Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Vascular Cognitive Impairment

doi:10.1017/9781108985055.017

Chapter 17 - Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Vascular Cognitive Impairment

from Section 2 - The Dementias

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 November 2025

Duk L. Na and

Edited by

Bruce L. Miller and

Bradley F. Boeve

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Bruce L. Miller: Affiliation:
University of California, San Francisco
Bradley F. Boeve: Affiliation:
Mayo Clinic, Minnesota

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Summary

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a cognitive syndrome caused by cerebrovascular disease, and it includes vascular dementia (VaD) and vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI). VaD is characterized by cognitive impairment and imaging evidence of cerebrovascular disease. VaMCI is considered the "vascular" equivalent of mild cognitive impairment. The clinical patterns of VaD differ depending on the vessels involved and the location of vascular lesions. Large vessel disease can cause single or multiple territorial infarctions in cortical or subcortical locations, while small vessel disease usually involves subcortical structures such as the basal ganglia and thalamus. The diagnostic criteria for VaD include the presence of cognitive impairment, imaging evidence of cerebrovascular disease, and a temporal relationship between a vascular event and onset of cognitive deficits. The diagnostic criteria for VaMCI are similar but without the requirement of a temporal relationship. Patients with VaD often have focal neurological deficits, while those with VaMCI may have executive dysfunction and memory deficits. The neuropsychological profile of VaD includes deficits in executive function, attention, and speed, while memory and visuospatial function may be relatively preserved. Patients with VaD may also experience behavioral and affective changes .

Keywords

vascular cognitive impairment vascular dementia subcortical vascular dementia vascular mild cognitive impairment lacunar infarction white matter hyperintensities frontal executive dysfunction amyloid deposition tau-PET imaging cerebral small vessel disease

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Type: Chapter
Information: The Behavioral Neurology of Dementia , pp. 269 - 299

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108985055.017 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2025

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