing lower limb OI prostheses. Lower extremity nerve ultrasounds with 2-D grayscale and Doppler were completed at postoperative follow-up visits following OI prosthesis implantation. Specifically, the sciatic nerve, tibial nerve, common peroneal nerve, and sural nerve were targeted for imaging. Neuromas found on ultrasound were measured by maximal length in three planes. Results/Anticipated Results: Our study to date includes two patients with OI prostheses. The remaining patients will be accrued by the end of December. The first patient with a left below-the-knee amputation completed imaging 3 years after OI prosthesis implantation. The common peroneal nerve showed preserved fascicular architecture and morphology, with no distinct neuroma formation. However, the sural nerve demonstrated a 6 × 5 × 4 mm neuroma with minimal pain with deep palpation. The tibial nerve demonstrated a 14 × 11 × 8 mm neuroma within the medial calf musculature, with mild pain with deep palpation. The second patient with a right above-the-knee amputation was imaged 10 months after OI prosthesis implantation. The sciatic nerve demonstrated preserved fascicular morphology and terminated in a smooth taper. There was no defined neuroma. Discussion/Significance of Impact: In conclusion, we have preliminarily shown in the first two patients that ultrasound can successfully image neuromas in patients with OI prostheses in the postoperative period. Furthermore, despite a patient that was 3 years postoperative with two neuromas, the neuromas produced minimal to mild pain with targeted palpation.

Objectives/Goals: People with insulin-treated diabetes face hypoglycemia risk due to imperfect insulin replacement and impaired counterregulation. We identified the dopamine antagonist, metoclopramide, as a potential treatment. Hypothesis: Treatment with metoclopramide will prevent the development of impaired counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia. Methods/Study Population: In a pre-clinical model, diabetes was induced in 10-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats with streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg IP). Rats were divided into three groups: 1) diabetic controls (STZ+RS, n = 6), 2) recurrent hypoglycemia (STZ+RH, n = 7), and 3) recurrent hypoglycemia + metoclopramide (STZ+RH+MET, 3 mg/kg IP, n = 7). After 3 days, all rats underwent a hyperinsulinemic (50 mU/kg/min) and hypoglycemic (~45 mg/dl) clamp. In the clinical trial, adults with Type 1 diabetes (age 20–60, ≥5 years duration) were enrolled in a phase II, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Awareness status was assessed via Gold score, and subjects maintained drug regimens and underwent two hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamps (where blood glucose was lowered to 100, 65, 55, and 45 mg/dl) to assess counterregulation. Results/Anticipated Results: In the pre-clinical model, glucose infusion rates (GIR) to maintain hypoglycemia were higher in STZ+RH (27±0.9 mg/kg/min) than STZ+RS (19±0.8 mg/kg/min, p Discussion/Significance of Impact: Metoclopramide improves glucoregulatory, sympathoadrenal, and counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in pre-clinical models, suggesting dopaminergic regulation. While clinical data are still blinded, increased epinephrine and growth hormone responses suggest treatment may preserve or restore counterregulation.

Objectives/Goals: To explore the caregivers’ lived experiences related to facilitators of and barriers to effective primary care or neurology follow-up for children discharged from the pediatric emergency department (PED) with headaches. Methods/Study Population: We used the descriptive phenomenology qualitative study design to ascertain caregivers’ lived experiences with making follow-up appointments after their child’s PED visit. We conducted semi-structured interviews with caregivers of children with headaches from 4 large urban PEDs over HIPAA-compliant Zoom conferencing platform. A facilitator/co-facilitator team (JH and SL) guided all interviews, and the audio of which was transcribed using the TRINT software. Conventional content analysis was performed by two coders (JH and AS) to generate new themes, and coding disputes were resolved by team members using Atlas TI (version 24). Results/Anticipated Results: We interviewed a total of 11 caregivers (9 mothers, 1 grandmother, and 1 father). Among interviewees, 45% identified as White non-Hispanic, 45% Hispanic, 9% as African-American, and 37% were publicly insured. Participants described similar experiences in obtaining follow-up care that included long waits to obtain neurology appointments. Participants also described opportunities to overcome wait times that included offering alternative healthcare provider types as well as telehealth options. Last, participants described desired action while awaiting neurology appointments such as obtaining testing and setting treatment plans. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Caregivers perceived time to appointment as too long and identified practical solutions to ease frustrations while waiting. Future research should explore sharing caregiver experiences with primary care providers, PED physicians, and neurologists while developing plans to implement caregiver-informed interventions.

