Index
Affirmative action policy, 3
Alberta (R&D tax incentives), 66
Alliance portfolio internationalization (API), 125
Antibiotic resistance, 83
Applied research, 85
Arpanet, 80
Ataturk, K., 167
Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, 234
Australia, 171
foreign direct investment (FDI), 267
ICT goods imports, 273
infrastructure, 271
labor productivity, 279
levels of education, 271
per capita GDP, 278
R&D tax incentives, 57
regional innovation system, 149
relative efficiency index (REI), 270
scientific and technological articles, 269
strategic alliance, 132
university-industry collaboration in R&D, 273
Belarus, 186
BibExcel, 109
Biofuels, 29
Biopolis, 162
Bolivia, 308
Bond market, 183
Brazil, 29, 160, 164, 167, 249
availability of latest technologies, 277
infrastructure, 273
mining sector, 310
national innovation system, 31
patent applications, 269
relative efficiency index (REI), 274
Brazilian Aeronautics Institute of Technology, 167
Brics countries – National innovation system (NIS)
creation model, 263,
efficiency in term of growth performance,
key questions, 251
Buick, 366
Business cycle (demand window), 39
Business event, 35
Business incubator, 12
Cadillac, 366
Calderon, F., 231
California, 8
Camera, 41
Canada, 3, 10, 12, 114, 156
infrastructure, 271
per capita GDP, 278
R&D subsidies, 68
regional innovation system, 149
relative efficiency index (REI), 271
Cancer research, 54
Capital goods, 29
Caribbean countries, 309
Chile, 29
access to technological change, 277
availability of latest technologies, 277
mining sector, 310
patent applications, 269
per capita GDP, 278
R&D specialists, 267
R&D spending, 266
scientific and technological articles, 269
university-industry collaboration in R&D, 273
China, 11, 88, 153, 160, 168, 249, 468
availability of latest technologies, 277
demand window, 39
GDP growth, 278
ICT goods imports, 273
labor productivity, 279
levels of education, 271
local market size, 278
meritocratic bureaucracy, 154
patent applications, 269
per capita GDP, 278
private bank credit, 184
public policy window, 40
relative efficiency index (REI), 271
scientific research institutions, 274
securities market, 183
vertical links among industries, 41
China Development Bank, 162
China Export-Import Bank, 162
CIS, 30
Client, 35
Co-development contract, 107
Cognitive lock-in, 333
Colocation (between invention and industry production), 419
Commercial space activity, 11
Community Innovation Survey (CIS), 454
Competition policy, 45
Confidentiality agreement, 36
Conner, 366
Core region
actor-related barriers, 348
new path development policies, 350
network-related barriers, 347
path breaking policies, 349
policy strategies, 349
Creation model
expenditures, 263
foreign direct investment (FDI), 263
human skills, 263
OECD and Brics countries (2007, 2014),
scientific or codified knowledge, 265
technological innovation, 265
technology transfer (TT), 263
Currency undervaluation (and economic growth),
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), 249, 251
indicators, 253
input variables, 253
measuring NIS efficiency,
NIS efficiency (OECD and Brics countries), 254
output variables, 253
Defense, 13
Demand window, 39
Denmark
book publishing industry, 387
patent/innovation box, 63
patent applications, 269
per capita GDP, 278
wind power technologies, 344
Developing country
bureaucracy, 2
economic growth, 305
export-led growth model, 306
innovation system,
mining sector, 310
national banking systems,
sectoral system research, 29
Development grant, 68
Development path (incremental innovation), 332
Dewey, J., 167
Diagnostic devices, 29
Diffusion model
acquisition of new technologies, 265
generation of new or incremental technological knowledge, 265
impact of scientific production, 265
knowledge acquiring capacity of firms, 265
level of education, 265
OECD and Brics countries,
scientific research, 265
technological infrastructure, 265
Djibouti, 186
Dopfer, K., 334
Dutch Disease, 309
Economic growth
and currency undervaluation,
developmental network state, 89
financial system, 180
