ABSTRACT IMPACT: This research highlights Adverse Childhood Experiences as a potential risk factor and intervention target contributing to the disproportionate number of individuals with sickle cell disease affected by asthma, a well-established catalyst to the increased morbidity and mortality impacting this high-risk population. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are strongly associated with asthma. A disproportionate number of individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) also have asthma. Asthma is strongly associated with increased SCD morbidity and mortality. This study compared the prevalence of asthma among children and adolescents with SCD with and without ACEs. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This retrospective cohort study involved 45 children and 30 adolescents with SCD. ACEs were captured using the Center for Youth Wellness Adverse Childhood Experiences Child and Teen Questionnaires, which encompass the original 10 ACEs as well as 7 (child) and 9 (teen) expert-recommended ('expanded') ACEs. ACE exposures were categorized as: Original 0-1 vs. ≥2; Original + Expanded 0-1 vs. ≥2. Asthma prevalence was compared among ≥2 and 0-1 ACE groups using the chi-square (or Fisher’s exact) test. A binary logistic regression was performed to predict the likelihood of asthma while adjusting for characteristics (age, household income and gender) that were statistically different among ACE comparison groups at baseline. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Among the 45 child participants, 64% had a history of asthma; whereas 50% of teens had a history of asthma. Asthma prevalence was higher among teens with ≥2 vs. 0-1 Original ACEs (89% v. 33%, p=0.014). A history of ≥2 ACEs remained significant (p=0.024) among teens after adjusting for age, household income and gender. There was no significance in asthma prevalence among child ACE comparison groups. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Adolescents with ≥2 ACEs had a higher prevalence of asthma compared to subjects with 0-1 ACE. This study, coupled with the cumulative nature of ACEs and the graded-dose response relationship between ACEs and poor health outcomes, highlight the need for larger, longitudinal studies examining the relationship between ACEs, asthma and SCD outcomes.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Sleep disturbance is a common problem following military deployment. Insomnia is associated with other adverse psychiatric and medical health outcomes. There are specialized cognitive behavioral therapies that can effectively treat insomnia; however, these tend to emphasize dysfunctional beliefs about sleep rather than nocturnal vigilance. Deployment to a threatening environment can engender nocturnal vigilance, which appears to be a salient feature of sleep disturbance in formerly deployed veterans. The purpose of this analysis is to characterize sleep-interfering thoughts and behaviors observed in an ongoing pilot study of a novel 2-session intervention incorporating various cognitive techniques to improve sleep in veterans. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: To date, 10 formerly deployed US veterans with disturbed sleep have been recruited from the greater DC area. Participants are assessed at baseline, receive 2 intervention sessions, and are again assessed in 3 months. Sleep-interfering thoughts and behaviors are evaluated via self-report forms including the Fear of Sleep Inventory (FoSI), interviews, and prospective diaries. A portion of both intervention sessions addresses vigilant behaviors and sleep-interfering thoughts by teaching participants 1 of 4 techniques that target nocturnal vigilance: cognitive defusion, body scan, self-guided pleasant imagery, and dream rescripting. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: All of the first 10 participants endorsed sleep-interfering thoughts on the Fear of Sleep Index (FOSI) at a severity level of at least “a few times per month” (rating of ≥1), including several regarding previous trauma (#5) and nightmares (#10 and #16). Other elicited thoughts included thoughts about their environment (n=6), sleep (n=5), social or occupational concerns (n=8), nightmares (n=5), and health (n=4). All of the first 10 participants endorsed vigilant behaviors, including being over-attentive to their environment (n=7), checking behaviors (n=6), and being “on-guard” (n=8). Cognitive technique was selected by the participant in collaboration with the facilitator. Customized recommendations were given as to the timing and duration of practice, but all participants were instructed to practice at least once daily. Three participants (n=3) were fully compliant with their cognitive technique recommendations (choosing a body scan or imagery), 5 were partially compliant, and 2 were not compliant (both chose cognitive defusion). There was a significant reduction in sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset from baseline to post-treatment (p<0.05). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The preliminary data suggests that veterans exhibit cognitive and behavioral patterns that involve vigilance and interfere with sleep and demonstrates the need for an intervention targeting the link between nocturnal vigilance and sleep disturbance. More veteran participants and feedback are needed to optimize the efficacy and effectiveness of this sleep training.