This chapter investigates the relationship between domestic spaces, household objects and the individuals who owned them, examining the manner in which those individuals furnished their houses and their attitudes towards their possessions against the way they talked about domestic life. Although the method is historical in the disciplinary sense, the chapter is literary in its presentation: in the way it privileges the qualitative over the quantitative in order to find a narrative form that gives the extensive statistical data meaning in terms of contemporary perceptions of status, lifecycle and gender within the household. It explores the way objects mediate social relations, but those of affect rather than production and consumption, and analyses individuals' descriptions of their household as evidence of broader cultural patterns of thought about domestic materiality. Such information is important for an understanding of domestic tragedy in several ways. The chapter also discusses domestic goods as bequests, the language of bequests, objects and spaces, biographies of domestic possession and narratives of the house.

This chapter presents an overview of the first year of economic policy experienced by the new socialist presidency. It focuses on three questions: what is to be done to tackle the economic crisis; how does the presidency intend to fight ever-increasing unemployment; and how will it preserve industrial bases in the French economy and so prepare the basis of future growth. The chapter explains the responses witnessed by François Hollande's presidency: the internal dynamics of the Parti socialiste (PS) itself and the nature of the electoral competition in France. It also focuses on what remains of national economic policy and of national choices in a time of accelerated 'Europeanisation through crisis'. The PS has endorsed every European treaty since 1992, and now according to the European rules, the PS has no apparent choice but to cut drastically the public budgets and go for dramatic structural reforms.

This chapter begins with a short history of propaganda theories, including important definitions and concepts from academic perspectives as well as those dominant in contemporary defence policy. It provides a brief history of Anglo-American relations and propaganda use to provide valuable context to the contemporary relationship. Censorship has historically been considered crucial in any propaganda system. The ethical position of propaganda and press freedom is often treated as long ago decided. The chapter discusses how 'security' and 'threats' were defined and constructed for the 'War on Terror'. It also presents some key concepts discussed in this book. The book argues that the counter-terrorism adaptations resulted in initiatives that gave propaganda wider reach and challenged existing structures, 'rules' and practices. An examination of US and UK governments' use of the term 'terrorism', during the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, suggests that terrorism was assumed to be an uncontroversial and homogeneous concept.

Manchester remained the suffrage city. All the main suffrage organizations ~ NUWSS, WSPU, WFL and Men's League ~ were well represented. Luckily Jessie Stephenson's typescript autobiography offers a vivid portrait of the local WSPU census weekend. And her south Manchester ‘Census Lodge’ was also captured on camera by a professional photographer. Altogether, there were 208 evaders clustered together overnight, with an additional 88 people accommodated round the corner. This made central Manchester undoubtedly the largest mass evasion outside London. Meanwhile, the WFL organized smaller imaginative evasions out in their suburban strongholds - like Sale in north Cheshire. But, as Hannah Mitchell's autobiography The Hard Way Up testifies, some WFL members decided to comply. Hannah's own schedule, seemingly a mix of handwriting, is scarcely straightforward. Why exactly did Hannah, a working-class suffragette, decide not to boycott?

This chapter explores the responses of the revolutionary left to the emergence of gay people and gay politics, focusing on the crucial first decade from about 1970 to 1980. Gay Liberation was a project dedicated to the root and branch transformation of society and culture, a rejection of capitalism, to be sure, but also of patriarchy, heterosexual power, the nuclear family, and hierarchies of all kinds. Homosexuality erupted onto the public agenda in the mid-1950s, as a series of sex scandals drove the government of Winston Churchill to establish a Home Office inquiry into prostitution and homosexuality. The chapter finally examines the efforts of the three most important British revolutionary groups of the time: Militant/Socialist Labour League (SLL), the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and the Socialist Workers Group/International Socialists/ Socialist Workers Party (SWG/IS/SWP).

This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book focuses especially on East German intelligence activities. They include reading and listening about Ireland and Northern Ireland; spying on Ireland; recording information on Northern Ireland in the central databank for persons; and watching the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) and British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). The book explains that the German Democratic Republic (GDR) considered the Northern Irish conflict to be a colonial struggle. The PIRA's strategy and outlook was strongly condemned by the East German media although it did support Bobby Sands and the hunger strikes of 1980-1981 as the Communist Party of Ireland (CPI) had decided to support them.