investment in STI,
meritocratic bureaucracy, 156
role of innovation or technological progress, 249
Ecuador, 309
Endogenous growth theory, 249
Energy Conservation and Homecare Network (ECHONET) Consortium, 402
Energy system, 13
Entrepreneur, 92, 371, see also Private firm
characteristics of, 436
innovation systems, 437
innovative opportunities, 437
sectoral environment, 36
smart cities, 408
Entrepreneurial state, 86,
Entrepreneurial technology venture
strategic alliance, 107
Entrepreneurship, 30, 334, 433, see also Knowledge intensive entrepreneurship (KIE)
clustering, 360
definition of,
process of, 437
radical innovation, 332
Environment sector, 150
Equity financing, 183
Ethnic minority (impact on innovation), 2
EU Framework Program, 8
Europe, 29, 159
climate crisis, 464,
demand for innovative and sustainable solutions, 484
demography, 476
economic challenge, 464,
education levels, 476
energy use, 476
governance and policy crisis, 464,
integration, 468
investments in the energy sector, 482
issues,
knowledge intensive entrepreneurship (KIE),
member States, 481
meritocratic bureaucracy, 154
non-governmental actors, 479
productivity, 476
R&D, 473
smart cities, 396
transformation challenge, 481
transport sector, 484
youth unemployment, 467
European Central Bank, 483
European Commission, 483
EUROSTAT, 30
Evolutionary economics, 89
Experimental user, 44
Exporting country
currency undervaluation,
Fashion design industry, 387
Finland, 3, 88, 93
ICT goods imports, 273
institutional efficiency, 277
natural resources, , 308
per capita GDP, 278
policies, 164
R&D tax incentives, 57
Firestone, 366
Flying-geese policy, 161
Fontana taxonomy,
Ford, 366
Formal agreement, 36
France, 33
Financing of Technological Innovation (FIT) survey, 181
financing R&D, 182
per capita GDP, 278
R&D subsidies, 69
relative efficiency index (REI),
sectoral system, 150
Freeman, C., 9
Fujisawa, 401
Functional lock-in, 333
Future Environment City project (Japan), 401
Futuropolis, 162
General model
innovation outcomes, 266
OECD and Brics countries,
R&D specialists, 266
R&D spending, 266
technology knowledge absorption, 266
Germany, 10, 54, 88, 446, 468, 475
chemical industry, 44
citations in articles, 274
energy sector, 479
financing R&D, 182
infrastructure, 273
meritocratic bureaucracy, 155
patent applications, 269
R&D spending, 266
R&D tax incentives, 57
Global Gender Gap Report, 159
Goodyear, 366
Google Scholar, 109
Governing the market, 165
Government, see also Innovation policy, Public policy, Public sector organization
absorptive capacity, 95
lead investor and risk taker, 97
participating in the national R&D effort, 55
transformational capacity, 85
vision of, 91
Government investment (evaluating of), 96
Government laboratory, 5
Grant (incentives for R&D),
Graph theory, 110
Great invention, 474
Greece
access to technological change, 277
availability of latest technologies, 277
per capita GDP, 278
scientific and technological articles, 269
scientific research institutions, 274
technology absorption, 277
Guinea, 312
Hansen over-identification test, 316
Harper, S., 156
Health product, 13
Human Genome Program, 8
Human Proteome program, 8
ICT cluster, 31
Immigration policy, 1
Incumbent country, 46
India, 3, 29, 160, 168, 275
availability of latest technologies, 277
GDP growth, 279
labor productivity, 279
levels of education, 271
meritocratic bureaucracy, 154
national innovation system, 31
per capita GDP, 279
policies, 31
public policy window, 40
R&D specialists, 267
scientific and technological articles, 269
securities market, 183
Industrial design, 160
Industrial policy, see also Innovation policy
for different types of innovation,
and innovation systems, , 169
Industry agglomeration (and invention), 444
Innovation, 437
and financial system,
clustering, 360
decision, 5
industrial dynamics, 332
knowledge intensive entrepreneurial venture, 447,
long-term economic development, 175
R&D, 66
role of, 331
role of institutions,
within a sectoral systems framework, 28,
Innovation cascade, 5
Innovation performance
and national banking system.