Objectives/Goals: The objectives of the study were to evaluate end-user feedback regarding usefulness and compliance with the revised DoD PRA-CR. The PRA-CR utilizes symptom-guided management strategies to advance service members with acute concussion through 6 stages of gradually increased activity prior to their Return to Duty (RTD). Methods/Study Population: Clinical providers previously trained on the PRA-CR were invited via email to participate in an online survey-based study to examine their opinions and utilization of the revised PRA-CR. Participants who responded to the initial email invitation were provided an electronic Microsoft Forms based survey. Of the 83 total responders, 36 met inclusion criteria and advanced to the end-user survey. Six items were designed to assess inclusion–exclusion criteria (i.e., credentialed medical provider trained in the PRA-CR with experience treating concussion over the previous 2 years). Four items gauging utilization required yes/no responses; 20 opinion items on a 7-point Likert scale ranged from strongly disagree to strongly agree; 5 explanatory items were multi-select; and 1 item allowed free text responses. Results/Anticipated Results: Overall, 87% of respondents who had used the revised CR indicated that it helped them treat patients with acute concussion and 73% rated, “ease of use” favorably. Of the newly added elements to the CR, utilization of the Patient Leadership Guide (PLG) was the highest at 78%, with the majority of the providers rating the PLG as useful in communicating with patients and command. In contrast, only 35% of participants reported using the Physical RTD screening section and 22% indicated using the Cognitive RTD screening tool. Those not utilizing the Physical screening identified a lack of support staff (67%) or setting barriers (47%) as the primary reasons. Those not utilizing the Cognitive RTD screening tool identified multiple barriers to use including availability (72%), inexperience (39%), and baseline data access (33%). Discussion/Significance of Impact: This study sought end-user (provider) feedback regarding the revised PRA-CR’s usability and utility, in addition to their confidence in the tool itself. Overall results were generally positive, except for the updated Physical RTD and newly introduced Cognitive RTD screenings.

Objectives/Goals: Obtaining reliable clinical research professional (CRP) employment data within and across Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) institutions is an ongoing challenge. We describe an intra-institutional approach implemented to generate routine and accurate CRP data reports to monitor and evaluate CRP career progression and assist in formation of an institutional CRP network. Methods/Study Population: A research job family with 47 job series including human, animal, and laboratory research positions was implemented at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). However, CRP job satisfaction surveys and evaluations could not be confidently interpreted due to the confounding animal and laboratory research positions. Led by VCU Clinical and Translational Science Awards Workforce Development a cross-functional team was formed to isolate specific CRP positions. The team included CRP front-line staff and managers partnering with VCU Human Resource Information Systems. Identified were 39 unique CRP positions across 13 distinct job series. This identification provides CRP new hire and job specific data for evaluation and tracking as well as the ability for CRP directed communications. Results/Anticipated Results: Initial and monthly HR data reports were used to develop an institutional CRP list-serv for 325–350 allowing for targeted CRP communications within a decentralized environment. Bimonthly HR data reports identify university new hires and internal transfers into any of the 39 unique jobs within 0 – 12 days of hire. Twelve unique data points are provided (name, email, current position hire date, job code, job title, working title, department, division, supervisor’s name, job title, email, and job code) allowing for tracking and analysis of retention rates, career progression, and lateral movement among other outcomes. Collaboration led by VCU Clinical and Translational Science Awards Workforce Development team provides the representative CRP staff, managers, and institutional leadership with a renewed confidence interpreting CRP employment data. Discussion/Significance of Impact: The team science approach to identify and develop routine and real-time reporting of CRP job specific data provides a rich source of information. The information is used to evaluate CRP job satisfaction and factors contributing to CRP retention, engage in future mixed-methods research, and support the formation of an institutional CRP network.

