Jane Dewey (1900−1976) was the only woman in a group that John Slater described as the lucky generation of US physicists: those born near the beginning of the twentieth century and who spent time in Europe, learning with the leading quantum physicists of the era. After completing a PhD at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1925, Dewey went to Niels Bohr’s Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen. She worked on the Stark effect in helium, a key test of the recently formulated quantum mechanics. Bohr praised her skills in a fellowship application, and Karl Compton later supported her (unsuccessful) efforts to land a permanent job. Although Dewey did pioneering work in the field of quantum optics, the conditions she encountered made it difficult for her to continue on this research path. Her promising abilities did not translate into a successful academic career as they did for many of the men of the lucky generation. Perhaps she was not lucky enough. Or was luck conditional on being a man? This chapter argues that subtle – yet, structural – gender discriminatory practices contributed to her gradual exclusion from physics research, and ultimately from academia.