OECD and Brics countries,
strategic alliance, 128
Innovation policy, 1, , 12, 19, , see also Public policy
and innovation systems,
and new regional growth paths,
choice, 6
definition, 4
evaluation of,
for different types of innovation, 167
history of, 86
implementation of, 6
ROAR,
role of government, 54
Innovation system, 5, 6, , 19
and industrial policy, , 169
assessing of, 11
direction of change, 81
in developing countries,
managing of, 57
system failure,
Innovative activity, 5
Innovation-box policy, 59
Input-or-outputs-oriented agenda, 94
Institutional lock-in, 338
Institutional window, 39
Intel, 365
Intellectual property (IP) protection, 36
equities and royalties, 98
knowledge intensive entrepreneurial venture, 448
International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM), 336
International Energy Agency, 477
International leadership (windows of opportunities), 79
Internationalization (strategic alliance), 125
Invention, 437
Ireland
citations in articles, 274
foreign direct investment (FDI), 267
ICT goods imports, 273
per capita GDP, 278
Japan, 2, 3, 40
ICT goods imports, 273
infrastructure, 273
patent applications, 269
per capita GDP, 278
R&D specialists, 267
R&D tax incentives, 57
regional innovation system, 175
sectoral system, 150
technology absorption, 273
university-industry collaboration in R&D, 273
Japan – smart cities
bibliometric analysis, 399
component technologies, 414
consortium, 403
energy system, 402
entrepreneur, 408
feed-in-tariff (FIT) program, 412
financing, 408
government interest, 398
government organizations, 401
guidance of the search, 407
legislation, 412
legitimacy of technologies, 409
local associations, 403
local governments, 410
market for technologies, 408
networks, 403
objectives, 410
partnership, 401
role of knowledge and learning, 399
social system demonstration, 413
Japan Smart Community Alliance (JSCA), 402
Johansen System Cointegration approach, 218
Jordan, 202
Kazakhstan, 186
Keihanna Science City, 414
Kenya, 188
Kitakyushu, 413
Knowledge intensive entrepreneurial venture
being innovative, 454
classification of, 453
exploiting innovative opportunities,
founder/team, 453
knowledge intensity, 455
new firm, 452
patents, 455
Knowledge intensive entrepreneurial venture – Europe,
academic spinoffs, 442
business environment,
corporate spinoffs,
financing of, 446
founder/team, 442,
independent start-ups, 442
innovation, 447
knowledge characteristics, 443
knowledge life cycle, 444
linking to the innovation system, 444
networks, 444
performance, 448
strategy of the firm, 448
Knowledge intensive entrepreneurship (KIE),
advanced knowledge, 460
entrepreneurial dynamics, 460
in creative industries, 458
investments in R&D, 457
market and institutional factors, 459
market demand, 460
quality of entrepreneurship, 459
regions, 459
research, 449
research design, 450
sector specific, 459
within science-based industries, 458
Laboratoire des sciences du climat et de l’environnement, 150
Libertarianism, 157
Licence, 31
Limited joint venture, 31
Maastricht Memorandum, 87
Machine tools, 29
Manufacture-exporting countries (economic growth and currency undervaluation),
Market creating innovation policy, 5, 12, 79, 81,
challenges, 82
circulation of knowledge, 85
investments, 84
Market leadership, 160
Mauritania, 312
Medical device, , 448
Memorex, 366
Meritocratic bureaucracy, 2,
cultural explanations, 158
history of, 154
in Asia, 165
in Latin America, 157
opposition to, 156
Metcalfe, J.S., 48
Mexico
access to technological change, 277
availability of latest technologies, 277
economic liberalization, 230
foreign direct investment (FDI), 267
ICT goods imports, 273
infrastructure, 273
institutional efficiency, 277
levels of education, 271
natural resources,
patent applications, 269
per capita GDP, 278
R&D specialists, 267
R&D spending, 266
R&D tax incentives, 57
relative efficiency index (REI), , 274
scientific research institutions, 274
technology absorption,
university-industry collaboration in R&D, 273
Mexico – STI investment,
and economic growth, 217,
creation of CONACYT,
data,
demand pool,
econometric analysis, 224
governance issue,
Gross Expenditure in Experimental Development (GIDE), 221
Innovation Stimulus Program (PEI), 231
research design, , 241
Science and Technology (S&T) Bill (2002), 230
structural weakness, 231
supply push approach,
System of National Researchers (SNI), 228
systemic approach,
tax credits, 231
Mid-sized aircraft, 40
Mission oriented innovation policy, 7, 19, 54, 79, 84,
evaluation of, 81
public sector organization, 95
Mitsubishi, 402
Mode of learning, 13
Modelling of sectoral system
agent-based modelling, 44
history-friendly models,
social network analysis, 43
Monopolistic market, 5
Morocco, 202
Motorcycle, 29
Mulroney, B., 156
Multinational firm, 72
Muslim religion, 158
Nanotechnology Initiative (U.S.A.), 54
National banking system