Objectives/Goals: The objective of this project is to develop a tool for evaluating clinical trial (CT) eligibility criteria for demonstrated “gender literacy,” defined as the recognition that biologically assigned “sex” is distinct from personally defined “gender identity,” as a way to quantify the inclusion of gender minority populations. Methods/Study Population: The study is validating an assessment scale that evaluates gender literacy based on CT eligibility criteria (EC). Two health professionals will serve as “coders,” tasked with grading 15 CTs. EC for all CTs will be exported from clinicaltrials.gov. Once trained with using the scale, each coder will give a score for each trial. After this first scoring period, coders will share their scores and experiences using the scale. Coders will be tasked again with grading 15 new CTs. This second scoring period will yield final scores to calculate the inter-rater reliability (IRR), or the extent to which qualitative measurements are consistent and not due to random chance. IRR will be quantified by Cohen’s kappa to validate the scale. Results/Anticipated Results: Cohen’s kappa is on a continuous interval from 0 to 1, where 0 means no agreement and 1 means perfect agreement. It is expected that the Cohen’s kappa for this assessment scale will exceed 0.80. Such validation is necessary to ensure the scale is robust and dynamic for multiple use-cases and consistent across any coder. By having a discussion after the initial scoring period, we can identify confusions or challenges with the scale early on and correct them before the secondary scoring period. In comparing these two coders’ performance, it is expected that the second scores will be more similar, thus a kappa closer to 1. However, if the kappa is low, this may be because gender literacy is a learned skill, through the internalized recognition that gender is truly different from sex. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Systemic barriers and exclusionary language have excluded gender minorities from CT spaces for too long. Tools such as these, paired with standardized language for sex and gender eligibility criteria, will greatly bolster the representation of this population and spark change for a more inclusive future.

Objectives/Goals: Sexual minority populations (SMPs), including lesbian, gay, and bisexual groups, disproportionately encounter discriminatory experiences due to bi/homonegativity and systemic inequities across various social domains. We aim to understand how the neighborhood-level stressors and resilience sources differed across specific groups in SMPs. Methods/Study Population: Utilizing the NIH All of Us’ cloud-based platform, we selected cohorts self-identifying as gay (n  =  9,454), bisexual (n  =  15,284), lesbian (n = 5267), or straight (n  =  349,748). We explored multiple key measures of neighborhood-level stressors (e.g., neighborhood disorder, neighborhood cohesion, and environment index) and resilience sources (e.g., neighbor cohesion, social support), and other factors (e.g., food insecurity, housing insecurity, and housing instability) by their sexual orientations using analysis of variance or Chi-square analyses. Results/Anticipated Results: Our sample comprised 60.8% females and 37.5% males identifying as non-binary or transgender, with an average age of 55.6 years (SD  =  17.1). The racial composition was 56.0% White, 19.4% Black, 18.7% Hispanic, and 5.9% others (e.g., Asian, multiracial). Compared to straight individuals, SMPs reported high neighborhood stressors (e.g., disorder, worse environment) but lower neighborhood-level resilience sources (e.g., social support, cohesion). In addition, bisexual groups reported highest prevalence of housing insecurity (6.7% vs. 2.3%), housing instability (36.0% vs. 19.6%), and food insecurity (26.57% vs. 12.21%). Discussion/Significance of Impact: SMPs, particularly bisexual individuals, face greater neighborhood stressors and fewer resilience sources than their straight counterparts. These findings call for targeted interventions to address these disparities and promote health equity, using large-scale datasets to inform community-based solutions.

