Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vvkck Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T06:24:37.616Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

14 - Liver Transplantation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 August 2009

Zobair M. Younossi
Affiliation:
Inova Fairfax Hospital, Annandale, VA
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Murray, KF, CarithersRL, Jr. RL, Jr.AASLD practice guidelines: Evaluation of the patient for liver transplantation. Hepatology 2005;41:1407–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belle, SH, Porayko, MK, Hoofnagle, JH, Lake, JR, Zetterman, RK. Changes in quality of life after liver transplantation among adults. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Liver Transplantation Database (LTD). Liver Transpl Surg 1997;3:93–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Best, JH, Veenstra, DL, Geppert, J. Trends in expenditures for Medicare liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl 2001;7:858–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malinchoc, M, Kamath, PS, Gordon, FD, Peine, CJ, Rank, J, Borg, PC. A model to predict poor survival in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Hepatology 2000;31:864–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kamath, PS, Wiesner, RH, Malinchoc, M, Kremers, W, Therneau, TM, Kosberg, CL, D'Amico, G, Dickson, ER, Kim, WR. A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology 2001;33:464–470.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiesner, R, Edwards, E, Freeman, R, Harper, A, Kim, R, Kamath, P, Kremers, W, Lake, J, Howard, T, Merion, RM, Wolfe, RA, Krom, R. Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and allocation of donor livers. Gastroenterology 2003;124:91–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freeman, RB, Wiesner, RH, Edwards, E, Harper, A, Merion, R, Wolfe, R. Results of the first year of the new liver allocation plan. Liver Transpl 2004;10:7–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pugh, RNH, Murray-Lyon, IM, Dawson, JL, Pietroni, MC, Williams, R. Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Brit J Surg 1973;60:646–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trey, C, Burns, DG, Saunders, SJ. Treatment of hepatic coma by exchange blood transfusion. N Engl J Med 1966;274:473–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oellerich, M, Burdelski, M, Lautz, H-U, Binder, L, Pichlmayr, R. Predictors of one-year pretransplant survival in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 1991;14: 1029–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shetty, K, Rybicki, L, Carey, WD. The Child-Pugh classification as a prognostic indicator for survival in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology 1997;25:1049–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Propst, A, Propst, T, Sangeri, G, Ofner, D, Judmaier, G, Vogel, W. Prognosis and life expectancy in chronic liver disease. Dig Dis Sci 1995;40:1805–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lucey, MR, Brown, KA, Everson, GT, Fung, JJ, Gish, R, Keeffe, EB, Kneteman, NM, Lake, JR, Martin, P, McDiarmid, SV, Rakela, J, Shiffman, ML, So, SK, Wiesner, RH. Minimal criteria for placement of adults on the liver transplant waiting list: a report of a national conference organized by the American Society of Transplant Physicians and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Liver Transpl Surg 1997;3: 628–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fattovich, G, Giustina, G, Degos, F, Tremolada, F, Diodati, G, Almasio, P, Nevens, F, Solinas, A, Mura, D, Brouwer, JT, Thomas, H, Njapoum, C, Casarin, C, Bonetti, P, Fuschi, P, Basho, J, Tocco, A, Bhalla, A, Galassini, R, Noventa, F, Schalm, SW, Realdi, G. Morbidity and mortality in compensated cirrhosis type C: a retrospective follow-up study of 384 patients. Gastroenterology 1997;112:463–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gines, P, Quintero, E, Arroyo, V, Teres, J, Bruguera, M, Rimola, A, Caballeria, J, Rodes, J, Rozman, C. Compensated cirrhosis: natural history and prognosis factors. Hepatology 1987;7:122–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Llovet, JM, Fuster, J, Bruix, J. Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology 2002;49:7–11.Google ScholarPubMed