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Engagement in risky behaviors is not uncommon among adolescents. Two factors associated with risk taking are difficulty regulating emotions and impulsivity. Moreover, youth who exhibit higher scores on impulsivity-like personality traits (ie, negative urgency, positive urgency, sensation seeking, lack of premeditation, and lack of perseverance) are at even heightened risk. An effective intervention decreasing risk-taking behavior among adolescent populations in clinical settings is Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents (DBT-A), which teaches skills on emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and mindfulness. However, DBT-A has yet to be tested as an intervention for youth in a nonclinical setting. The current study aimed to fill this gap in the literature. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A 9-week DBT-A skills group was implemented in a public high school classroom (7th-8th graders; N=41) and an alternative high school for at risk youth (7th-12th graders; n=21). Of the 41 youth from the public high school classroom participated, with preintervention and postintervention data provided by 30 participants (retention of 73%). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Results found a significant increase in mindfulness skills and marginally significant increase in emotion regulation skills. Although there was not an overall change in risky behavior among participants, those who were higher on lack of premeditation and positive urgency showed steeper improvements on the skills. The second study at the alternative high school is currently underway, with no current results to report. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This study will demonstrate that DBT-A skills training is feasible in a school-based setting and shows promising preliminary evidence of decreasing risk of engagement in risky health behaviors among adolescents, particularly among high-risk youth.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To determine if a multi-modal, interdisciplinary intervention delivered to a group of prediabetic patients will result in reduced rates of diabetes progression. This project is a retrospective evaluation that will exam the feasibility and possibly efficacy of this intervention. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We will evaluate outcomes of 50 participants for the clinic, aged 21-60 inclusive. Patients will have a Body Mass Index >25kg/m2 with a diagnosis of prediabetes. Patients must be non-pregnant, using approved contraception, and agree to not become pregnant for 1 year after enrollment. After enrollment, the initial treatment period is for 1 year and includes a 12 week low calorie diet plan, a 6-month intensive behavioral and lifestyle modification plan followed by a 6 month behavior reinforcement extension. Weight management medications may be used if appropriate for the patient from a clinical perspective during the 6-month intensive behavioral/lifestyle modification. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: It is anticipated that there will be decreased weight with a mean weight loss goal of approximately >10%. Furthermore, it is expect that there will be improvement of other markers of metabolic disease. These include improvement of lipid values (LDL-C, HDL-C, Triglycerides, Total Cholesterol) as well as blood pressure with expected blood pressures of below 130/80 in greater than 50% of participants. Finally, It is expected that 50% or greater participants will have improvement of glycemic control. It is anticipated that greater than 50% of participants will have improvement of glycemic control and achieve normoglycemia. These values will be determined based upon fasting glucose or A1c. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The significance of this intervention is enormous. By demonstrating feasibility in this trial, we can work toward both assessing efficacy and possibly dissemination of this model program. If these interventions provide durable changes at scale, this could help slow the epidemic of obesity and obesity related comorbid conditions.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: There is not much known on how to improve informed consent understanding and there are no effective interventions that have been identified to improve understanding rates of information. This study seeks to assess participants understanding of the informed consent. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We studied a non-probability sample of 245 participants, 57% female, with age range from 6 to 84, currently enrolled in clinical trials conducted at an urban city, multi CTSA institution. A self-administered questionnaire approved by IRB was utilized. Redcap database was utilized for data entry. The items in the questionnaire reflected understanding of the informed consent (e.g., purpose for the study, participants’ rights, risks, benefits). Participants completed the survey during their first visit to the research centers or on a follow-up visit. Data were collected from July 2018 to November 2019. Data were analyzed descriptively by summary statistics. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: African Americans were 44%, Non-Hispanic Whites were 36%, Hispanic 6%. Others 13%. 52% married, 12% completed High school, 74.8% completed College, 13% less High school. 91% read the form themselves. 99% knew the purpose of the study; 99% knew they could quit the study at any time. While (113) 47% indicated knowledge of the potential risk, only (12)10.6% could not list any associated risk. 98% stated they had information on who to call with questions regarding the study. (204)86% knew of a potential benefit, only (11)5% could not name some study benefit. 38% were unsure/did not know the total number of visits study required of them. 74% knew the duration of the study. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Extended discussion and more time on one-one by the study teams in this CTSA tend to increase trust. This approach has been reported to be most effective in improving participant understanding of informed consent process and may result in the positive experience.