Objectives/Goals: High-performing translational teams (TTs) effectively draw knowledge from empirical data to develop health solutions. However, some TTs lack rigorous data approaches, resulting in inefficiency. The ICTR data science initiative integrates team-oriented data science for more innovative and reproducible translational research. Methods/Study Population: To help TTs better leverage data science, the Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison orchestrated a strategic initiative involving four main actions. • Assess needs. Determine how TTs are using data science and identify essential tools for success. • Establish partnerships. Develop strategic relationships to centralize resources and engage data scientists. Provide team science training to ensure effective integration. • Develop educational pathways. Design and implement workshops to demystify novel data science tools and upskill translational scientists. • Facilitate culture change. Identify ways that all ICTR services can help identify needs, foster educational pathways, and encourage partnerships to help TTs better leverage data science. Results/Anticipated Results: Initial assessments indicated that fewer than 25% of TTs receiving pilot awards used data science tools, and only 10% had a data scientist on their team. Data from collaboration planning sessions indicated that few TTs used data science, but all were interested in learning more. To address this deficiency, ICTR partnered with the Data Science Institute and the Section of Applied Clinical Informatics. This expertise informed resource development (e.g., a data science primer, websites) and generated workshops. Educational opportunities include tailored workshops to help TTs better curate data and create more efficient workflows, graduate course modules to improve rigor and reproducibility, and seminars illustrating translational applications of AI, visualizations, and large data integration. Discussion/Significance of Impact: The ICTR Data Science Initiative was designed to empower TTs to more effectively integrate data to power translation. As data science approaches and expertise are embedded within teams, we anticipate continued increases in interest and usage of data science tools, collaborative publications, and data rich applications for extramural funding.

Objectives/Goals: We aim to develop an intuitive interface to understand the possible relationships between data from different RNA-Seq technologies. It can help novice users and educators to understand, analyze, explain, and visualize such datasets from diverse platforms, all without the need for additional software installations or strong programming expertise. Methods/Study Population: An online interactive interface is developed, integrating robust algorithms for three distinct types of analyses: DESeq2 for bulk RNA-seq, CIBERSORTx for deconvolution, and Seurat for single-cell analysis, with plans to include more algorithms. It allows a demo mode for training using the sample datasets and option for tailored analysis using user’s partially processed data. The interface provides capability to process bulk RNA-seq data from raw counts or a differential gene list. Further, deconvolution analysis for bulk RNA-seq data can be done using raw counts and single-cell data analysis can be performed using processed sequence reads, organized into three key files: barcodes, matrix, and features. Users also have an option to download the results as a zipped file, for samples from human and mouse studies. Results/Anticipated Results: Users with an active internet connection can access the interface from any major web browser. They can adjust parameters – such as genome type, cutoff thresholds, and batch effect correction – according to their specific needs. Bulk RNA-seq results are presented in the form of volcano plots, heat-maps, clusters, gene expression across samples, DEGs, and enrichment plots from KEGG and GO analyses. Deconvolution analysis can be performed using either the “LM22” signature matrix (for human leukocyte cell types) or Derm22 (for skin-specific cell types). The single-cell workflow provides results including quality control metrics, UMAP clustering, gene expression plots/tables, and cluster annotation using CellTypist. Comprehensive details on methods and tutorials are available in the GitHub repository. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Although multiple workflows are available to process bulk and single cell RNA-Seq data along with deconvolution methods to bridge the gap between the two, this is the first online interface to provide the capability to explore and analyze data from all three approaches in one place, without requiring strong computational expertise or resources.

