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9 - The evolution of REM sleep

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 March 2010

By
Mahesh M. Thakkar  and
Subimal Datta
Edited by
Patrick McNamara ,
Robert A. Barton  and
Charles L. Nunn
Patrick McNamara
Affiliation:
Boston University
Robert A. Barton
Affiliation:
University of Durham
Charles L. Nunn
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
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Summary

Introduction

Since the dawn of civilization, sleep has fascinated humankind. Myriad treatises and reviews, scientific and nonscientific, have been written in an attempt to explain the phenomenon of sleep, yet none has been comprehensive enough to gain general acceptance. It is now well established that sleep is neither a unitary nor a passive process. Intricate neuronal systems via complex mechanisms are responsible for controlling sleep. This chapter focuses on the evolution of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep; for detailed information about other behavioral states, the reader is referred to several comprehensive reviews (Datta & Maclean, 2007; Jones, 2003; Mignot, 2004; Siegel, 2004; Steriade & McCarley, 2005). We begin with a brief description of the discovery of REM sleep and then describe the phylogeny and evolution of REM.

Discovery of REM sleep

The discovery of REM sleep, a major breakthrough, revolutionized the field of sleep research. The process that led to this discovery began in Kleitman's laboratory at the University of Chicago Medical School in 1953. Kleitman and his graduate student Eugene Aserinsky noticed rhythms in eye movements during sleep in humans and linked this to dreaming (Aserinsky & Kleitman, 1953, 1955). Subsequently, Dement and Kleitman (1957) characterized the electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during dreaming in humans, and later Dement (1958) recorded rapid eye movements during sleep in animals. These discoveries established the presence of the non-REM–REM sleep cycle.

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Type
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Evolution of Sleep
Phylogenetic and Functional Perspectives
 , pp. 197 - 217
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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