Andreu, M, Sola, R, Sitges, SA, Alia, C, Gallen, M, Vila, MC, Coll, S, Oliver, MI. Risk factors for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Gastroenterology 1993;104:1133–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gines, A, Escorsell, A, Gines, P, Sal'o, J, Jim'enez, W, Inglada, L, Navasa, M, Claria, J, Rimola, A, Arroyo, V, et a. Incidence, predictive factors, and prognosis of the hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis with ascites. Gastroenterology 1993;105:229–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merion, RM, Schaubel, , Dykstra, DM, Freeman, RB, Port, FK, Wolfe, RA. The survival benefit of liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2005;5:307–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lucey, MR, Brown, KA, Everson, GT, Fung, JJ, Gish, R, Keeffe, EB, Kneteman, NM, Lake, JR, Martin, P, Rakela, J, Shiffman, ML, So, S, Wiesner, RH. Minimal criteria for placement of adults on the liver transplant waiting list: a report of a national conference organized by the American Society of Transplant Physicians and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Transplantation 1998;66:956–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, WM. Acute liver failure in the United States. Semin Liver Dis 2003;23:217– 26.Google ScholarPubMed
Bailey, B, Amre, DK, Gaudreault, P. Fulminant hepatic failure secondary to acetaminophen poisoning: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic criteria determining the need for liver transplantation. Crit Care Med 2003;31:299– 305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larson, AM, Polson, J, Fontana, RJ, Davern, TJ, Lalani, E, Hynan, LS, Reisch, JS, Schiodt, FV, Ostapowicz, G, Shakil, AO, Lee, WM. Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: results of a United States multicenter, prospective study. Hepatology 2005;42:1364–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roberts, EA, Schilsky, ML. A practice guideline on Wilson disease. Hepatology 2003;37:1475–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCormick, PA, Treanor, D, McCormack, G, Farrell, M. Early death from paracetamol (acetaminophen) induced fulminant hepatic failure without cerebral oedema. J Hepatol 2003;39:547–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plotkin, JS, Scott, VL, Pinna, A, Dobsch, BP, Wolf, AM, Kang, Y. Morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl Surg 1996;2:426–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramsay, MA, Simpson, BR, Nguyen, AT, Ramsay, KJ, East, C, Klintmalm, GB. Severe pulmonary hypertension in liver transplant candidates. Liver Transpl Surg 1997;3:494–500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krowka, MJ, Plevak, DJ, Findlay, JY, Rosen, CB, Wiesner, RH, Krom, RA. Pulmonary hemodynamics and perioperative cardiopulmonary-related mortality in patients with portopulmonary hypertension undergoing liver transplantation [In Process Citation]. Liver Transpl 2000;6:443–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Starkel, P, Vera, A, Gunson, B, Mutimer, D. Outcome of liver transplantation for patients with pulmonary hypertension. Liver Transpl 2002;8:382–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collisson, EA, Nourmand, H, Fraiman, MH, Cooper, CB, Bellamy, PE, Farmer, DG, Vierling, JM, Ghobrial, RM, Busuttil, RW. Retrospective analysis of the results of liver transplantation for adults with severe hepatopulmonary syndrome. Liver Transpl 2002;8: 925–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arguedas, MR, Abrams, GA, Krowka, MJ, Fallon, MB. Prospective evaluation of outcomes and predictors of mortality in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome undergoing liver transplantation. Hepatology 2003;37:192–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schenk, P, Schoniger-Hekele, M, Fuhrmann, V, Madl, C, Silberhumer, G, Muller, C. Prognostic significance of the hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2003;125:1042–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nair, S, Verma, S, Thuluvath, PJ. Obesity and its effect on survival in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation in the United States. Hepatology 2002;35: 105–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nair, S, Verma, S, Thuluvath, PJ. Pretransplant renal function predicts survival in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Hepatology 2002;35:1179–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, CL, Gonwa, TA, Wilkinson, AH. Pathophysiology of renal disease associated with liver disorders: implications for liver transplantation. Part I. Liver Transpl 2002;8:91–109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grewal, HP, Brady, L, Cronin, DC, Loss, GE, Siegel, CT, Oswald, K, Fisher, JS, Bruce, DS, Aronson, AJ, Woodle, ES, Millis, JM, Thistlethwaite, JR, Newell, KA. Combined liver and kidney transplantation in children. Transplantation 2000;70:100–5.Google ScholarPubMed