and credit constraints,
bank branches, 185
characteristics of,
concentration ratio, 186
enterprise innovation performance,
interest rate, 187
net interest margins, 187
private bank credit as a percentage of GDP, 185
National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT), 223
budget, 226
creation of, 225
governance issue,
National financial system,
National innovation system (NIS), 9, 30, , see also Innovation system, Regional innovation system, Sectoral innovation system
and rates of growth, 282
bureaucracy, 153
creation model, 263,
definition of,
diffusion model, 265,
efficiency (OECD and Brics countries),
general model, 266,
immature system, 152
importance of, 252
incomplete system, 152
in developing countries,
inefficiency/ineffectiveness, 153
meritocratic bureaucracy,
neo-peripheral system, 153
regional innovation system, 151
relative efficiency index (REI), 266,
utilization model, 265,
weak system, 152
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 150
National Science Foundation (NSF), 85
Neo-structuralist policy, 161
Netherlands, 309
citations in articles, 274
clustering, 367
ICT goods imports, 273
infrastructure,
patent applications, 269
per capita GDP, 279
relative efficiency index (REI),
Network, 28, , see also Developmental network state
circulation of knowledge, 85
innovation instruments, 85
knowledge intensive entrepreneurial venture, 444
regional innovation system, 336
strategic alliance, 130
New Economic Geography model, 359
New York City, 422
New Zealand, 3
institutional efficiency, 277
per capita GDP, 278
R&D tax incentives, 57
relative efficiency index (REI),
university-industry collaboration in R&D, 273
Non-profit laboratory, 5
Nordic countries
patent applications, 269
R&D specialists, 267
R&D spending, 266
relative efficiency index (REI),
technology absorption, 273
Northern Ireland(R&D tax incentives), 61
OECD – National innovation system (NIS)
creation model, 263,
efficiency in term of growth performance,
key questions, 251
OECD STAN, 30
Old industrial region
actor-related barriers, 346
network-related barriers, 347
new path development policies, 347
path breaking policies, 347
policy strategies, 347
Olds Motor Works, , 366
Oligopolistic market, 5
Ordered Probit model (NIS and economic growth),
Ordinary competition, 331
Organization for Cross-regional Coordination of Transmission Operators (OCCTO), 412
Orphan Drug Act, 54
Outsourcing, 94
Pakistan, 158
Papua New Guinea, 312
Patent, 36, 45, 160, 250
agglomeration of invention,
and innovations,
applications (OECD and Brics countries), 269
in major urban areas, 422
intangible stock of knowledge, 421
Path development, 339
Path extension, 339
Perfect competition, 5
Peripheral region
new path development policies, 345
path breaking policies, 345
policy strategies, 345
Peru, 312
Philippines, 156
Phillips and Perron (PP) test, 234
Place-based system failure, 330
Poland
levels of education, 271
per capita GDP, 278
relative efficiency index (REI),
scientific research institutions, 274
technology absorption,
Polanyi, K., 82
Political lock-in, 333
Pollution, 83
Porter, M., 164
Portillo, L., 226
Private firm, see also Entrepreneur
business unit, 361
credit constrained establishment, 188
firm size and innovation performance, 203
innovative capabilities, 368
investments, 80
Product life cycle, 4
Profit, 5
Protestant ethic, 158
Public choice theory, 80
Public policy, see also Government, Innovation policy
evaluation of, 81
in a sectoral system, , 45
window of opportunities, 40
Public research institute, 35
Public sector organization
high-risk investment, 81
learning, 95
symbiotic partnership with the private sector, 95
transforming of, 94
Publication, 35
Pulp and paper, 29
R&D
asymmetry of information, 54
demand for, 60
externalities, 53
grants, 55
in developing countries, 152
indivisibility of projects, 54
subsidies, 55
support (effectiveness), , 96
R&D researcher (wages of), , 64
R&D subsidies, , 457
combined with R&D tax incentives,
cost-benefit analysis, 68
crowding-out, 68
efficiency, 68
R&D tax incentives, 3, 9, 12, 33, , , 457
additional R&D, ,
and various tax reductions, 59
applying for, 60
bang for the buck (BFTB),
combined with R&D subsidies,
cost-benefit analysis,
in Mexico, 231
level-based tax incentives, , 63
oriented, 59
patent-box policy, 59
price effects, 64
refundable, 59
role of government,
Reagan, R., 156
Regional innovation system (RIS), 9, 149
academic leadership, 335
actors, 335
business incubator, 12
definition of, 151
innovation policies,
institutional variety and connectedness, 334
institutions, 337
knowledge dynamics, 333
localized learning processes, 332
path-dependent processes, 332
path development,
quality competition, 331
role of innovation, 331
static perspective, 331
system failure concept, 330
university spinoff, 335
weak connectedness or fragmentation, 337
Religion (impact on innovation), 2