Objectives/Goals: Community health workers (CHWs) are links between the community and healthcare. As primary care (PC) expands to address social drivers of health, CHWs are becoming part of PC teams, yet how the two integrate is not well understood. Using an input-mechanism-outcome (IMO) model, this research seeks to develop a model to expand CHW-PC integration efforts. Methods/Study Population: Participants were recruited from Roots Community Health Center (Roots), a CHC serving historically marginalized communities, that has successfully integrated a CHW role, Roots Health Navigators (RHNs), into PC services. The preliminary conceptual framework for this study was guided by an overarching IMO model and informed by social identity theory, team science, and the interprofessional care literature. A mixed methods study was conducted in three phases: 1) cross-sectional survey, 2) semi-structured interviews, and 3) model development. The survey identified team dynamics such as communication, trust, and shared understanding, and interviews explored how these collaborative teaming mechanisms take shape. Findings were merged into a final model of CHW-PC integration that was reviewed by Roots leaders. Results/Anticipated Results: Survey results (n  =  25) highlighted highly rated team dynamics including shared understanding and acting and feeling like a team. Qualitative findings (n  =  10) described how integration occurred through complex interactions that were community-responsive and collectively reduced burnout among the team. Joint findings noted the importance of RHNs to continuity of care, building trust, and enhancing PC team effectiveness. Findings informed the development of a model of CHW-PC integration. This expanded on the preliminary conceptual framework by highlighting the dynamic relationship between mechanisms, processes, and team emergent states, as well as providing evidence to support feedback loops between inputs, mechanisms, and outcomes with overarching influence from the contextual setting. Discussion/Significance of Impact: With a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of CHW-PC integration, findings informed the development of a model that can support other communities to replicate this approach to care and address critical patient needs. Teaming factors that sustain CHW-PC integration may be transferrable to other care teams integrating nontraditional roles.

Objectives/Goals: To design a flexible, comprehensive framework for Data Science Units to cultivate sustainable, long-term relationships with Clinical and Translational Science Research Units. Best practices for managing Data Science collaborations are presented to improve the quality and efficiency of research conducted throughout academic health centers. Methods/Study Population: Leaders of Data Science Units across six institutions formed a workgroup to develop guidance and best practices for Data Science Units to establish long-term, sustainable collaborations with Clinical and Translational Science Research Units. This guidance is based on tools and protocols developed and employed by the participating units, which range from larger groups with over 20 partnerships to a unit with three partnerships that is actively working to expand. Importantly, partnerships are highly variable, with some partnerships at one institution representing engagement with over 500 faculty, whereas some partnerships at another institution involve the lab of a single investigator. Results/Anticipated Results: We offer guidance in three domains: (1) Identifying the needs for a new partnership, including assessing required effort and data science expertise, setting partnership priorities, developing formal agreements, and identifying goals and metrics; (2) managing data science teams by implementing regular meetings, creating project intake and prioritization processes, and effort monitoring; and (3) evaluating the successes and failures/gaps of the collaboration by measuring the metrics mapped to the goals. For each domain, we provide specific suggestions on which parties should be involved and how frequently the processes should occur. This guidance is applicable both to larger collaborative partnerships and to smaller, single faculty or staff partnerships, whether they are new or well-established. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Effective collaboration between data scientists and clinical and translational investigators is key to advancing data-driven research. The guidance and resources are presented to support Data Science Units in successfully managing long-term collaborations through goal-development, evaluation, and adapting to evolving research needs.

Objectives/Goals: Hearing loss (HL) can result from environmental and genetic factors. Some genetic variants may be more prevalent in populations living in geographic or cultural isolation. This study explores the genetic variants associated with HL in Puerto Rico and correlates these with auditory and balance disorders to uncover novel variants. Methods/Study Population: After obtaining individual informed consent and assent for a minor when applicable, we will collect clinical audiological data and biological samples (n  =  600) from families across Puerto Rico with a history of severe to profound HL. Genomic DNA will be extracted, and exome and mitochondrial genome sequencing will be conducted to identify causal variants in genes associated with HL. The study will assess the prevalence of both novel and reported variants in genes associated with HL and investigate founder variants in the Puerto Rican population. Involvement of genes so far not associated with HL will also be considered when a genetic diagnosis cannot be established. Auditory phenotypes will be correlated with genetic findings, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of genetic contributions to HL in this population. Results/Anticipated Results: This research will advance understanding of the genetic causes of HL in Puerto Rico, leading to more accurate diagnoses, personalized treatment options, and the discovery of novel genes associated with HL. It will also serve as an evidence-based reference to analyze the adequacy of current neonatal hearing screening protocols in PR. Recruitment and sample collection have begun, and we expect our findings to uncover population-specific variants. These results will provide a foundation for further genetic studies aiming at identifying the causes of HL in Puerto Ricans regardless of age of onset. Discussion/Significance of Impact: This study will enhance our understanding of hereditary HL and serve as a basis for developing population-specific diagnostic tools and interventions, particularly in the Puerto Rican population. The research will support future genetic studies and address health disparities in HL in the island.