Rogers, J, Bueno, J, Shapiro, R, Scantlebury, V, Mazariegos, G, Fung, J, Reyes, J. Results of simultaneous and sequential pediatric liver and kidney transplantation. Transplantation 2001;72:1666–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, CL, Gonwa, TA, Wilkinson, AH. Identification of patients best suited for combined liver-kidney transplantation: part II. Liver Transpl 2002;8:193–211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sobhonslidsuk, A, Reddy, KR. Portal vein thrombosis: a concise review. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:535–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitchell, A, John, PR, Mayer, DA, Mirza, DF, Buckels, JA, Ville, dG. Improved technique of portal vein reconstruction in pediatric liver transplant recipients with portal vein hypoplasia. Transplantation 2002;73:1244–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mazzaferro, V, Regalia, E, Doci, R, Andreola, S, Pulvirenti, A, Bozzetti, F, Montalto, F, Ammatuna, m, Morabito, A, Gennari, L. Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1996;334:693–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pawlik, TM, Delman, KA, Vauthey, JN, Nagorney, DM, Ng, IO, Ikai, I, Yamaoka, Y, Belghiti, J, Lauwers, GY, Poon, RT, Abdalla, EK. Tumor size predicts vascular invasion and histologic grade: Implications for selection of surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl 2005;11:1086–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bismuth, H, Majno, PE, Adam, R. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 1999;19:311–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
El Serag, HB, Davila, JA. Is fibrolamellar carcinoma different from hepatocellular carcinoma? A US population-based study. Hepatology 2004;39:798–803.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Makhlouf, HR, Ishak, KG, Goodman, ZD. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver: a clinicopathologic study of 137 cases. Cancer 1999;85:562–82.3.0.CO;2-T>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sharma, P, Balan, V, Hernandez, JL, Harper, AM, Edwards, EB, Rodriguez-Luna, H, Byrne, T, Vargas, HE, Mulligan, D, Rakela, J, Wiesner, RH. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: The MELD impact. Liver Transpl 2004;10:36–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldstein, RM, Stone, M, Tillery, GW, Senzer, N, Levy, M, Husberg, BS, Gonwa, T, Klintmalm, G. Is liver transplantation indicated for cholangiocarcinoma?Am J Surg 1993;166:768–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heimbach, JK, Gores, GJ, Nagorney, DM, Rosen, CB. Liver transplantation for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma after aggressive neoadjuvant therapy: a new paradigm for liver and biliary malignancies?Surgery 2006;140:331–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roland, ME, Stock, PG. Liver transplantation in HIV-infected recipients. Semin Liver Dis 2006;26:273–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stock, PG, Roland, ME, Carlson, L, Freise, CE, Roberts, JP, Hirose, R, Terrault, NA, Frassetto, , Palefsky, JM, Tomlanovich, SJ, Ascher, NL. Kidney and liver transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: a pilot safety and efficacy study. Transplantation 2003;76:370–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kowdley, KV, Brandhagen, DJ, Gish, RG, Bass, NM, Weinstein, J, Schilsky, ML, Fontana, RJ, McCashland, T, Cotler, SJ, Bacon, BR, Keeffe, EB, Gordon, F, Polissar, N. Survival after liver transplantation in patients with hepatic iron overload: the national hemochromatosis transplant registry. Gastroenterology 2005;129:494–503.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keeffe, EB. Liver transplantation: current status and novel approaches to liver replacement. Gastroenterology 2001;120:749–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Renz, JF, Emond, JC, Yersiz, H, Ascher, NL, Busuttil, RW. Split-liver transplantation in the United States: outcomes of a national survey. Ann Surg 2004;239:172–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malago, M, Hertl, M, Testa, G, Rogiers, X, Broelsch, CE. Split-liver transplantation: future use of scarce donor organs. World J Surg 2002;26:275–82.Google ScholarPubMed
Trotter, JF, Wachs, M, Everson, GT, Kam, I. Adult-to-adult transplantation of the right hepatic lobe from a living donor. N Engl J Med 2002;346:1074–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Surman, OS. The ethics of partial-liver donation. N Engl J Med 2002;346:1038.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trotter, JF, Adam, R, Lo, CM, Kenison, J. Documented deaths of hepatic lobe donors for living donor liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2006;12:1485–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Settmacher, U, Theruvath, T, Pascher, A, Neuhaus, P. Living-donor liver transplant- ation – European experiences. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004;19 Suppl 4:iv 16–21.Google Scholar