Research grant, 68
Research university (impact on innovation), 2
Resource-based development model (dilemma),
Results-and-outcome-oriented agenda, 94
Revenue, 5
Salinas de Gortari, C., 229
Salmon farming, 29
San Francisco, 362, 364
agglomeration of invention,
coagglomeration of invention, 426
types of patents, 422
Saudi Arabia, 158
Scopus, 109
Seagate, 366
Secrecy, 36
Sectoral innovation system, , 27, 28, 149
and national system,
characteristics,
definition of, 151
diffused sectoral system, 36
distributed information sectoral system, 37
distributed science and technology knowledge, 38
evolution of,
fiscal incentives to R&D, 33
history-friendly models,
innovation, 28
modelling of,
role of public policy,
smart cities, 397
studies of specific industries, 29
systemic nature of international linkages, 43
taxonomy,
technological change,
vertical links among industries,
vertical with complementary asset sectoral system, 37
vertical with production asset sectoral system, 36
windows of opportunities,
Services, 29
Sharp, 403
Shugart Associates, 366
Slovakia
foreign direct investment (FDI), 267
ICT goods imports, 273
institutional efficiency, 277
relative efficiency index (REI),
scientific research institutions, 274
Smart city, see also Japan – smart cities
characteristics of, 394
electricity network, 395
implementing, 394
smart grids, 395
Smart meter, 414
Smith, R., 167
Social network analysis, 110
Soete, L., 39
Solyndra, 97
Solow’s model, 3
South Africa, 168, 249
availability of latest technologies, 277
infrastructure, 273
R&D specialists, 267
relative efficiency index (REI),
scientific and technological articles, 269
Space sector, 54
Spain, 154
access to technological change, 277
per capita GDP, 279
policies, 164
R&D subsidies, 69
relative efficiency index (REI),
scientific and technological articles, 269
Spinoff, 335, 340, , see also Cluster, Knowledge intensive entrepreneurial venture
definition of, 360
distinctive performer, 364
impact of, 361
industry leaders, 364
performance, 378
profit, 380
State investment bank, 88
Steel, 41
Strategic alliance,
authors,
co-development contract, 107
definition of, 106
equity agreement, 106
governance mechanisms, 132
government support, 136
innovation performance, 128
institutions, 115
international context, 125
knowledge governance, 129
network, 130
non-equity agreement, 106
publications, 111,
trust and cooperation, 126
Sudan, 158
Supplier, 35
Sweden
ICT goods imports, 273
patent applications, 367
per capita GDP, 279
R&D tax incentives, 57
regional development, 350
relative efficiency index (REI),
technology absorption, 273
Switzerland
citations in articles, 274
GDP growth, 279
infrastructure, 271
patent applications, 269
per capita GDP, 279
R&D spending, 266
scientific and technological articles, 269
scientific research institutions, 274
technology absorption, 273
System GMM, 316
System of innovation, see Innovation system, National innovation system (NIS), Regional innovation system, Sectoral innovation system
Tacit knowledge, 332
Tajikistan, 186
Tax competition, 65
Taxation system, 84
Taxonomy (sectoral innovation system),
Technical choice, 5
Technological breakthrough, 5
Technological change
R&D, 54
Technological discontinuity, 46
Technological paradigm,
Technological trajectory,
Technological window, 39
TEPCO, 402
Tesla Motors, 97
Test for second order serial correlation (AR2), 316
Thatcher, M., 156
Thomson-Reuters, 109
Tokyo Institute of Technology, 402
Toshima, 402
Toyota, 413
Traffic congestion, 83
Transformational system failure, 330
Transnational company, 344
Transparency, 171
Ukraine, 186
United Kingdom, 3, 156, 359
automobile industry, 387
citations in articles, 274
financing R&D, 182
infrastructure, 273
investment in STI, 221
per capita GDP, 279
R&D spending, 266
R&D tax incentives, 57
relative efficiency index (REI), 270,
scientific research institutions, 274
technology absorption, 273
United States, 3, 10, 11, 54, 88, 93, 97, 156, 160, 359, 465, 477
banking system, 185
citations in articles, 274
clustering, 362
financing R&D, 181
government support, 164
ICT goods imports, 273
infrastructure, 271
local market size, 278
patent applications, 267
per capita GDP, 279
R&D tax incentives, 64
regional innovation system, 149
relative efficiency index (REI), , 274
scientific research institutions, 274
sectoral system, 149
technology absorption, 273
university-industry collaboration in R&D, 273
Uruguay, 29
US Department of Energy, 97
Window of opportunities,
application of the framework, 40
concept of, 39
responses by firms, 40
sectoral system, 39
Wine, 40
World Bank, 305
World Bank’s Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Surveys (BEEPS), 182
World Bank’s Global Financial Development database, 183
World Bank-World Development Indicators database, 314
World Data Bank on Science and Technology, 263
World Economic Forum, 159
Zakat, 158