Objectives/Goals: This study aims to evaluate diversity of participants in GLP-1 T2DKM clinical research with regard to sex, race, and ethnicity by using results data available through the ClinicalTrials.gov database. Sample population estimates for studies were calculated using the 2020 Census and compared within groups with respect to sex, race, and ethnicity. Methods/Study Population: The public ClinicalTrials.gov database was searched for interventional studies with GLP1 inclusion as treatment (n = 2,397). This search was then filtered to studies where results were reported (n = 772). From these studies, 466 studies focused on type 2 diabetes as a condition and thus became the analysis dataset. Participant and protocol information for these 466 studies were obtained from the clinical trials transformation initiative (CTTI) as an AACT data download. Observed to expected ratios were calculated for each subgroup-based population estimates from the 2020 Census and using the baseline counts of participants for studies where sex, race, and ethnicity were provided. In addition to within group comparisons, study characteristics (e.g. phase) were included in models to assess influence of covariates. Results/Anticipated Results: Of the 466 studies, 430 (92%) reported sex, 171 (37%) reported race, and 145 (31%) reported Hispanic ethnicity. Among those found to be underrepresented in studies (defined as a ratio < 1): females (mean  =  0.89, median  =  0.92); Black/African Americans (mean  =  0.88, median  =  0.39). Hispanic or Latinos mean ratio was 1.16 (95% CL: 0.97, 1.35) but had the least available data. When including covariates in the models, there were statistically significant differences in ratios with respect to sex as females had significantly lower odds compared to males (ratio > =  1), with the odds being about 21% of those for males. With respect to race, Black or African American individuals had significantly lower odds (about 32% of those of White individuals) (ratio > =  1). Discussion/Significance of Impact: This study reveals significant underrepresentation of females (mean ratio 0.89) and Black/African Americans (mean ratio 0.88) in clinical trials for GLP-1 drugs in type 2 diabetes. These disparities highlight the need for more inclusive research to ensure diverse populations benefit equally from medical advancements.

Objectives/Goals: Community gardening can foster healthy behaviors among low-income communities. This project aimed to develop a community garden. The primary objectives of this project are (1) assessing the need for and perspective on a community garden at the childcare center, (2) installing the garden, and (3) engaging children in gardening education. Methods/Study Population: This project took place at a childcare center in Harrisburg, PA. Most (74.6%) residents identified as Black or Hispanic/Latino. Every child at the center was eligible for free or reduced lunch. A listening session was held with directly impacted community members to discuss the need for a community garden. Four caregivers, 1 early childhood educator and a master gardener (n = 6) attended the listening session, in which they shared their personal strengths and challenges in growing food. Attendees provided suggestions on what foods they wanted to grow. Children enrolled in the center’s summer program (n = 50) were then invited to participate in weekly gardening activities for 9 weeks. Activities were targeted to preschoolers (3- to 5-year-olds). Older children enrolled in the summer program were welcome to participate. Results/Anticipated Results: Feedback from the listening session was positive. Attendees provided ideas on what to grow and shared interest in expanding the garden to the broader community. Project staff installed four garden beds and planted a variety of herbs (basil, mint, and lavender), fruits (strawberry and melon), and vegetables (tomato, squash, pepper, and onion). Roughly 20–50 children were engaged in the garden each week. Eight weeks into the project, one member from the broader community noticed the garden’s growth and expressed gratitude to the staff, stating “I saw you when you first started planting. This is great what you are doing for the kids.” Children and the center’s staff responded positively to the activities. The staff expressed verbal gratitude for the project and were enthusiastic about maintaining the garden. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Developing a community garden was feasible in this sample and shows potential to (1) increase children’s food literacy and vegetable acceptance and (2) bridge the gap from farm to early childcare education. The project’s success paves way for future gardening initiatives that address food access issues within other diverse low-income populations.