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI), a prevalent cause of diarrhea, is the most notorious hospital-acquired infection, resulting in an alarming mortality and health care utilization rates. Herein, we investigate the impact of cannabis use, which is gaining significant legalization for recreational use, on the risk of CDI. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We selected adult records (age ≥ 18 years) from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2014, and identified cannabis users and other clinical conditions using ICD-9-CM codes. With multivariate logistic modeling, we generated propensity scores for cannabis users and matched them to non-users in a 1:1 ratio (104,936:104,936). We then estimated the adjusted relative risk (aRR) for having CDI using conditional Possion regression models with generalized estimating equations [SAS 9.4]. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Among the matched hospitalizations (n=209,872), cannabis usage was associated with a reduced incidence of CDI (505.8[464.7-550.6] vs. 694.9[645.8-747.70] per 100,000 hospitalizations), resulting in a 27% reduced risk of CDI (aRR:0.73[0.65-0.81]; p-value:<0.0001). Non-dependent and dependent cannabis users respectively had 22% and 78% reduced likelihood of CDI when compared to non-cannabis users (0.78[0.69-0.90] & 0.22[0.12-0.40]). Furthermore, dependent users had less risk of CDI compared to non-dependent users (0.28[0.16-0.51]). Comparatively, abusive use of other substances like alcohol and tobacco was associated with increased risk for CDI (1.30[1.13-1.49] & 1.24[1.10-1.40]) DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Unlike alcohol and tobacco abuse which are associated with elevated risk for CDI, cannabis use, is related to a decreased risk of CDI amongst hospitalized patients. Further prospective and molecular mechanistic studies are required to elucidate how cannabis impacts CDI.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Clinical Research Professional (CRP) shortages and high turnover rates directly impact the conduct of studies. A strategy for improving CRP retention is using Stay Interviews (SI), which are intentional exchanges between CRPs and leadership to enhance transparency and trust. Importantly, SIs are entirely separate from performance evaluations. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Representatives from seven academic medical centers formed a collaborative workgroup (WG) as part of the Association for Clinical and Translational Science (ACTS) Clinical Research Professionals Taskforce (CRPT) Special Interest Group (SIG). The purpose of this workgroup was to develop a Stay Interview (SI) toolkit that will empower leadership to retain high quality staff by engaging employees in open and responsive conversations about motivations to stay in their current roles. Tools previously used by collaborating institutions were evaluated and aligned to establish a sharable guide for SI best practices. Training resources to support leaders in effectively using SI tools were also developed to accompany the toolkit. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Discussions of current tool use among group members highlighted 2 categorical use cases: continuous integration to promote workforce engagement and retention; and targeted use to address acute workforce challenges. The WG identified the need for a standardized conversation guide as well as leadership tools to support effective use of the guide. From the examples collated, the group crafted a 14 question SI guide with additional probing questions that can be tailored to the work environment. Questions fell into 4 key themes: likes/dislikes, motivations, workplace influence on work life, and professional development barriers and opportunities. Anecdotally, SI use in other industries suggests that wide adoption is likely to reduce CRP workforce turnover and improve job satisfaction. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: SIs are designed to build trust and strengthen relationships, fostering positive change by acknowledging issues, understanding motivations, and increasing engagement. Leaders can make immediate actions: clearing obstacles, providing new resources, and increasing recognition. Our next step is implementing a pilot to gather workforce metrics.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: In 2014, Johns Hopkins Pediatric ICU (PICU) implemented the PICU Up! early mobilization program. Subsequent studies have shown that these protocols increase mobility of PICU patients. Process improvement requires accurate documentation. Our aim is to evaluate differences in nurse documented and actual reported mobility of PICU patients. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A quality improvement project evaluating the impact of a simulation-based early mobility training program is being conducted, with initial analysis of pre-intervention data. Inclusion criteria includes children age 1 day to 17 years old admitted to the PICU for ≥ 3 days during a day shift and exclusion criteria includes specific mobility contraindications. Data on the number of daily mobilizations, highest level of mobility achieved during each mobilization, and occurrence of safety events is captured via direct query of the bedside nurse at the end of a 12-hour shift by a research team member using a standard data collection tool. We also recorded documented events in the electronic medical record (EMR). Paired t-tests were performed for continuous data and McNemar’s test for categorical data. