This chapter suggests that Maud Allan and Margot Asquith were together held up as examples of undesirable femininity, exhibiting attributes seen as diametrically opposed to that of a new, refashioned ideal English womanhood. Noel Pemberton Billing attempted to discredit Maud via her knowledge of the term 'clitoris'; it was only one of several ways in which he launched his attack. He implied that she was a German sympathiser by virtue of having undertaken musical training in Berlin. Like Allan, Oscar Wilde's Salome was also discredited through being labelled sadistic. Maud's infamy stemmed not only from her 'scorching' eroticised dancing; there were also vague rumours of her lesbianism, largely due to her close friendship with Margot. Many aspects of the trial have been considered by previous scholars, such as the debates over sexual perversity, homosexuality, sexology, treachery and patriotism.

This chapter discusses the connection between the Beatles' vision and Ginsberg's vision. It considers the Beatles' vision as a Beat vision, which has some common features with Ginsberg's. The chapter also aims to assess whether the Beatles realised the Beat ideal in their own distinctive way, while keeping a broad sympathy with Ginsberg's course. It also tries to answer whether the Beatles' development represented the triumph of the Beat ideal of an adventurous art based in popular culture.

This chapter explores the medical and scientific experiments that were conducted on army personnel between 1939 and 1945. These included trials of therapeutic drugs, synthetic stimulants and exposure to chemical agents. It examines the aims and objectives of agencies like the Medical Research Council and the Chemical Defence Experimental Establishment at Porton Down, which conducted wartime research. These provide glimpses into the mind-set and decisions made by experimenters regarding the types of bodies that were considered most useful and the levels of risk to which they were to be exposed. The chapter then explores how servicemen encountered medical and scientific experiments. It shows that while some men were forced to take part in human trials by military superiors, many others willingly volunteered. They did so for extra money, time off or to enjoy an enhanced sense of status. Participants also had clear ethical expectations for their bodies, such as being informed about the nature of tests, providing voluntary consent and receiving safeguards to protect their health. This chapter therefore highlights the active role that soldiers played in shaping wartime research as they engaged, and indeed withdrew, their bodies in the demands of experimental science.

Social democracy was able to influence decisions and establish itself as a sort of European 'opposition', a vector of a different conception of Europe, albeit a minority one. Faced with the crisis of the European project, socialists had a great and unique opportunity to revitalise their European strategy. The minority participation of socialists in European institutions favoured a role, which would have consisted of steering the socialists' political and programmatic activity through the Party of European Socialists (PES) and the leaders' conference. The debt crisis had contributed to the inauguration of a new phase in the development of Euro-parties. The financial crisis on the one hand, and the sovereign debt crisis on the other, had restored the possibility of European reform. Compared with the political systems produced by the nation state, the European system had complicated the strategies of 'strong reformism' in unprecedented fashion, at national and European levels alike.

The conclusion reviews the content of the book; the characteristics of the District Court as an institution, the nature and features of District Court language and discourse, and how this relates to its workload and procedure; participants in the criminal process and their use of language; the new LEP defendant and how the LEP case compares to the Irish case, linguistically and substantively; historical language issues in Irish courts and development of the current language provision system; problems of organisation and quality. It then presents the paradox of a willingness to provide services with an unwillingness to assure the quality of those services and finds that this relates to assumptions about interpreter competence, the effective management of services, an over-emphasis on the importance of interpreter provision, and the minor nature of District Court offences.

The earliest accounts of the First Crusade adopted a tone of advocacy, a register that never entirely left medieval, and some modern descriptions of crusading. William of Tyre's Historia was the first scholarly crusade history to combine research in earlier chronicles and, contemporary commentary with a considered academic reflection on both. William's image of the charismatic Peter the Hermit suited the emphasis on apostolic poverty, evangelism to the laity and moral rearmament characteristic of the polemics of crusading's second century. Throughout the process of retelling the story of the First Crusade, Latin/clerical invention and interpretive tropes readily cross-pollinated with vernacular literature. The use of the crusade and its history, by humanists and other contemporary writers, occupied a world of polemic, serving parochial religious, cultural and political functions. The fusion of crusade and pilgrimage was rapid.