Objectives/Goals: To describe the evaluation processes of screening services implemented in community pharmacies. Methods/Study Population: A systematic literature review will be conducted from the last 20 years in Ovid Medline, APA PsycINFO, Clinialtrials.gov, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts. Inclusion criteria are written in English, describes a clinical or health-related screening service in a community pharmacy, and evaluation of said health screening service is included. Approximately 950 articles have been initially identified. Two authors will screen each title, abstract, and full text for inclusion. Subsequent data extraction will occur including elements of 1) evaluation framework, 2) evaluation outcomes assessed, and 3) evaluation results. All elements of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist will be followed. Quality of articles will be assessed using the MMAT. Results/Anticipated Results: Results are expected to show limited evaluation of screening services in pharmacies. Clinical conditions included in the screening services are expected to vary greatly. High-quality evaluations will be noted as templates for future evaluation of screening services in community pharmacies. Discussion/Significance of Impact: This systematic review will describe the current literature on evaluation of health screening services in community pharmacies. This will give readers an overview of how evaluations are currently being carried out in this setting, as well as provide them with templates of high-quality evaluations for future evaluation of screening services.

Objectives/Goals: Given the challenges that early career research scientists face, especially preparing for promotion and tenure, the decision on whether to join a research team can be fraught. We developed a novel training to support informed decision-making regarding new scientific teaming opportunities. Methods/Study Population: A team science workshop entitled “Should I join this research team” was designed for early career investigators from varied disciplinary backgrounds. Learning objectives for attendees included 1) describing the role of team science in translational research, 2) determining if teaming opportunities are a good fit, and 3) crafting thoughtful responses to requests. The training was initially delivered to 38 attendees (11 K scholars) during a virtual national meeting. We adapted this training for in-person delivery to K and T scholars at our CTSA regional partners. Instructional methods shared across virtual and in-person modalities included self-reflection, think and share activities, and scenario application. In-person delivery also included short video clips and small group discussions. Results/Anticipated Results: Multiple Likert-scale items were completed by workshop participants before and after completing the workshop to evaluate attendees’ confidence in their perceived abilities to explain strengths and limitations of team science, identify characteristics of effective science teams, evaluate a team invitation, assess costs and benefits, negotiate collaborative team invitations, etc. Preliminary data from the virtual workshop suggests that 54.6% of scholars were either not at all or only slightly confident in evaluating a teaming invitation. After the workshop, 45.5% reported being very confident, and 9.1% reported extreme confidence in evaluating a team invitation. Evaluation of the in-person training, along with a comparison of virtual and in-person learning outcomes will also be presented. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Our multimodal training is designed to equip early career investigators with the tools needed to evaluate and respond effectively to research team invitations. We believe this novel training will result in informed teaming decisions for early career research scientists.

Objectives/Goals: Planning research studies can be daunting for early-career investigators. The UW Madison Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR) has many services to assist, but navigating them can be convoluted. Therefore, we developed a method to streamline services for investigators. Methods/Study Population: Investigators were reaching out to ICTR research support services for assistance in the wrong order, delaying their study progress. To streamline ICTR services and improve investigator support, we developed the ICTR COllaborative Network (ICON) that meets weekly to discuss investigator needs and how best ICTR services can assist them. This group consists of members from ICTR’s Research and Protocol Development Program, the Recruitment and Retention Resource Center, and the Collaborative Center for Health Equity. After discussion and decision-making, a member of the group schedules a studio, bringing key services together at one time to help investigators more efficiently. Results/Anticipated Results: The group has worked with 22 investigators, decreasing the time to study implementation. One investigator indicated ICON saved her team over four months of work. Other investigators indicated the assistance with finding community partners and collaborators was essential to their success. We expect ICON, with its goal to streamline regulatory submissions and study planning, will continue to help investigators improve organization during study start up and execution, while enhancing recruitment strategies. This will result in quicker study completion and the capability to move forward with future projects and grant submissions. Discussion/Significance of Impact: ICON streamlined the consult process, improved efficiency of study planning, and brought together various experts for studio meetings with investigators. This efficient method can improve study function and execution for early-career investigators resulting in improved study success.