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In total, 50 patients were enrolled between February and April 2023. The nurses reported that patients participated in a median of 5 mobilizations (Interquartile range [IQR] 4-6) in a 12-hour shift, whereas nurses documented in the EMR that patients participated in a median of 1 mobilization (IQR 0-3; P <0.001). On direct query, the nurses stated that a total of 8 individual safety events occurred during mobility, representing a 3% (8/259) safety event rate. In the EMR, the nurses documented 1 individual safety event during mobility, representing a 1% (1/84) safety event rate (P = 0.008). Nurses reported that they mobilized 50% (25/50) of the patients out of bed; however, they documented that they mobilized only 32% (16/50) of the patients out of bed (P = 0.007). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Compared to EMR documentation, nurses report more mobilization of critically ill children during the day, including more out of bed mobilization and safety events. Future nurse education should focus on mobility documentation to ensure that it reflects mobility at the bedside to facilitate process improvement and optimize care for PICU patients.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: This poster summarizes the development and implementation of research exploring the relationship between sleep and brain health. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Three pilot studies and two secondary data analyses were conducted on 20 older adults with coronary artery disease and 30 older adults without major cardiovascular disease. They were recruited for 10 older adults with multiple chronic conditions. The study included interviews, magnetic resonance imaging, and sleep assessment of participants. Data were also gathered from two secondary sources on multiple chronic conditions, sleep, neuroimaging, cognition, and Alzheimers biomarkers. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The multidisciplinary team was from nursing, medicine, cardiology, psychology, neuroscience, radiology, and data science to address the separate research aims. The pilot studies and secondary data analyses were successfully implemented. The University of Iowa Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Center for Advancing Multimorbidity Science, and Iowa Neuroscience Consortium supported the collaboration. The teams have found that sleep and circadian rhythms characteristics may be associated with not only coronary artery disease, but also multiple chronic conditions. Having sleep disorders and reduced circadian amplitude can be associated with white matter microstructure and functional connectivity. These collaborations provided multiple funding and publication opportunities. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Interdisciplinary team research is important to enhance translational science. Although challenges were identified, using multiple methods and dataset sources with multidisciplinary team members enabled opportunities to explore multifaced topics related to sleep and brain aging.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Aim 1: To determine the true incidence of trauma-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in India. We propose to perform a prospective observational study to determine the incidence of ARDS in India. Aim 2: To perform a preliminary assessment of risk factors for ARDS in the Indian trauma population. We will leverage these findings against the global ARDS data to provide a foundation for further interventional studies. Aim 3: To evaluate the current management strategies and patient outcomes from ARDS in trauma subjects admitted to the Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center (JPNATC). These findings will identify areas in need of practice-based performance improvement in ARDS therapies in India. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This application proposes an observational study of trauma patients with ARDS, a population that continues to have substantial in-hospital mortality. The approximate number of ICU-admitted trauma cases for the study period is 1700. Specific data elements to be collected include patient demographics, comorbidities, mechanism of injury, Injury Severity Score, risk factors for ARDS, sequential organ failure and assessment scores, vital signs, laboratory values, and evidence-based treatments received, including mechanical ventilation and adjunctive therapies. Outcome data will include discharge location, ICU and hospital length of stay and all-cause mortality. Selection of Subjects: We will include all patients admitted to the JPNATC Trauma and Neurosurgical ICUs intubated and mechanically ventilated and meeting the definition of Berlin definition of ARDS8. We will collect data for a total of 12 months. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Due to gaps in reporting, the incidence, mortality, and practice-based management algorithms applied in trauma patients suffering from ARDS in India is unknown. We hypothesize that the overall incidence of trauma-related ARDS is higher, and the fraction of patients managed with evidence-based therapies is lower than global reported averages. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Although the true incidence of ARDS in trauma subjects in India is currently unknown, we suspect that it is much higher than reported. Such data are important in identification of resource allocation including ICU bed and mechanical ventilator availability, particularly in a resource-limited environment. This proposal will aid in the development of research infrastructure at JPNATC, contribute to capacity building, and the establishment of a Clinical Research unit at the Apex Institute. Finally, a provision to develop a consortium and trauma quality improvement program among the existing trauma centers in New Delhi to disseminate important research findings and guidance to the rest of India is a future benefit of the study.