Eghtesad, B, Kadry, Z, Fung, J. Technical considerations in liver transplantation: what a hepatologist needs to know (and every surgeon should practice). Liver Transpl 2005;11:861–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chari, RS, Gan, TJ, Robertson, KM, Bass, K, CamargoCA, Jr. CA, Jr., Greig, PD, Clavien, PA. Venovenous bypass in adult orthotopic liver transplantation: routine or selective use?J Am Coll Surg 1998;186:683–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scatton, O, Meunier, B, Cherqui, D, Boillot, O, Sauvanet, A, Boudjema, K, Launois, B, Fagniez, PL, Belghiti, J, Wolff, P, Houssin, D, Soubrane, O. Randomized trial of choledochocholedochostomy with or without a T tube in orthotopic liver transplantation. Ann Surg 2001;233:432–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belghiti, J, Ettorre, GM, Durand, F, Sommacale, D, Sauvanet, A, Jerius, JT, Farges, O. Feasibility and limits of caval-flow preservation during liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2001;7:983–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feng, S, Goodrich, NP, Bragg-Gresham, JL, Dykstra, DM, Punch, JD, DebRoy, MA, Greenstein, SM, Merion, RM. Characteristics associated with liver graft failure: the concept of a donor risk index. Am J Transplant 2006;6:783–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moser, MA, Wall, WJ. Management of biliary problems after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2001;7:S46–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pastacaldi, S, Teixeira, R, Montalto, P, Rolles, K, Burroughs, AK. Hepatic artery thrombosis after orthotopic liver transplantation: a review of nonsurgical causes. Liver Transpl 2001;7:75–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heestand, G, Sher, L, Lightfoote, J, Palmer, S, Mateo, R, Singh, G, Moser, J, Selby, R, Genyk, Y, Jabbour, N. Characteristics and management of splenic artery aneurysm in liver transplant candidates and recipients. Am Surg 2003;69:933–40.Google ScholarPubMed
Lupattelli, T, Garaci, FG, Sandhu, C, Tisone, G, Simonetti, G. Endovascular treatment of giant splenic aneurysm that developed after liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2003;16:756–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kalil, AC, Levitsky, J, Lyden, E, Stoner, J, Freifeld, AG. Meta-analysis: the efficacy of strategies to prevent organ disease by cytomegalovirus in solid organ transplant recipients. Ann Intern Med 2005;143:870–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rabkin, JM, Oroloff, SL, Corless, CL, Benner, KG, Flora, KD, Rosen, HR, Olyaei, AJ. Association of fungal infection and increased mortality in liver transplant recipients. Am J Surg 2000;179:426–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, N, Gayowski, T, Rihs, JD, Wagener, MM, Marino, IR. Evolving trends in multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacteria in liver transplant recipients: a longitudinal study of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Liver Transpl 2001;7:22–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levy, GA. Long-term immunosuppression and drug interactions. Liver Transpl 2001;7:S53–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fairbanks, KD, Eustace, JA, Fine, D, Thuluvath, PJ. Renal function improves in liver transplant recipients when switched from a calcineurin inhibitor to sirolimus. Liver Transpl 2003;9:1079–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, AJ, Stegall, MD, Rosen, CB, Wiesner, RH, Leung, N, Kremers, WK, Zein, NN. Chronic renal dysfunction late after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2002;8:916–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beresford, TP.Neuropsychiatric complications of liver and other solid organ transplantation. Liver Transpl 2001;7:S36–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Textor, SC, Taler, SJ, Canzanello, VJ, Schwartz, L, Augustine, JE. Posttransplantation hypertension related to calcineurin inhibitors. Liver Transpl 2000;6:521–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Charco, R, Cantarell, C, Vargas, V, Capdevila, L, Lazaro, JL, Hidalgo, E, Murio, E, Margarit, C. Serum cholesterol changes in long-term survivors of liver transplantation: a comparison between cyclosporine and tacrolimus therapy. Liver Transpl Surg 1999;5:204–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neal, DA, Gimson, AE, Gibbs, P, Alexander, GJ. Beneficial