Objectives/Goals: The gut microbiome and its metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), are dysregulated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, the significance of this observation and its implications in pathogenesis and therapeutics is unclear. Here, we explore the role of the SCFA, butyrate, in treatment efficacy in new-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Methods/Study Population: We designed a proof-of-principle study to determine the effects of butyrate supplementation in new-onset RA (NORA) patients that fulfilled 2010 ACR/EULAR RA criteria. We evaluated the effects of methotrexate (MTX) plus butyrate in NORA (n = 17; 1 gm butyrate, 3 times daily) compared to MTX alone (n = 19) over 4 months. MTX responders were defined by a change in disease activity score (DAS)-28 ESR of > 1.8 at 4 months. Fecal samples were collected at baseline and followed up for 16s rRNA sequencing and metabolite quantification by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Unpaired-t, paired-t, Wilcox and Fisher’s exact test were performed as appropriate. Results/Anticipated Results: MTX responders in the MTX-only group had a higher concentration of fecal butyrate than nonresponders at baseline (p = 0.045). Fecal butyrate concentration decreased over time in treatment responders in MTX group (p = 0.05), whereas butyrate concentration remained similar in MTX/butyrate group. Prior to treatment, both MTX and MTX/butyrate groups demonstrated similar levels of gut bacterial alpha diversity (Shannon index), yet only the MTX/butyrate group demonstrated a significant increase in alpha diversity by 4 months (p = 0.022). LefSe analysis demonstrated increased abundances of Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Phascolarctobacterium in responders in the MTX/butyrate group by 4 months. Ten (52.6%) patients in MTX and 11 (64.7%) in MTX/butyrate group were considered MTX responders by 4 months (p = 0.516). Discussion/Significance of Impact: Butyrate supplementation increased gut microbial diversity in patients and led to increased abundance of Bacteroides, which has been implicated in efficacy of methotrexate, a first line medication in rheumatoid arthritis. Butyrate may have implications for the maximization of therapeutic effectiveness in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives/Goals: We hypothesized that adding cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral Fc gamma receptors (vFcγRs) to a glycoprotein B (gB) protein subunit vaccine would improve vaccine-elicited Fc mediated effector functions such as antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and cytotoxicity (ADCC), over gB subunit alone. Methods/Study Population: We immunized rabbits (n = 4 per group) at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 with 20μg gB alone or with one vFcgR (gp34, gp68, or gp95) at 20μg or 40μg, adjuvanted with squalene emusion, Addavax. Plasma from immunized rabbits was analyzed for antigen-specific IgG binding via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). ADCP was measured by conjugating whole virions to a fluorescent marker (AF647), incubating the fluorescent virus with rabbit plasma, and measuring uptake of virus by THP-1 monocytes via flow cytometry. ADCC was measured by natural killer cell degranulation via flow cytometric detection of CD107a expression following co-incubation with CMV-infected fibroblasts and rabbit plasma. Results/Anticipated Results: Each vFcγR demonstrated immunogenicity, although average vFcγR-binding IgG titers were between 4- to 10-fold higher in animals receiving the 40μg dose of each vFcγR compared to the 20μg dose. We observed similar IgG binding responses against gB among all vaccine groups. Comparing groups at peak immunogenicity (Week 10), ADCP responses were improved over gB alone by approximately twofold in animals receiving 40ug of each vFcγR. This effect was maintained across several human CMV strains with variable vFcγR genes. ADCC responses were undetectable in all animals immunized with gB alone, yet those receiving 40μg gp34 or gp95 demonstrated detectable ADCC. Discussion/Significance of Impact: HCMV-specific ADCP and ADCC are associated with protection against vertical CMV transmission, so a vaccine including vFcγRs which can improve vaccine-elicited Fc-effector responses is promising toward reducing the immense global impact of congenital CMV and associated neurologic birth defects.