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Obesity is a quickly growing pandemic that negatively impacts health, and clinicians and clinics must employ all evidence-based tools (such as self-monitoring) to help patients control their weight. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The objective of this study was to understand patient and parent perspectives on using daily self-weighing for adolescents with obesity who are seeking obesity treatment. The secondary objective was to understand perspectives on connecting smart-scales to the electronic medical record for messaging, feedback, and reminders between visits. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Thirty adolescents with obesity who were seeking obesity treatment at a tertiary pediatric weight management clinic were recruited into a single-arm feasibility study to create and assess a connection between blue-tooth scales and the electronic medical record. These adolescents and their parents were then approached about conducting exit interviews about their experience in the feasibility study -- their perspectives on connecting bluetooth scales connected to the electronic health record and using daily self-weighing at home to help them reach their healthy weight goals. The interviews were conducted by a trained interviewer who was not a PI or Co-I on the feasibility study, recorded, and transcribed. The interviews were organized on themes including technical challenges, mood, stress, clinic feedback. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The main theme expressed by participants and parents was related to past experiences of their weight loss journey. Sub-themes included: technical challenges with apps, parental involvement in weighing, being told by clinicians to weigh, and intervention impact. Most parents desired more directions and help with setting up the app connection to the EHR. Most parents did not ask their child daily about their weight status as they did not want to cause stress. Some adolescents found it stressful when parents asked about daily weight status; others found it helpful or at least not stressful. Most participants had never been advised by their clinician to regularly self-weigh. Most found it helpful to monitor their weight regularly. Most asked for reminders from clinic to weight and for feedback on weight between visits. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Overall, adolescents with obesity reported self-weighing as being helpful and most wanted some, but not daily, involvement from parents. Most parents wanted additional technological support to create the scale set-up. Nearly all parents and adolescents wanted the weights to be connected to clinic, and for there to be feedback from clinic on weight.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Impulsivity is a significant predictor of alcohol use and drinking behavior, and has been shown to be a critical trait in those with alcohol use disorder. Suggestibility, or susceptibility to social influence, has been shown to correlate with impulsivity, with highly suggestible individuals being more likely to make impulsive decisions influenced by peer groups. However, the relationship between social influence and drinking behavior is unclear. Our objective was to describe the relationship between social influence and impulsivity traits using the social delayed discounting task and potential differences in intravenous alcohol self-administration (IV-ASA) behavior. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Healthy, non-dependent drinkers (n=20) completed a CAIS session, which consisted of an initial 25-minute priming phase, where subjects were prompted to push a button to receive individually standardized IV alcohol infusions, followed by a 125-minute phase during which they could push the button for additional infusions. IV-ASA measures included the peak (PEAK) and average (AVG) BrAC and Number of Button Presses (NBP). Participants completed a social delayed discounting task (SDDT), where participants were presented with the choice of a small, sooner (SS) reward or a large, later (LL) reward. Before starting the task, participants chose peers who selected either the impulsive (SI) or non-impulsive choice (S). Intermittently, the peers’ choice was not shown (X) or different choices (D) were selected. Participants also completed the MISS, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, and the NEO personality inventory. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Participants with higher suggestibility scores had greater NBP, AVG, and PEAK BrAC in the early phase of the IV-ASA session. Higher scores on the MISS were also correlated with higher impulsivity scores including the NEO Neuroticism (N-factor) measure, BIS-11, and UPPS-P. Results also showed that the MISS score was inversely correlated with the percent of impulsive choices in the SDDT, but that this was independent of peers’ impulsive or nonimpulsive choices. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These results indicate that non-dependent drinkers that were more susceptible to social influence had heavier drinking patterns, higher IV-ASA, and higher scores on impulsivity measures. In addition, individuals that were more susceptible to social influence made more impulsive choices in general, but those choices were not affected by peer decisions during the task. As such, susceptibility to social influence may be an important determinant of impulsive choices, particularly in relation to alcohol consumption.

The National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) seeks to improve upon the translational process to advance research and treatment across all diseases and conditions and bring these interventions to all who need them. Addressing the racial/ethnic health disparities and health inequities that persist in screening, diagnosis, treatment, and health outcomes (e.g., morbidity, mortality) is central to NCATS’ mission to deliver more interventions to all people more quickly. Working toward this goal will require enhancing diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) in the translational workforce and in research conducted across the translational continuum, to support health equity. This paper discusses how aspects of DEIA are integral to the mission of translational science (TS). It describes recent NIH and NCATS efforts to advance DEIA in the TS workforce and in the research we support. Additionally, NCATS is developing approaches to apply a lens of DEIA in its activities and research – with relevance to the activities of the TS community – and will elucidate these approaches through related examples of NCATS-led, partnered, and supported activities, working toward the Center’s goal of bringing more treatments to all people more quickly.