effects of converting liver transplant recipients from cyclosporine to tacrolimus on blood pressure, serum lipids, and weight. Liver Transpl 2001;7:533–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trotter, JF, Wachs, ME, Trouillot, TE, Bak, T, Kugelmas, M, Kam, I, Everson, G. Dyslipidemia during sirolimus therapy in liver transplant recipients occurs with concomitant cyclosporine but not tacrolimus. Liver Transpl 2001;7:401–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demetris, AJ, Batts, KP, Dhillon, AP, Ferrell, L, Fung, J, Geller, SA, Hart, J, Hayry, P, Hofmann, WJ, Hubscher, S, Kemnitz, J, Koukoulis, G, Lee, RG, Lewin, KJ, Ludwig, J, Markin, RS, Petrovic, LM, Phillips, MJ, Portmann, B, Rakela, J, Randhawa, P, Reinhold, FP, Reynes, M, Robert, M, Schlitt, H, Solez, K, Snover, D, Taskinen, E, Thung, SN, Tillery, GW, Wiesner, RH, Wight, DGD, Williams, JW, Yamabe, H. Banff schema for grading liver allograft rejection: an international consensus document. Hepatology 1997;25:658–63.Google Scholar
Demetris, AJ, Eghtesad, B, Marcos, A, Ruppert, K, Nalesnik, MA, Randhawa, P, Wu, T, Krasinskas, A, Fontes, P, Cacciarelli, T, Shakil, AO, Murase, N, Fung, JJ, Starzl, TE. Recurrent hepatitis C in liver allografts: prospective assessment of diagnostic accuracy, identification of pitfalls, and observations about pathogenesis. Am J Surg Pathol 2004;28:658–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosen, HR, Shackleton, CR, Higa, L, Gralnek, IM, Farmer, DA, McDiarmid, SV, Holt, C, Lewin, KJ, Busuttil, RW, Martin, P. Use of OKT3 is associated with early and severe recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Am J Gastroenterol 1997;92:1453–57.Google ScholarPubMed
Neumann, UP, Berg, T, Bahra, M, Puhl, G, Guckelberger, O, Langrehr, JM, Neuhaus, P. Long-term outcome of liver transplants for chronic hepatitis C: a 10-year follow-up. Transplantation 2004;77:226–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BurtonJR, Jr. JR, Jr., Rosen, HR. Acute rejection in HCV-infected liver transplant recipients: The great conundrum. Liver Transpl 2006;12:S38–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheiner, PA, Magliocca, JF, Bodian, CA, Kim-Schluger, L, Altaca, G, Guarrera, JV, Emre, S, Fishbein, TM, Guy SR, , Schwartz, ME, Miller, CM. Long-term medical complications in patients surviving > or = 5 years after liver transplant. Transplantation 2000;69:781–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fung, JJ, Jain, A, Kwak, EJ, Kusne, S, Dvorchik, I, Eghtesad, B. De novo malignancies after liver transplantation: a major cause of late death. Liver Transpl 2001;7:S109–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Everhart, JE, Lombardero, M, Lake, JR, Wiesner, RH, Zetterman, RK, Hoofnagle, JH. Weight change and obesity after liver transplantation: incidence and risk factors. Liver Transpl Surg 1998;4:285–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reuben, A.Long-term management of the liver transplant patient: diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Liver Transpl 2001;7:S13–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baid, S, Cosimi, AB, Farrell, ML, Schoenfeld, DA, Feng, S, Chung, RT, Tolkoff-Rubin, N, Pascual, M. Posttransplant diabetes mellitus in liver transplant recipients: risk factors, temporal relationship with hepatitis C virus allograft hepatitis, and impact on mortality. Transplantation 2001;72:1066–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khalili, M, Lim, JW, Bass, N, Ascher, NL, Roberts, JP, Terrault, NA. New onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation: the critical role of hepatitis C infection. Liver Transpl 2004;10:349–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stegall, MD, Everson, GT, Schroter, G, Karrer, F, Bilir, B, Sternberg, T, Shrestha, R, Wachs, M, Kam, I. Prednisone withdrawal late after adult liver transplantation reduces diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia without causing graft loss. Hepatology 1997;25:173–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levy, G, Villamil, F, Samuel, D, Sanjuan, F, Grazi, GL, Wu, Y, Marotta, P, Boillot, O, Muehlbacher, F, Klintmalm, G. Results of lis2t, a multicenter, randomized study comparing cyclosporine microemulsion with C2 monitoring and tacrolimus with C0 monitoring in de novo liver transplantation. Transplantation 2004;77:1632–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