This chapter makes the point that the concept of “ecology” extends itself well beyond a study of projects of conservation. The study of environmental sustainability requires us to come to terms with the more complex and ethically sound and ecologically constituted ways of thinking that characterize many indigenous and non-western ways of thinking. Major changes in the relationships of humans to the earth require universities to play significant roles in this transformation of thought. The author makes the controversial point that universities must rethink what they do. Indigenous Knowledge systems (IKS) in the curriculum of higher education posit philosophical, ethical, moral and metaphysical challenges to all areas of current academic systems of thought as well as the practices that result. This chapter recounts the history of how universities have arrived at such ungrounded practice.

Mental health services include a broad range of services, from home and community-based facilities such as day hospitals and out-patient facilities to acute care units and residential care services. This chapter presents a broad overview of key economic issues facing the provision of such services in Ireland. The key issues include: the nature and extent of mental illnesses in Ireland; the resources spent on care provided to people with mental illnesses; and the economic cost of mental illness in Ireland. The chapter reviews some examples of economic evaluation of mental health interventions in Ireland and a contingent valuation study that estimates the willingness to pay for a mental health programme. An example of an economic evaluation in the mental health area concerned the Suicide Crisis Awareness Nurse (SCAN) service that was introduced in two catchment areas, Cluain Mhuire in Dublin and Wexford.

This chapter begins by focusing on the economic, political and ideological factors that transformed the political consciousness of key elements of the working class. It considers the influential role played by socialist activists, especially those aligned to the left within the Labour Party, the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and the International Socialists/Socialist Workers Party (IS/SWP). When it comes to understanding the development of a current of working class anti-racism, crucial was the growing importance of socialist activists and stewards in the rising tide of class struggle. The first evidence of organised opposition to racism and exclusionary practices in the workplace had emerged in May 1965, when Asian and Caribbean workers went on strike at Courtauld's Red Scar Mill in Preston, Lancashire. The most visible manifestation of the working-class solidarity and the rejection of racist ideologies took place between 1976 and 1978 during the Grunwick dispute.

This chapter offers a preliminary analysis of the post-punk worlds of Manchester, Liverpool and Sheffield. It develops this analysis by way of an examination of their formal network properties. The chapter focuses on the role of key elements of music worlds: resources, places and conventions. It begins with a discussion of basic network parameters. Network properties and structure are important, because they facilitate the collective action which, in turn, facilitates the emergence of a music world. Support personnel link to various different bands in a network such that they have a higher degree within the network and play a significant role in linking its various clusters together into a single component. They are the most central players in the network. The chapter provides the definitions of the key forms of node centrality, adding a brief definition of their corresponding forms of centralisation.

This chapter reconsiders the style and meaning of British New Wave cinema. The examination of Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, A Taste of Honey or Billy Liar, is based upon the pressing desire to re-evaluate the mise-en-scène of these films. This has been achieved by applying the kind of British critical methodology, which first suggested that such an approach was unnecessary. The kind of style-based film criticism originally advocated by Movie is a useful tool for reconsidering the nature and the status of the series of films. Reconsidering the nature of each of these films is made possible by concentrating upon the details of each one and allowing a discussion of these details to develop a deeper understanding of each individual film. The implications of this are twofold. Firstly, it enables a clear demonstration that it is not the methodology that is at fault; it is just the way in which the methodology has (not) been applied. The strand of British film criticism which has developed is an impressive tool by which discussions of the British New Wave can be moved forward. The impressive nature of the methodology is further enhanced by the implications that such an approach has for other aspects of British cinema. Secondly, it is important to understand that examining the style and meaning of any individual film allows that film to have a position within any kind of broader framework.

This chapter revisits the idea of death as it has been set out in Derrida's reading of Heidegger, beginning by examining the numerous suicides that are found in Conrad's work before offering a close reading of what might be called ‘structures of suicide’ in Lord Jim. Following an explication of Blanchot's work on suicide that focuses on his formulation of the ‘double death’ and his contention that literary language is similarly ‘doubly negative’, this chapter considers the structural implications of suicide for narrative. This proceeds through an investigation into Conrad's biographers' attempts to narrate his supposed suicide attempt in 1898, an investigation that leads to the identification of similar narrative structures in Lord Jim.

This chapter discusses the first narrative filmed by Julio Medem, Vacas. Vacas was to mark a new way of filmmaking in Spain, based upon independent financing, pre-sold distribution rights, American-style publicity, innovative strategies for attaining foreign sales and a fresh emphasis on the notion of the filmmaker as auteur. Magical realism is present in the paradox of the union of opposites such as life and death in the portal of the hole in the tree, as well as in the tensions that exist between the feudal, rural past of the Basque Country in the nineteenth century. Vacas is not just Medem's artful positioning as a Basque filmmaker in relation to Basque nationalism and Basque cinema, it is also an ironic reflection on his feelings about Basqueness and the emotional investment in its meaning that he makes with this film and his own son.