Translation is the process of turning observations in the research laboratory, clinic, and community into interventions that improve people’s health. The Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) program is a National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) initiative to advance translational science and research. Currently, 64 “CTSA hubs” exist across the nation. Since 2006, the Houston-based Center for Clinical Translational Sciences (CCTS) has assembled a well-integrated, high-impact hub in Texas that includes six partner institutions within the state, encompassing ∼23,000 sq. miles and over 16 million residents. To achieve the NCATS goal of “more treatments for all people more quickly,” the CCTS promotes diversity and inclusion by integrating underrepresented populations into clinical studies, workforce training, and career development. In May 2023, we submitted the UM1 application and six “companion” proposals: K12, R25, T32-Predoctoral, T32-Postdoctoral, and RC2 (two applications). In October 2023, we received priority scores for the UM1 (22), K12 (25), T32-Predoctoral (20), and T32-Postdoctoral (23), which historically fall within the NCATS funding range. This report describes the grant preparation and submission approach, coupled with data from an internal survey designed to assimilate feedback from principal investigators, writers, reviewers, and administrative specialists. Herein, we share the challenges faced, the approaches developed, and the lessons learned.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Previous research suggests that weight loss during early TB treatment (first two months of anti-TB therapy) is a predictor of poor tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes among HIV-negative populations, but the relationship has not been well studied in the context of HIV. We examined the association between HIV and weight change during the first two months of anti-tuberculosis treatment, and also assessed the effects of HIV and early weight change on tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Adults with culture-confirmed, drug-susceptible, pulmonary TB, regardless of HIV status, were enrolled into the Regional Prospective Observational Research for Tuberculosis (RePORT)-Brazil cohort and followed on standard anti-TB therapy. For the primary analysis, we compared weight change in persons living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV-negative patients between baseline and two months using multivariable bootstrapped quantile regression and modified Poisson regression. For secondary analysis, we examined the separate effects of HIV and weight change on poor TB treatment outcome (treatment failure, TB recurrence, or death) using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Among 323 participants, 45 (14%) were HIV-positive. On average, PLWH lost 0.7% (interquartile range (IQR): −5.1%, 4.4%) of their baseline body weight between baseline and two months; those without HIV gained 3.5% (IQR: 0.8%, 6.7%). After adjusting for age, sex, and baseline BMI, PLWH lost 4.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): −6.5%, −1.6%) more weight during the first two months of anti-TB treatment than HIV-negative individuals. HIV infection was associated with weight loss ≥5% (adjusted odds ratio = 9.3; 95% CI: 4.2-20.6). Regarding the secondary analysis, 14 patients had a poor TB treatment outcome: 2 treatment failures, 4 cases of recurrent TB, and 8 deaths. PLWH and patients who lost ≥5% weight had significantly increased risk of poor TB treatment outcome with hazard ratios of 8.77 (95% CI: 2.96-25.94) and 4.09 (95% CI: 1.11-15.14), respectively. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our results suggest that HIV is associated with weight loss during early TB treatment, and both HIV and early weight loss were associated with poor treatment outcome. Future research should examine the potential etiologies of these findings and identify the types of interventions that would best promote weight gain during TB treatment, especially among PLWH, in order to prevent poor TB treatment outcomes.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: There are few training programs for health research staff and clinicians like The Practice-Oriented Research Training program, that include opportunities to conduct funded clinical and translational research. The goal of this study is to evaluate the long-term impact of this program on participants professional development and advancement. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The Practice-Oriented Research Training program for health research staff and clinicians was operated by the Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research from 2008 through 2018. Participants received training and formed teams that received financial support to conduct a clinical or translational study with a faculty mentor. Eleven cohorts comprising 111 individuals participated. The long-term impact of the program was evaluated using sequential mixed methods. All participants were invited to evaluate the program via an online survey in 2021. Respondents were invited to participate in interviews in 2022. Secondary records of the participants’ publications, grants, and professional advancement were collected. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: 68 participants in the PORT program published 345 papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals following the program, averaging over 5 publications per participant. These publications have been cited over 4000 times with an average of over 13 citations per paper. Large proportion of program participants have continued contributing to health research; the vast majority of program participation chose to continue at the University of Michigan. Survey results indicate participants’ belief that the program had wide-ranging and enduring impacts on key aspects of their careers, including their application of research to practice. Interviews confirmed that the program helped many participants make substantial advancement in their careers. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Training programs for health research staff and clinicians can have a substantial and enduring impact on their professional development and advancement. The need for programs like PORT will increase as the health research workforce grows. These results inform recommendations for translational scientists.