John, PR, Thuluvath, PJ. Outcome of patients with new-onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation compared with those without diabetes mellitus. Liver Transpl 2002;8:708–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernandez-Miranda, C, de la CA, , Morales, JM, Guijarro, C, Aranda, JL, Gomez-Sanz, R, Gomez-Izquierdo, T, Larumbe, S, Moreno, E, Rodicio, JL, del, PA. Lipoprotein abnormalities in long-term stable liver and renal transplanted patients. A comparative study. Clin Transplant 1998;12:136–41.Google ScholarPubMed
Dresser, GK, Spence, JD, Bailey, DG. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic consequences and clinical relevance of cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000;38:41–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Imagawa, DK, DawsonS, III S, III, Holt, CD, Kirk, PS, Kaldas, FM, Shackleton, CR, Seu, P, Rudich, SM, Kinkhabwala, MM, Martin, P, Goldstein, LI, Murray, NG, Terasaki, PI, Busuttil, RW. Hyperlipidemia after liver transplantation: natural history and treatment with the hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor pravastatin. Transplantation 1996;62:934–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zachoval, R, Gerbes, AL, Schwandt, P, Parhofer, KG. Short-term effects of statin therapy in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia after liver transplantation: results of a randomized cross-over trial. J Hepatol 2001;35:86–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duvoux, C, Cherqui, D, DiM, V M, V, Metreau, JM, Salvat, A, Lauzet, JY, Fagniez, PL, Dhumeaux, D. Nicardipine as antihypertensive therapy in liver transplant recipients: results of long-term use. Hepatology 1997;25:430–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gomez, R, Moreno, E, Colina, F, Loinaz, C, Gonzalez-Pinto, I, Lumbreras, C, Perez-Cerda, F, Castellon, C, Garcia, I. Steroid withdrawal is safe and beneficial in stable cyclosporine-treated liver transplant patients. J Hepatol 1998;28:150–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuypers, DR, Neumayer, HH, Fritsche, L, Budde, K, Rodicio, JL, Vanrenterghem, Y. Calcium channel blockade and preservation of renal graft function in cyclosporine-treated recipients: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled 2-year study. Transplantation 2004;78:1204–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schlitt, HJ, Barkmann, A, Boker, KH, Schmidt, HH, Emmanouilidis, N, Rosenau, J, Bahr, MJ, Tusch, G, Manns, MP, Nashan, B, Klempnauer, J. Replacement of calcineurin inhibitors with mycophenolate mofetil in liver-transplant patients with renal dysfunction: a randomised controlled study. Lancet 2001;357:587–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shibolet, O, Elinav, E, Ilan, Y, Safadi, R, Ashur, Y, Eid, A, Zamir, G, Fridlander, M, Bdolah-Abram, T, Shouval, D, Admon, D. Reduced incidence of hyperuricemia, gout, and renal failure following liver transplantation in comparison to heart transplantation: a long-term follow-up study 106. Transplantation 2004;77:1576–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neal, DA, Tom, BD, Gimson, AE, Gibbs, P, Alexander, GJ. Hyperuricemia, gout, and renal function after liver transplantation. Transplantation 2001;72:1689–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carey, EJ, Balan, V, Kremers, WK, Hay, JE. Osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients with end-stage liver disease caused by hepatitis C and alcoholic liver disease: not just a cholestatic problem. Liver Transpl 2003;9:1166–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trautwein, C, Possienke, M, Schlitt, HJ, Boker, KH, Horn, R, Raab, R, Manns, MP, Brabant, G. Bone density and metabolism in patients with viral hepatitis and cholestatic liver diseases before and after liver transplantation. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:2343–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leslie, WD, Bernstein, CN, LeBoff, MS. AGA technical review on osteoporosis in hepatic disorders. Gastroenterology 2003;125:941–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Josephson, MA, Schumm, LP, Chiu, MY, Marshall, C, Thistlethwaite, JR, Sprague, SM. Calcium and calcitriol prophylaxis attenuates posttransplant bone loss. Transplantation 2004;78:1233–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saigal, S, Norris, S, Muiesan, P, Rela, M, Heaton, N, O'Grady, J. Evidence of differential risk for posttransplantation malignancy based on pretransplantation cause in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2002;8:482–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanchez, EQ, Marubashi, S, Jung, G, Levy, MF, Goldstein, RM, Molmenti, EP, Fasola, CG, Gonwa, TA, Jennings, LW, Brooks, BK, Klintmalm, GB. De novo tumors after liver transplantation: a single-institution experience. Liver Transpl 