Journalism, to appropriate Jean Chalaby's term, was an 'invention' of the Victorian era, and while there are many similarities between the journalistic cultures of the two islands, there are also significant differences. From the end of the eighteenth century right up into the twentieth century, campaigns for political and social change were often linked with newspapers and other forms of journalism. Increasing sectarianism in Northern Ireland, especially in Belfast, offered further differences between the working experiences of Irish journalists compared to their British colleagues. Daniel O'Connell's own understanding of the press's role is evident in his grasp of the part played by editors in campaigns for Catholic Emancipation and the Repeal Movement. By the end of the nineteenth century, Irish journalists displayed traits that would indicate a growing professional consciousness.

This chapter develops the argument that land, in the form of the ground that warfare is fought on, gives land warfare certain unique characteristics, including its political significance, variability and resistant nature as a medium. These characteristics in turn shape the nature of the forces that fight upon land, making them complex, human-centric and persistent, and giving them the potential for the power of decision. Land warfare is complex: its prosecution requires navigating a wide array of competing trade-offs including those between manoeuvre and attrition, centralisation and decentralisation, and attack and defence. Land power, however, is composed of much more than land warfare, and joint and multi-domain capabilities make a vital contribution.

As professionally trained nurses, the Daughters of Charity had a long tradition of managing French military base hospitals, which they did extremely effectively; their patients took a very positive view of their work. The French medical department functioned very efficiently at the beginning of the war because it included professionally trained soldier nurses as well as canteen ladies, who were essentially sutlers and entrepreneurs but who also gave care on the battlefield. The trained soldier nurses were excellent but the doctors always complained there were not enough of them. Furthermore, these nurses could not advance beyond the level of non-commissioned officer. The French had solved the problem of land transport for the wounded and sick with their muleteers, but the medical department’s administrative arrangements were unsatisfactory. It reported to the commissariat which did not consider the care of the sick and wounded a high priority. In a good example of transnationalism, the Piedmont-Sardinians modeled their army on the French and similarly had trained male soldier nurses. Their nursing system was somewhat better because their soldier nurses could become officers and their Daughters of Charity worked on the battlefield. They had an outstanding leader in the Countess Cordero.

Chapter 5 examines the representational role of moral rhetoric. Moral rhetoric can be considered parties’ attempts to signal that they represent the moral values of the electorate. If so, how important is moral rhetoric as a form of moral representation? I answer this question by examining people’s attitudes about moral rhetoric in politics. I theorize that many voters want some level of moral discourse in politics, although there is variation in attitudes. I further theorize that demand for a party’s moral rhetoric exists not only among voters who support the party but also among voters who appreciate moral reasoning in politics, even if they do not support the party. Survey data from six countries show that many voters indeed want to see moral discourse in politics. Moreover, voters’ demands for moral rhetoric have partisan and nonpartisan antecedents. A voter’s copartisan status with the party positively predicts greater demand for moral rhetoric, but so does a voter’s reliance on moral reasoning when thinking about politics, holding partisanship constant. In short, we learn that moral rhetoric has representational significance for broad groups of the electorate.

The late 1960s and 1970s, during which Chantal Akerman established herself as a leading independent director, can be treated as a discrete period in her oeuvre. It bore thematic focus on various forms of minority culture and its crystallisation of an aesthetic indebted to experimental film practices. This chapter discusses her rich output in this period in the artistic and cultural contexts in which it emerged and against which it was subsequently assessed, most importantly experimental film, performance art and feminism. Each of her films in this period can be considered as an example of a 'critical cinema'. The chapter discusses Saute ma ville, Hotel Monterey, La Chambre, and Je tu il elle, among several other films. The combination of a greater emphasis on narrative and a style still indebted to avant-garde film practices paves the way for the exuberant experiments of the 1980s.

Located on a large delta, eastern India confronted a series of ecological challenges in the previous centuries – from the filling up of marshy lands to deforestation. But its developed state of agriculture and handicrafts placed it at the forefront of the country’s economic development, attracting foreign traders to settle therein, and finally to establish their rule in this region. But the question is: how did its economy perform during colonial rule? Indeed, the economic environment that it confronted was not always conducive. Initially, it received a boost from the trading activities of the Company. But later on, an uncongenial environment followed, ruining its age-old industries. Also, many opportunities emerged, thereby giving rise to many modern industries. The chapter seeks to highlight how eastern India’s economic development was shaped during colonial rule. Apart from agriculture and industry, it discusses the development of transport facilities, and also demographic issues, including migration.

Ordinary-chondrite petrologic types range from unheated type-3.00 to highly recrystallized type-6 samples. During metamorphism, olivine grains in ferroan chondrules become depleted in Cr2O3 as Cr2O3 variability decreases. Matrix olivine grains become more ferroan and bulk matrix loses C, metal, and sulfide. Metamorphism induces whole-rock loss of some H2O, C, noble gases, and volatile mobile elements. Type-6 OC contain homogeneous mafic silicates. The maximum metamorphic temperatures in OC ranged from ~200-260ºC for type 3.00 to ~820-930ºC for type 6. Asteroids were heated mainly by 26Al early in Solar System history and by collisions afterwards. Some OC were annealed after shock. Shock also caused microstructural mineral dislocations. Brecciation and melting can occur during collisions. Indigenous water may be mobilized during heating, leading to aqueous alteration of matrix material and chondrule glass. Carbide-magnetite assemblages and fayalite-silica associations are produced during alteration. Some asteroids of OC composition were melted – IVA iron meteorites were derived from the metal core of one such differentiated asteroid.

Chapter 1 introduces the Nordic nations – Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden – as inspiring examples for transforming capitalism toward sustainability. It establishes their consistent leadership across global benchmarks in areas including sustainability, democracy, and societal well-being. The chapter addresses common misconceptions about Nordic societies, particularly the frequent American mischaracterization of their market economies as “socialist.” Through empirical evidence and personal narrative, it traces the region’s remarkable transformation from nineteenth-century poverty to contemporary shared prosperity. It examines how Nordic experiences might inform improvements to American capitalism, while acknowledging key differences between contexts. It also introduces fundamental features of Nordic capitalism, including universal social systems, stakeholder orientation, and democratic institutions. The chapter concludes by positioning Nordic capitalism as a valuable source of insights for realizing sustainable capitalism, while acknowledging its imperfections and ongoing challenges.