Persistent denials of colonisation have characterised Japan's discourse regarding its sixty years' presence in Korea. The formal colonisation which followed the annexation of Korea in 1910 might have been expected radically to have altered the condition of Japanese settlement. During the 1910s, Korea was intended by the colonial authorities to become the rice granary of Japan. In Korea, this clear-cut colonial division of labour (agriculture overseas, industry at home) failed to make settlers farmers. The racial and cultural proximity of the colonists and the colonised may incline people to think of the Japanese of Korea as more comparable with British settlers in Ireland than, for instance, with Dutch settlers in Indonesia. A Japanese representation of Korean cities published by the general government of Korea in 1930 offers ample evidence of the way the exis- tence of 'ethnic' boundaries was masked in official sources.

Joseph Herman Hertz's theology placed him in the traditional group within the acknowledgement school although he was influenced by its scientific, romantic and aesthetic branches. This chapter examines Hertz's position on secular learning, non-Jews and non-Jewish religious movements, and on Jews and Jewish movements. It looks at how Zionism fitted into Hertz's theological outlook. The chapter establishes Hertz's religious attitudes, traces their origins, and identifies Hertz's religious and intellectual inspirations. It compares Hertz's views with those of Jewish religious leaders with different attitudes and also looks at how Hertz's approach can be seen as a reaction to those attitudes and as interventions in an ongoing debate within Judaism. The chapter argues that Hertz was a member of the group of traditionalists who wished to acknowledge what they considered to be the valuable aspects of modernity.

Prolonged periods of aerial bombardment were a reality for many towns and cities in Britain during the Second World War, meaning that air raids and bombing were realities for British cinemas and cinemagoers. Hundreds of cinemas were damaged by enemy bombing during the war. Looking at the ways in which patrons were informed about the possibility of impending attack, the destruction of cinemas and the deaths of cinemagoers, this chapter positions the British exhibition industry on the front line for both the blitz and later ‘Doodlebug’ (that is, V-1 pilotless rocket) raids. The destruction of the Whitehall cinema in East Grinstead, in which more than 75 people were killed, is used as a case study. The intrusive nature of modern, industrialised warfare threatened to undermine the cinema’s ability to facilitate escape, but also made the possibility of escape all the more precious and valuable.

Chapter 3 provides an overview of the leadership strategies pursued by the Conservatives in two full terms of opposition, between 1997 and 2005. It analyses the Conservative reaction to landslide defeat in 1997, and considers how the competing interpretations of defeat influenced the strategies pursued by the party leadership. The chapter contends that these were sub-optimal in electoral terms, characterised by uncertainty and inconsistency. This assessment includes an examination of electoral strategy across the period, particularly the two general election campaigns of 2001 and 2005. It also involves tracing the key phases of leadership strategy, notably Hague’s initial efforts to ‘reach out’ and subsequent change of direction; Duncan Smith’s efforts to forge a new narrative of Conservatism based around public services and ‘championing the vulnerable’; and Howard’s pursuit of narrowly-focused managerial appeal, centred around his personal accountability. The chapter concludes that the strategies pursued by Hague, Duncan Smith and Howard were sub-optimal: they underachieved even within the inauspicious context that they faced.

Chapter 3 compares and contrasts anxieties and concerns which surrounded the clothed and unclothed male body. Male bodies had a powerful cultural resonance after the war, in rehabilitative initiatives and emerging consumer industries. By the 1930s, the physical power of the masses, from the Bolshevik Revolution to images of crowds at play, was informing a national iconography of controlled and disciplined youth, very visible in newsreel footage from the 1930s of the Scouts, BB, boys' clubs, and totalitarian youth movements in Germany and Italy. At an individual level, young men's physical sense of self was coming under the growing influence of visual forms and commercial leisure trends, bringing working-class young men into contact with new models of personal behaviour and social interaction which made many sensitive to style, fashion and appearance. This chapter examines how working-class young men mediated the feminised connotations of consumption in negotiating these new physical images and ways of performing masculinity.

This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book deals with migration, diasporas, issues of identity, and related questions of opposition to empire itself. It opens with Stephen Howe's carefully nuanced assessment of anti-colonial ideas within Scotland, which argues that a great deal of material and the attitudes of its originators remain to be surveyed. The book offers a fascinating insight into the role of Scottish migrants in left-wing activity, in the maintenance and development of identities, as well as in gender and racial politics, in a specific province of Canada, British Columbia (BC). It demonstrates the ways in which the invocation of the name of Livingstone, as an appeal to a highly instrumental ancestor figure, became vital in so many political causes in the twentieth century.

Elemental Passions makes few concessions to the reader. Both in style and content it is elusive, open to various interpretations. The performative nature of the text is reinforced by elusive, poetic language which renders any interpretation even more tentative. The style of Elemental Passions reflects the fluidity and the motion of its female subject. Themes such as identity and difference in man's appropriation of woman, the philosophical categories of time and space, death and birth, and the formation of subjects through the love between man and woman occur repeatedly throughout Elemental Passions. They are revisited only partly in order to move events between man and woman or the argument about subjectivity forward; their more important function is to create awareness and understanding in the reader.

This chapter adopts a wide-angle lens, culling factors pertinent to the results and processes of issue advocacy from among three paradigmatic families such as state preference-oriented, social preference-oriented, and norms-based. It articulates from the perspective of each a generalized hypothesis about when and why transnational advocacy network (TAN) campaigns are likely to be influential. State power has seldom been taken as seriously as is warranted in discussions about transnational civil society. The chapter illustrates each of the three paradigms clusters of causal factors across the fields of political science, international relations, and sociology. Discussion of each of these paradigms in turn is accompanied by remarks on how each might be expected to play out in the Chinese context. Explanations of effective advocacy based on political legitimacy comprise an alternate version of the liberal/society-oriented hypothesis.

The chapter presents three narratives: the cultural cartography within the Museum; the relationship between the Museum and the rest of the University; and the status of the Museum profession. In presenting a unified view of nature linked by time and evolution, William Boyd Dawkins wanted to smooth over disciplinary boundaries within the natural sciences. Even the scientific areas that fulfilled the new 'green' environmental Zeitgeist privileged fieldwork rather than collection-based research. The chapter examines the shifting disciplinary boundaries within the natural history collections and between the Museum, the university, and the wider intellectual sphere. Material culture was employed in the physical space of the Museum to build disciplines and anchor communities of practice, whether academic, amateur or professional. New accommodation for the Museum was relegated to 'the University's plans for the future', and the natural history collections were dislocated from their cognate teaching departments.