2002;8:285–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martinez, JC, Otley, CC, Stasko, T, Euvrard, S, Brown, C, Schanbacher, CF, Weaver, AL. Defining the clinical course of metastatic skin cancer in organ transplant recipients: a multicenter collaborative study. Arch Dermatol 2003;139:301–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haagsma, EB, Hagens, VE, Schaapveld, M, Berg, AP, Vries, EG, Klompmaker, IJ, Slooff, MJ, Jansen, PL. Increased cancer risk after liver transplantation: a population-based study. J Hepatol 2001;34:84–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stasko, T, Brown, MD, Carucci, JA, Euvrard, S, Johnson, TM, Sengelmann, RD, Stockfleth, E, Tope, WD. Guidelines for the management of squamous cell carcinoma in organ transplant recipients. Dermatol Surg 2004;30:642–50.Google ScholarPubMed
Paya, CV, Fung, JJ, Nalesnik, MA, Kieff, E, Green, M, Gores, G, Habermann, TM, Wiesner, RH, Swinnen, JL, Woodle, ES, Bromberg, JS. Epstein-Barr virus-induced posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders. ASTS/ASTP EBV-PTLD Task Force and The Mayo Clinic Organized International Consensus Development Meeting. Transplantation 1999;68:1517–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manez, R, Breinig, MC, Linden, P, Wilson, J, Torre-Cisneros, J, Kusne, S, Dummer, S, Ho, M. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in primary Epstein-Barr virus infection after liver transplantation: the role of cytomegalovirus disease. J Infect Dis 1997;176:1462–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Preiksaitis, JK.New developments in the diagnosis and management of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders in solid organ transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:1016–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herrero, JI, Lucena, JF, Quiroga, J, Sangro, B, Pardo, F, Rotellar, F, Alvarez-Cienfuegos, J, Prieto, J. Liver transplant recipients older than 60 years have lower survival and higher incidence of malignancy. Am J Transplant 2003;3:1407–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fabia, R, Levy, MF, Testa, G, Obiekwe, S, Goldstein, RM, Husberg, BS, Gonwa, TA, Klintmalm, GB. Colon carcinoma in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Am J Surg 1998;176:265–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forman, LM, Lewis, JD, Berlin, JA, Feldman, HI, Lucey, MR. The association between hepatitis C infection and survival after orthotopic liver transplantation. Gastroenterology 2002;122:889–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lake, JR, Shorr, JS, Steffen, BJ, Chu, AH, Gordon, RD, Wiesner, RH. Differential effects of donor age in liver transplant recipients infected with hepatitis B, hepatitis C and without viral hepatitis. Am J Transplant 2005;5:549–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, GL.The challenge of progressive hepatitis C following liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2006;12:19–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marzano, A, Gaia, S, Ghisetti, V, Carenzi, S, Premoli, A, bernardi-Venon, W, Alessandria, C, Franchello, A, Salizzoni, M, Rizzetto, M. Viral load at the time of liver transplantation and risk of hepatitis B virus recurrence. Liver Transpl 2005;11:402–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roche, B, Feray, C, Gigou, M, Roque-Afonso, AM, Arulnaden, JL, Delvart, V, Dussaix, E, Guettier, C, Bismuth, H, Samuel, D. HBV DNA persistence 10 years after liver transplantation despite successful anti-HBS passive immunoprophylaxis. Hepatology 2003;38:86–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Terrault, N, Roche, B, Samuel, D. Management of the hepatitis B virus in the liver transplantation setting: a European and an American perspective. Liver Transpl 2005;11:716–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Contos, MJ, Cales, W, Sterling, RK, Luketic, VA, Shiffman, ML, Mills, AS, Fisher, RA, Ham, J, Sanyal, AJ. Development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after orthotopic liver transplantation for cryptogenic cirrhosis. Liver Transpl 2001;7:363–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanjeevi, A, Lyden, E, Sunderman, B, Weseman, R, Ashwathnarayan, R, Mukherjee, S. Outcomes of liver transplantation for cryptogenic cirrhosis: a single-center study of 71 patients. Transplant Proc 2003;35:2977–980.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zavaglia, C, De, CL, Alberti, AB, Minola, E, Belli, LS, Slim, AO, Airoldi, A, Giacomoni, A, Rondinara, G, Tinelli, C, Forti, D, Pinzello, G. Predictors of long-term survival after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:2708–716.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×